Halving poverty in Mexico

We estimate the required time and the minimum necessary growth rate to halve poverty incidence and poverty intensity in Mexico’s rural and urban areas for a series of counterfactual distribution and growth scenarios. Results show that, given the current income distribution, per capita incomes in the rural area would have to grow faster –in some cases eight times faster– than they have done historically to shrink poverty by half by 2015. In contrast, income in the urban sector would have to grow around 1 per cent per year to reach the same goal, which seems a more reasonable outcome given its behavior in past years.economic growth, millennium development goals, poverty goals, poverty measurement, Mexico.

Spectroscopic Observations of Fe XVIII in Solar Active Regions

The large uncertainties associated with measuring the amount of high temperature emission in solar active regions represents a significant impediment to making progress on the coronal heating problem. Most current observations at temperatures of 3 MK and above are taken with broad band soft X-ray instruments. Such measurements have proven difficult to interpret unambiguously. Here we present the first spectroscopic observations of the Fe XVIII 974.86 AA emission line in an on-disk active region taken with then SUMER instrument on SOHO. Fe XVIII has a peak formation temperature of 7.1 MK and provides important constraints on the amount of impulsive heating in the corona. Detailed evaluation of the spectra and comparison of the SUMER data with soft X-ray images from the XRT on Hinode confirm that this line is unblended. We also compare the spectroscopic data with observations from the AIA 94 AA channel on SDO. The AIA 94 AA channel also contains Fe XVIII, but is blended with emission formed at lower temperatures. We find that is possible to remove the contaminating blends and form relatively pure Fe XVIII images that are consistent with the spectroscopic observations from SUMER. The observed spectra also contain the Ca XIV 943.63 AA line that, although a factor 2 to 6 weaker than the Fe XVIII 974.86 AA line, allows us to probe the plasma around 3.5 MK. The observed ratio between the two lines indicates (isothermal approximation) that most of the plasma in the brighter Fe XVIII active region loops is at temperatures between 3.5 and 4 MK.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures. Submitted as letter to Ap

Ciudad de Valladolid, Capital de la provincia : Reglamento que deberá observarse en la administración y distribución de los caudales de Propios, Rentas, Arbitrios y Facultades de la ciudad de Valladolid, cuyos valores y efectos, que le producen, según resulta de certificaciones de los Contadores de Propios y Arbitrios de ella, con distinción de los que correspondenj a éstos, y los que pertenecen a los Propios y Rentas de la misma ciudad ...

Copia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2009-201

Reales Cédulas de S. M. y señores del Consejo...

Copia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2009-2010Contiene: I. Real Cédula por la qual se ordena en conformidad de la resolucion inserta lo que deben obserbar los Juezes ordinarios y Gefes militares en el arresto y castigo de los reos que cometieren algun desacato contra ellos... Dada en San Ildefonso a 1 de Agosto de 1784. II. Real Cédula concediendo por punto general la libertad de que sin distincion de personas, se puedan fabricar todo genero de tegidos de lino, y cañamo... Fecha en Aranjuez a 14 de Diciembre de 1784. III. Real Cédula por la qual se manda que todos los que manejen granos en estos Reinos, aunque sean de Diezmos... y que no se reputen como copiales los granos que son de puro comercio... Dada en el Pardo a 1 de Febrero de 1785. IV. Real Cédula por la que se establece en la Real Armada las galeras, y se manda que los Tribunales y Justicias del Reino destinen à ellas à los reos que lo mereciesen... Dada en el Pardo a 16 de Febrero de 178

Dielectronic Recombination in Photoionized Gas. II. Laboratory Measurements for Fe XVIII and Fe XIX

In photoionized gases with cosmic abundances, dielectronic recombination (DR) proceeds primarily via nlj --> nl'j' core excitations (Dn=0 DR). We have measured the resonance strengths and energies for Fe XVIII to Fe XVII and Fe XIX to Fe XVIII Dn=0 DR. Using our measurements, we have calculated the Fe XVIII and Fe XIX Dn=0 DR DR rate coefficients. Significant discrepancies exist between our inferred rates and those of published calculations. These calculations overestimate the DR rates by factors of ~2 or underestimate it by factors of ~2 to orders of magnitude, but none are in good agreement with our results. Almost all published DR rates for modeling cosmic plasmas are computed using the same theoretical techniques as the above-mentioned calculations. Hence, our measurements call into question all theoretical Dn=0 DR rates used for ionization balance calculations of cosmic plasmas. At temperatures where the Fe XVIII and Fe XIX fractional abundances are predicted to peak in photoionized gases of cosmic abundances, the theoretical rates underestimate the Fe XVIII DR rate by a factor of ~2 and overestimate the Fe XIX DR rate by a factor of ~1.6. We have carried out new multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock and multiconfiguration Breit-Pauli calculations which agree with our measured resonance strengths and rate coefficients to within typically better than <~30%. We provide a fit to our inferred rate coefficients for use in plasma modeling. Using our DR measurements, we infer a factor of ~2 error in the Fe XX through Fe XXIV Dn=0 DR rates. We investigate the effects of this estimated error for the well-known thermal instability of photoionized gas. We find that errors in these rates cannot remove the instability, but they do dramatically affect the range in parameter space over which it forms.Comment: To appear in ApJS, 44 pages with 13 figures, AASTeX with postsript figure

Presentaciones orales

MCO01 - Caracterizaci&oacute;n molecular del complejo mayor de histocompatibilidad (MHC) Clase I y II del cormor&aacute;n yeco (Phalacrocorax brasilianus). MCO02 - Catastro de enfermedades presentes&nbsp; en animales silvestres pertenecientes al sistema nacional de areas silvestres protegidas del estado de Chile. MCO03 - Causas de muerte en pud&uacute;es (Pudu puda) diagnosticadas en el Instituto de Patolog&iacute;a Animal de la Universidad Austral de Chile. MCO04 - Conservaci&oacute;n de fauna silvestre y personas: descubriendo la escena a trav&eacute;s de un enfoque socio-econ&oacute;mico.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; MCO05 - Efecto de uncinarias en la salud de los cachorros de lobo fino austral (Arctocephalus australis) en Isla Guafo, sur de Chile.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; MCO06 - Selecci&oacute;n de h&aacute;bitat por parte de la Taruka (Hippocamelus antisensis) en la precordillera de las regiones de Arica y Parinacota, y de Tarapac&aacute;.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; MCO07 - Establecimiento de jerarqu&iacute;a y nivel de sociabilidad en pud&uacute;es (Pudu puda) bajo condiciones de semicautiverio.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; MCO08 - La situaci&oacute;n de las enfermedades emergentes de anfibios en Chile

AQUATIC CENTER DI JAKARTA

Dewan Olimpiade Asia (OCA) meresmikan Indonesia menjadi tuan rumah Asian Games XVIII tahun 2018, yang rencananya akan digelar di Ibukota Indonesia, Jakarta. Kabar tersebut tentunya sangat menggembirakan karena sekali lagi Indonesia dapat menjadi tuan rumah Asian Games, mengulang peristiwa bersejarah 52 tahun yang lalu saat Indonesia pertama kali menjadi tuan rumah Asian Games. Berbagai persiapan mulai dilakukan setelah peresmian Indonesia sebagai tuan rumah Asian Games XVIII tahun 2018, namun terdapat beberapa venue yang sudah tidak memenuhi standar internasional untuk dapat dijadikan tempat pertandingan, salah satunya adalah Stadion Akuatik Senayan yang dulu digunakan sebagai arena perlombaan cabang olahraga air pada Asian Games IV tahun 1962. Untuk memenuhi tanggung jawab sebagai tuan rumah Asian Games XVIII, Pemprov DKI Jakarta dan Kementerian Pemuda dan Olahraga akan segera membangun sebuah Stadion Akuatik baru yang memenuhi standar internasional sebagai venue olimpiade cabang olahraga air. Bermula dari fenomena-fenomena di atas maka dibutuhkan suatu desain yang dapat mewadahi kegiatan akuatik untuk kejuaraan skala nasional hingga internasional, pelatihan, olahraga rekreasi dan fungsi tambahan lainnya bagi masyarakat kota yang akan diwujudkan dalam desain Aquatic Center di Jakarta

Solar microflares: a case study on temperatures and the Fe XVIII emission

In this paper, we discuss the temperature distribution and evolution of a microflare, simultaneously observed by Hinode XRT, EIS, and SDO AIA. We find using EIS lines that during peak emission the distribution is nearly isothermal and peaked around 4.5 MK. This temperature is in good agreement with that obtained from the XRT filter ratio, validating the use of XRT to study these small events, invisible by full-Sun X-ray monitors such as GOES. The increase in the estimated Fe XVIII emission in the AIA 94 {\AA} band can mostly be explained with the small temperature increase from the background temperatures. The presence of Fe XVIII emission does not guarantee that temperatures of 7 MK are reached, as is often assumed. We also revisit with new atomic data the temperatures measured by a SoHO SUMER observation of an active region which produced microflares, also finding low temperatures (3 - 4 MK) from an Fe XVIII / Ca XIV ratio.Comment: 12-13 pages, 17 figures (22 eps-files), 4 tables, accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysic