Description of the Fifth Instar of \u3ci\u3eApache Degeerii\u3c/i\u3e (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea: Derbidae)

(excerpt) Apache degeerii (Kirby) ranges from Maine south to Florida and west to Iowa and Texas; it has also been recorded from British Columbia and Washington (Metcalf 1945. Wilson and McPherson 1980). This derbid has been recorded from oak, beech, maple, and hickory (Swezey 19(4); otherwise no information on its biology is available

Role of Insects and Diseases in a Jack Pine Provenance Study

Two jack pine plantations were established at the Cloquet Forestry Center, Cloquet, Minnesota, in 1942 and 1943, using trees originating from 22 sites in the United States and 10 in Canada. From 1945 to 1953 the incidence of attack by insects and diseases was recorded individually for all trees, and in 1980-1981 the diameter and form of both living and dead trees were recorded. There were differences in the incidence of attack by the pests and in tree response to early injury among the various seed sources. In 1980 and in 1981 there were differences in tree form resulting from insect and both living and dead pest-free trees had the best form. The diameter increases from 1955 to 1980-1981 were almost identical for all categories with the exception of the dead pest-free trees which had the smallest diameters

Information technology innovations and commercial banking: A review and appraisal from an historical perspective

Technological innovation in general and information technology (IT) applications in particular, have had a major effect in banking and finance. Following Garbade and Silber (1978), this research reviews the effects on banking organisations with reference to front office or external changes as described by the nature of product and service offerings. Following Morris (1986) and Quintás (1991), the research also considers innovations in the back office or internal (operational function) changes brought about to banking organisations. Outstanding IT-based innovations are considered and grouped into four distinct periods: early adoption (1864-1945), specific application (1945-1965), emergence (1965-1980) and diffusion (1980-1995). The research then discusses the potential impact of more recent innovations (i.e. electronic purses, digital cash and Internet banking). As a result, the research provides an historical perspective on the main drivers determining adoption of technological innovation in retail banking markets.Banks, competition, IT innovation

Extreme Northern Acclimatization in Biennial Yellow Sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis) at the Arctic Circle

Biennial sweetclovers (Melilotus spp.) are among the most winter-hardy of the legumes used as forage crops (Bula and Smith 1954; Gorz and Smith 1973; Hodgson and Bula 1956; Klebesadel 1971b, 1980). Common strains and cultivars of both yellow-flowered (M. officinalis [L.] Lam.) and white-flowered (M. alba Desr.) species are grown extensively in the Middle West and Great Plains areas of the United States (Gorz and Smith 1973), and the prairie provinces of Canada (Greenshields 1957). However, due to inadequate winter hardiness in Alaska of strains currently available (Hodgson and Bula 1956; Irwin 1945; Klebesadel 1971b, 1980), sweetclovers from other areas are not dependable for use as biennials in southcentral Alaska

Unique History, Unique Opportunity: Evangelicalism in Austria since 1945

The article deals with the history of evangelicalism in Austria, a subject on which there is hardly any scholarly research. In focus is the development of the newly recognized baptist, charismatic, mainline evangelical, mennonite and pentecostal denominations since 1945. The role of immigration in the growth of evangelicalism is examined, especially during two periods: the decade after WWII (1945-55) as well as the massive immigration from Eastern Europe (particularly from Romania) after the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989. The article also presents examples of indigenous church movements among the Austrian people themselves, especially during the 1970\u27s and 1980\u27s. Although the story of its growth is remarkable, less than 0.3% of the population are members of evangelical churches. Conclusions are made as to how Austria\u27s evangelicals can learn from their past in order to more effectively shape their future

"Rights, Not Roses": Unions and the Rise of Working-Class Feminism, 1945-1980

Review of: Rights, Not Roses": Unions and the Rise of Working-Class Feminism, 1945-1980. Deslippe, Dennis A

"Rights, Not Roses": Unions and the Rise of Working-Class Feminism, 1945-1980

Review of: Rights, Not Roses": Unions and the Rise of Working-Class Feminism, 1945-1980. Deslippe, Dennis A

La Politique Économique en Débat : Une Approche Critique

Cet Article est une analyse critique des politiques économiques depuis 1945. Il s’articule autour de quatre moments clefs : De 1945 à 1980 : le keynésianisme, connaissant son apogée aux années 1940 et 1960, commence à s’essouffler depuis le début des années 1970, laissant place à une contre-révolution libérale. De 1980 à 2008 : Une pensée post-consensus de Washington nourrit les critiques contre les thérapeutiques proposées par les institutions de Bretton Woods et remet en question l'hégémonie doctrinale de ces dernières. Le monde après la crise financière de 2008 : malgré des politiques de relance budgétaires temporaires, un nouveau consensus pour la rigueur budgétaire s’installe. L’économie mondiale depuis la COVID : le keynésianisme renaît de ses cendres avec le retour des plans de relance, alors que le monde peine à rembourser sa dette COVID. Récemment, les politiques de normalisation monétaire s’imposent.   This article is a critical analysis of economic policies since 1945. It revolves around four key moments: From 1945 to 1980: Keynesianism, reaching its peak in the 1940s and 1960s, started to decline in the early 1970s, giving way to a liberal counter-revolution. From 1980 to 2008: A post-Washington Consensus thinking fueled critiques against the proposed therapies by Bretton Woods institutions and questioned their doctrinal hegemony. The world after the 2008 financial crisis: Despite temporary budgetary stimulus policies, a new consensus for fiscal austerity emerged. The global economy since COVID: Keynesianism rises from the ashes with the return of stimulus plans, while the world struggles to repay its COVID debt. Recently, policies for monetary normalization have come to the fore

La Politique Économique en Débat : Une Approche Critique

Cet Article est une analyse critique des politiques économiques depuis 1945. Il s’articule autour de quatre moments clefs : De 1945 à 1980 : le keynésianisme, connaissant son apogée aux années 1940 et 1960, commence à s’essouffler depuis le début des années 1970, laissant place à une contre-révolution libérale. De 1980 à 2008 : Une pensée post-consensus de Washington nourrit les critiques contre les thérapeutiques proposées par les institutions de Bretton Woods et remet en question l'hégémonie doctrinale de ces dernières. Le monde après la crise financière de 2008 : malgré des politiques de relance budgétaires temporaires, un nouveau consensus pour la rigueur budgétaire s’installe. L’économie mondiale depuis la COVID : le keynésianisme renaît de ses cendres avec le retour des plans de relance, alors que le monde peine à rembourser sa dette COVID. Récemment, les politiques de normalisation monétaire s’imposent.   This article is a critical analysis of economic policies since 1945. It revolves around four key moments: From 1945 to 1980: Keynesianism, reaching its peak in the 1940s and 1960s, started to decline in the early 1970s, giving way to a liberal counter-revolution. From 1980 to 2008: A post-Washington Consensus thinking fueled critiques against the proposed therapies by Bretton Woods institutions and questioned their doctrinal hegemony. The world after the 2008 financial crisis: Despite temporary budgetary stimulus policies, a new consensus for fiscal austerity emerged. The global economy since COVID: Keynesianism rises from the ashes with the return of stimulus plans, while the world struggles to repay its COVID debt. Recently, policies for monetary normalization have come to the fore

Top Incomes in Sweden over the Twentieth Century

This paper presents homogenous series of top income shares in Sweden from 1903 to 2003 using individual tax returns data. We find that Swedish top incomes have developed more similarly to the US, Canada and the UK than to other continental European countries when capital gains are included. The top income shares are U-shaped over time, falling steadily until around 1980 when they start increasing again. Around 2000 they reach levels similar to those found around 1950, before the expansion of the Swedish welfare state. However, unlike the Anglo-Saxon countries, where the recent increases were mainly driven by increased wage earnings inequality, Swedish top income shares have risen almost exclusively due to capital gains, a finding consistent with relatively high marginal wage taxes and internationally high price increases in financial and real estate markets since 1980. When excluding capital gains the increase in top income shares since 1980 almost disappears and the Swedish experience looks more like that of continental Europe. Furthermore, we also find that the largest decrease of top income shares happens between 1935 and the beginning of the 1950s, but not (as in the US and in France) during the war years, but before 1939 and after 1945 suggesting that the Swedish development was more driven by policy than by exogenous shocks.Income inequality; Top incomes; Sweden; Taxation