The life and works of Christobal Suárez de Figueroa

Copia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2009-201

The search for theory-practice interaction in the nursing information system: approach from grounded theory

This qualitative study aimed to understand, through nursing discourse, the relation between theory and practice in nursing and its implications for the development of information systems. Grounded theory was used as a methodological reference framework. The study population consisted of nurses who work at the clinic of a school hospital. Data analysis resulted in the main category: The search for theory-practice interaction in the nursing information system. This process was formed by the integration among categories, based on Strauss and Corbin's paradigm as a model with two phenomena: the attempt to apply the formal models in nursing practice and the perspective of the theory-practice gap in the nursing information system.La finalidad de este estudio cualitativo fue comprender, mediante el discurso de los enfermeros, la relación teoría-práctica en enfermería y sus implicaciones para el desarrollo de sistemas de información. La teoría fundamentada en los datos fue utilizada como referencial metodológico. La población fue constituída por enfermeros que actúan en la clínica médica de un hospital escuela. El análisis de los datos resultó en la categoría central: La búsqueda de la interacción teoría-práctica en el sistema de información en enfermería. Tal proceso fue constituido por la integración entre categorías en el modelo del paradigma de Strauss y Corbin en dos fenómenos: la tentativa de aplicar los modelos formales en la práctica de la enfermería y la visión de la laguna teoría-práctica en el sistema de información en enfermería.Estudo qualitativo buscou compreender, por meio do discurso dos enfermeiros, a relação teoria-prática em enfermagem e suas implicações para o desenvolvimento de sistemas de informação. A teoria fundamentada nos dados foi utilizada como referencial metodológico. A população foi constituída por enfermeiros que atuam na clínica médica de um hospital-escola. A análise dos dados resultou na categoria central: a busca da interação teoria-prática no sistema de informação em enfermagem. Tal processo foi constituído pela integração entre categorias no modelo do paradigma de Strauss e Corbin em dois fenômenos: a tentativa de aplicar os modelos formais na prática de enfermagem e a visão da lacuna teoria-prática no sistema de informação em enfermagem

The risk of deflation

This paper was prepared for the meeting on Financial Regulation and Macroeconomic Stability: Key issues for the G20, organised by the CEPR and the Reinventing Bretton Woods Committee, London, 31 January 2009. Introduction: The onset of financial instability in August 2007, which quickly spread across the world, raises a number of questions for policy makers. First, what are the roots of the crisis? Many factors have been emphasized in the debate, including the opacity of complex financial products; the excessive confidence in ratings; weak risk management by financial institutions; massive reliance on wholesale funding; and the presumption that markets would always be liquid. Furthermore, poorly understood incentive effects – arising from the originate-to-distribute-model, remuneration policies and the period of low interest rates – are also widely seen as having played a role. Second, how can a repetition of the crisis can be avoided? Much attention is being focused on regulation and supervision of financial intermediaries. The G-20, at its summit in November 2008, noted that measures need to be taken in five areas: (i) financial market transparency and disclosure by firms need to be strengthened; (ii) regulation needs to be enhanced to ensure that all financial markets, products and participants are regulated or subject to oversight, as appropriate; (iii) the integrity of financial markets should be improved by bolstering investor and consumer protection, avoiding conflicts of interest, and by promoting information sharing; (iv) international cooperation among regulators must be enhanced; and (v) international financial institutions must be reformed to reflect changing economic weights in the world economy better in order to increase the legitimacy and effectiveness of these institutions. Third, how can the consequences for economic activity be minimized? Many of the adverse developments in financial markets – in particular the collapse of term interbank markets – reflect deeply entrenched perceptions of counterparty risk. Prompt and far-reaching action to support the financial system, in particular the infusion of equity capital in financial institutions to reduce counter-party risk and get credit to flow again, is essential in order to restore market functioning. A particular risk at present is that the rapid decline in inflation in many countries in recent months will turn into deflation with highly adverse real economic developments. This background paper considers how large the risk of deflation may be and discusses what policy can do to reduce it. It is organized as follows. Section 2 defines deflation and discusses downward nominal wage rigidities and the zero lower bound on interest rates. While these factors are frequently seen as two reasons why deflation can be associated with very poor economic outcomes, they should not be overemphasized. Section 3 looks at the current situation. Inflation expectations and forecasts in the subset of economies we look at (the euro area, the UK and the US) are positive, indicating that deflation is not expected. This does not imply that the current concerns of deflation are unwarranted, only that the public expects the central bank to be successful in avoiding deflation. The section also looks at the evolution of headline and “core” inflation, focusing on data from the US and the euro area. Section 4 reviews how monetary and fiscal policy can be conducted to ensure that deflation is avoided. Section 5 briefly discusses special issues arising in emerging market economies. Finally, Section 6 offers some conclusions. An Appendix discusses deflation episodes in the period 1882-1939

Management of International Cooperation of Japanese and German Universities – Historical Background and Actual Experiences –

Cooperation of universities is increasingly needed in order to educate productive and team-oriented young scholars at Western and Far Eastern Universities. The article refers to the historical background of international university-cooperation in Japan and Germany. The tendency from lagging or parallel research to research cooperation on the university level is pointed out by practical cases. Additionally experiences by research-networks of cooperating universities are pointed out, esp. as for economic research. Concerning teaching the reintegration of research and teaching in cooperating universities is exposed. The conclusions emphasize the actual problem and refer to experiences from university cooperation in Japan and Germany.Meiji Restoration; transformation process-phases of university research; effects of international university cooperation; reintegration of academic research and teaching.

Financial Revolution and Economic Modernization in Sweden

The development of a well adapted financial system was a main part of the successful Swedish economic modernization in the latter half of the nineteenth century. In this paper it is shown that this development followed the pattern of a financial revolution. Major institutional and organizational changes that took place roughly between the late 1850s and early 1870s led to a rapid increase in liquidity and financial services. This financial revolution preceded the acceleration in economic growth in general and in the modern, industrial sector in particular. Especially the monetization encouraged growth, both in the industrial sector and in GDP as a whole. The basis of the financial system, measured as commercial bank assets and equity capital, was on the other hand also a result of GDP growth.Financial Development; Growth; Institutions; Liquidity; Monetization; Nineteenth Century; Silver and Gold Standards; Structural Change

Migration and Elastic Labour in Economic Development: Southeast Asia before World War II

Between 1880 and 1939, Burma, Malaya and Thailand received inflows of migrants from India and China comparable in size to European immigration in the New World. This article examines the forces that lay behind this migration to Southeast Asia and asks if experience there bears out Lewis' unlimited labor supply hypothesis. We find that it does and, furthermore, that immigration created a highly integrated labor market stretching from South India to Southeastern China. Emigration from India and China and elastic labor supply are identified as important components of Asian globalization before the Second World War.

Emil Lederer: Business Cycles, Crises, and Growth

Emil Lederer (18821939) was exposed to diverse influences. In Vienna he was a student of Eugen von Bhm-Bawerk, Friedrich von Wieser, and Eugen von Philippovich, but when Hilferding and Otto Bauer spoke in those Viennese seminars Lederer must often have taken the side of the Marxists believe Jakob Marschak et al. (1941, p. 80). In Berlin, Lederer attended Gustav Schmoller's lectures. His supervisor in Munich, where he received a second doctoral degree, was Lujo Brentano. Lederer's habilitation submitted to the University of Heidelberg entailed the first comprehensive analysis of the working conditions and political attitudes of salaried employees (Dickler 1987, p. 157). As much as his last work, on the State of the Masses, published posthumously in 1940, it was an important contribution to sociolog

Inleiding

Inleiding bij het Jaarboek Kroniek over de Buyssestudie van het afgelopen jaa