Pioneers on the air: BBC radio broadcasts on computers and A.I., 1946-56

Between 1946 and 1956, a number of BBC radio broadcasts were made by pioneers in the fields of computing, artificial intelligence and cybernetics. Although no sound recordings of the broadcasts survive, transcripts are held at the BBC's Written Archives Centre at Caversham in the UK. This paper is based on a study of these transcripts, which have received little attention from historians. The paper surveys the range of computer-related broadcasts during 1946–1956 and discusses some recurring themes from the broadcasts, especially the relationship of 'artificial intelligence' to human intelligence. Additionally, it discusses the context of the broadcasts, both in relation to the BBC and to contemporary awareness of computers

Дипломатия европейской интеграции (1946-1956 гг.)

Розглянуто історичні аспекти європейської інтеграції у період з 1946 по 1956 роки.The historical aspects of European integration in the period from 1946 to 1956 are considered.Рассмотрены исторические аспекты европейской ынтеграции в период с 1946 по 1956 год

2011 Bluestone Reunion Weekend

Graduates of the Classes of 1936, 1941, 1946, 1951, 1956 and 1961 returned to campus for Bluesone Reunions

Selectivity in regeneration of the oculomotor nerve in the cichlid fish, Astronotus ocellatus

It has long been considered a general rule for nerve regeneration that the reinnervation of skeletal muscle is nonselective. Regenerating nerve fibers are supposed to reconnect with one skeletal muscle as readily as another according to studies covering a wide range of vertebrates (Weiss, 1937; Weiss & Taylor, 1944; Weiss & Hoag, 1946; Bernstein & Guth, 1961; Guth, 1961, 1962, 1963). Similarly, in embryogenesis proper functional connexions between nerve centers and particular muscles are supposedly attained, not by selective nerve outgrowth but rather through a process of ‘myotypic modulation’ (Weiss, 1955) that presupposes nonselective peripheral innervation. Doubt about the general validity of this rule and the concepts behind it has come from a series of studies on regeneration of the oculomotor nerve in teleosts, urodeles, and anurans and of spinal fin nerves in teleosts (Sperry, 1946, 1947, 1950, 1965; Sperry & Deupree, 1956; Arora & Sperry, 1957a, 1964)

Migration, citizenship and belonging in Hyderabad (Deccan), 1946–1956

Whilst the history of the Indian diaspora after independence has been the subject of much scholarly attention, very little is known about non-Indian migrants in India. This paper traces the fate of Arabs, Afghans and other Muslim migrants after the forcible integration of the princely state of Hyderabad into the Indian Union in 1948. Because these non-Indian Muslims were doubly marked as outsiders by virtue of their foreign birth and their religious affiliation, the government of India wished to deport these men and their families. But the attempt to repatriate these people floundered on both political and legal shoals. In the process, many were left legally stateless. Nonetheless, migrants were able to creatively change the way they self-identified both to circumvent immigration controls and to secure greater privileges within India

The physical tourist. Physics in Glasgow: a heritage tour

I trace the history of the physical and applied sciences, and particularly physics, in Glasgow. Among the notable individuals I discuss are Joseph Black (1728-1799), James Watt (1736-1819), William John Macquorn Rankine (1820-1872), William Thomson, Lord Kelvin (1824-1907), John Kerr (1824-1907), Frederick Soddy (1877-1956), John Logie Baird (1888-1946), and Ian Donald (1910-1987), as well as physics-related businesses. The locations, centering on the city center and University of Glasgow, include sights both recognizable today and transformed from past usage, as well as museums and archives related to the history and interpretation of physics

H06-1637. Dethmers, John R. ( -2006). Papers, 1860-1944. 0.50 linear ft.

John R. Dethmers was born October 15, 1903, in Plessis, Iowa. He graduated from Hope College in 1924 and the University of Michigan Law School in 1927. Admitted to the Michigan Bar that same year, he began practicing law in Holland, Michigan. In addition, he was prosecuting attorney for Ottawa County, 1931 to 1938; chief assistant attorney general of Michigan 1943 to 1944; then Attorney General of Michigan, 1945-1946. In 1946, he was appointed to the Michigan Supreme Court. In 1956, he was named the first permanent chief justice, serving 1956-1962; then again from 1967-1971. He was a member of the American Bar Association, the American Judicature Society, and the National Conference of Chief Justices. He died November 1, 1971. Oversized materials are stored in the Oversized Horizontal Storage Cabinet

Influence de Stockhausen chez les compositeurs électroacoustiques québécois : Sondage courriel et entrevues

Quelle a été l’influence de la musique électroacoustique de Karlheinz Stockhausen sur la production québécoise de cette même discipline ? Un certain nombre de compositeurs québécois de différentes générations ont été sollicités afin de connaître leur avis sur la question : Kevin Austin (1948), Walter Boudreau (1947), Yves Daoust (1946), Jean-François Denis (1960), Marcelle Deschênes (1939), Francis Dhomont (1926), Gisèle Ricard (1944), Stéphane Roy (1959), Alain Thibault (1956). Aux réponses de ce groupe de compositeurs se sont ajoutés les commentaires et souvenirs de l’auteur.What influence did the electroacoustic music of Karlheinz Stockhausen have on musical production in this genre in Quebec? Various Quebec composers of different generations were asked this question: Kevin Austin (1948), Walter Boudreau (1947), Yves Daoust (1946), Jean-François Denis (1960), Marcelle Deschênes (1939), Francis Dhomont (1926), Gisèle Ricard (1944), Stéphane Roy (1959), Alain Thibault (1956). To these, the author adds his own comments and reminiscences

WCSA Reunion significant for Aggies

The West Central School of Agriculture classes of 1946, 1951, 1956 and 1961 are among those who will gather during the annual West Central School of Agriculture All-School Reunion set for Saturday, July 15, at the University of Minnesota, Morris

KIPRAH DR. JOHANNES LEIMENA SEBAGAI MENTERI KESEHATAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA TAHUN 1946-1956

This research is entitled “Dr. Johannes Leimena Role as Minister of Health in Republic of Indonesia from 1946 – 1956”. The main problems in this research is how does Dr. Leimena contribution and his policy succed in his regime from 1946 – 1956. The researchers formulated some problems taken in this study which are: first, how does Dr. Leimena historical background from early years till he chaired as Minister of Health? Second, how does his policy about health development impact on the Indonesia society in 1946 – 1956? Third, how does his policy make an impact to increasing public health in Indonesia from 1946 - 1956. This research use historical methods which is heuristic, critic and historiography. Based on the research, Dr. Leimena elected as Minister of Health in 1946 – 1956 is based on his capability in public health and his position in Parkindo, as chairman, the other reason is his closeness to certain Indonesian political figures. Some of Dr. Leimena Public health program is Malaria Control Program, Troponema Control Program to exterminates yaws disease, maternal and child program to decrease maternal death, and Bandung Plan as pioneer to healthcare program in countryside area. There is several program that not succed during his regime such as extermination of leprosy disease, city sanitation program, Leimena Plan, and not succed increasing public health apparatus such as doctor and building hostpital. The impact of Dr. Leimena public health program is decreasing victim from certain plague, increasing maternal and child health, development of health studies, increasing people awareness about public health, and the rise of Puskesmas from the further development of Bandung Plan. ;---Skripsi ini berjudul “Kiprah Dr. Johannes Leimena sebagai Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Tahun 1946-1956”. Masalah utama dalam skripsi ini ialah bagaimana kontribusi dan keberhasilan kebijakan Dr. Johannes Leimena selama menjadi Menteri Kesehatan RI tahun 1946-1956. Untuk menjabarkan masalah utama dalam skripsi ini, peneliti membatasi fokus kajian ke dalam tiga pertanyaan penelitian yaitu 1) Bagaimana latar belakang kehidupan Johannes Leimena hingga menjabat sebagai Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia tahun 1946-1956. 2) Bagaimana kebijakan pembangunan kesehatan Dr. Johannes Leimena terkait berbagai permasalahan kesehatan masyarakat Indonesia tahun 1946-1956. 3) Bagaimana dampak dari kebijakan Menteri Kesehatan Dr. Johannes Leimena terhadap peningkatan kesehatan Indonesia tahun 1946-1956. Penulisan skripsi ini menggunakan metode penelitian historis yaitu heuristik, kritik, dan historiografi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, Dr. Johannes Leimena terpilih menjadi menteri kesehatan tahun 1946-1956 dilatarbelakangi kemampuannya di bidang kesehatan, kedudukannya sebagai Ketua Parkindo, dan kedekatannya dengan beberapa tokoh politik. Program peningkatan kesehatan Dr. Johannes Leimena diantaranya Malaria Control Program, Troponema Control Program dalam memberantas frambusia, pendirian BKIA dalam menurunkan angka kematian ibu dan anak, serta Bandung Plan sebagai pelopor layanan kesehatan primer masyarakat desa. Adapula program yang tidak mencapai target perencanaan diantaranya pemberantasan penyakit kusta yang masih belum merata, sanitasi kota yang gagal, Leimena Plan yang kurang menyesuaikan dengan kemampuan beberapa wilayah di Indonesia, peningkatan jumlah dokter dan rumah sakit yang meningkat namun belum memenuhi kebutuhan layanan kesehatan penduduk Indonesia. Dampak program peningkatan kesehatan Dr. Johannes Leimena diantaranya menurunnya beberapa wabah penyakit, meningkatnya kesehatan ibu dan anak, berkembangnya ilmu kesehatan, timbulnya kesadaran pentingnya hidup sehat, munculnya Puskesmas perkembangan dari Bandung Plan