Risk of COVID-19 infection among prison staff in the United States

Background: Multiple large outbreaks of COVID-19 have been documented in prisons and jails across regions of the world, with hazardous environmental conditions amplify the risks of exposure for both incarcerated people and correctional staff. The objectives of this study are to estimate the cumulative prevalence of COVID-19 cases among U.S. prison staff over time and compare it to the prison inmate population and the general U.S. population, overall, and to examine risk of COVID-19 infection among prison staff across jurisdictions. Methods: We use publicly available data (April 22, 2020 to January 15, 2021) to estimate COVID-19 crude case rates per 1000 with 95% confidence intervals over the study period for prison staff, incarcerated population, and general population. We also compare COVID-19 case rates between prison staff and the general population within jurisdictions. Results: Over the study period, prison staff have reported consistently higher rates of COVID-19 compared to the general population, with prison staff case rates more closely mirroring the incarcerated population case rates. The rolling 7-day average case rates for prison staff, prison population, and general population on January 15, 2021 were 196.04 per 1000 (95%CI 194.81, 197.26), 219.16 (95%CI 218.45, 219.86), and 69.80 (95%CI 69.78, 69.83), respectively. There was substantial heterogeneity across jurisdictions, yet in 87% of study jurisdictions, the risk of COVID-19 was significantly greater among prison staff than the general state population. Conclusions: Targeting staff for COVID-19 mitigation strategies is essential to protect the health of people who intersect with the correctional system and to flatten the curve in the surrounding communities

Background of New Mexico Hispanic Literature

The present study attempts to present key aspects of the overall ambiance from whence emerged a large and diverse body of Hispanic writings in New Mexico. Socio-cultural factors are emphasized within their respective historical context and numerous examples are provided to substantiate the assertions, including linguistic terminologies influenced by the commingling. The central focus is to target self-referentiality as a means to reach an early literary consciousness that is at times in opposition with mainstream New Spain or what was commonly known as accounts or cr6nicas from Tenochti tlan or Mexico city. The articulation of such a consciousness is demonstrated through various texts, thus positing a distinctive narrative position by those who came into contact with the region of New Mexico, and setting the stage for some basic differences. This process of contestatory manifestations (oral or written) is alluded to to indicate the degree of awareness on the part of Hispanic peoples of their circumstance. Another aspect that receives some critical reflexion is the role of newspapers in general and particularly as they proliferated in the latter part of the nineteenth century. Again, the situation of New Mexico is highlighted and the Las Vegas area is of especial interest. From this, discussion pertaining to the creation of a Las Vegas Renaissance is outlined and the founding of a large number of mutual aid societies is examined. The latters\u27 role in promoting literature is of keen interest. From this social backdrop, a number of brief intertextual observations are made in specific works to underscore the element of self-referentiality. The last section of the study is dedicated exclusively to one work, Historia de un cautivo by Porfirio Gonzales. Through the analysis of this novella, I attempt to show how its entertaining qualities are coupled with social concerns vis-a-vis the coming of a new century. While the short novel might deal with a romantic subject of captivity, its discursive implications suggest other considerations in preparations for the changing times. Published in UNM Press book entitled Nuevomexicano Cultural Legacy: Forms, Agencies and Discourse

October 20, 1972

The Breeze is the student newspaper of James Madison University in Harrisonburg, Virginia

Handling Information Overload on Usenet : Advanced Caching Methods for News

Usenet is the name of a world wide network of servers for group communication between people. From 1979 and onwards, it has seen a near exponential growth in the amount of data transported, which has been a strain on bandwidth and storage. There has been a wide range of academic research with focus on the WWW, but Usenet has been neglected. Instead, Usenet's evolution has been dominated by practical solutions. This thesis describes the history of Usenet in a growth perspective, and introduces methods for collection and analysis of statistical data for testing the usefulness of various caching strategies. A set of different caching strategies are proposed and examined in light of bandwidth and storage demands as well as user perceived performance. I have shown that advanced caching methods for news offers relief for reading servers' storage and bandwidth capacity by exploiting usage patterns for fetching or pre\-fetching articles the users may want to read, but it will not solve the problem of near exponential growth nor the problems of Usenet's backbone peers

The BG News September 7, 1999

The BGSU campus student newspaper September 7, 1999. Volume 84 - Issue 10https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/bg-news/7516/thumbnail.jp

WiFi Miner: An online apriori and sensor based wireless network Intrusion Detection System

This thesis proposes an Intrusion Detection System, WiFi Miner, which applies an infrequent pattern association rule mining Apriori technique to wireless network packets captured through hardware sensors for purposes of real time detection of intrusive or anomalous packets. Contributions of the proposed system includes effectively adapting an efficient data mining association rule technique to important problem of intrusion detection in a wireless network environment using hardware sensors, providing a solution that eliminates the need for hard-to-obtain training data in this environment, providing increased intrusion detection rate and reduction of false alarms. The proposed system, WiFi Miner, solution approach is to find frequent and infrequent patterns on pre-processed wireless connection records using infrequent pattern finding Apriori algorithm also proposed by this thesis. The proposed Online Apriori-Infrequent algorithm improves the join and prune step of the traditional Apriori algorithm with a rule that avoids joining itemsets not likely to produce frequent itemsets as their results, thereby improving efficiency and run times significantly. A positive anomaly score is assigned to each packet (record) for each infrequent pattern found while a negative anomaly score is assigned for each frequent pattern found. So, a record with final positive anomaly score is considered as anomaly based on the presence of more infrequent patterns than frequent patterns found