In vitro Regeneration, Antioxidant Potential, and Genetic Fidelity Analysis of Asystasia gangetica (L.) T.Anderson

An effective protocol for the plant regeneration via direct and indirect organogenesis has been developed from leaf explants of Asystasia gangetica (L.), cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations and combinations of auxin and cytokinins. Approximately 86% of explants produced direct shoots on MS medium containing 0.5 mg L-1 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 10 μg L-1 Triacontanol (TRIA) with a maximum of 4.82 ± 0.29 shoots per leaf segment. For production of callus-mediated plantlets (indirect), primarily callus was induced on MS medium containing 2 mg L-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), which was then subcultured on medium with 0.1 mg L-1 naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 0.5 mg L-1 BA, and 1 to 8 mg L-1 2-isopentenyl adenine (2iP) in order to develop organogenic callus and subsequent shoot induction. A maximum of 6.84 ± 0.05 shoots per callus clump was obtained on MS media supplemented with 4 mg L-1 2iP, 0.5 mg L-1 BA, and 0.1 mg L-1 NAA. The shootlets produced roots when cultured on half-strength MS media supplemented with 2 mg L-1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). In vitro propagated plantlets were hardened on soil rite and acclimatized to field condition with 85% survivability. The chlorophyll content of acclimatized plants was comparable with that of the mother plant, while stomatal micromorphology of regenerated plants exhibited no abnormalities. The radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of leaves were measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), and phosphomolybdenum test. In all experiments, regenerated plants exhibited enhanced antioxidant potential indicating micropropagated plants could be exploited for isolation of novel biomolecules. Further, the genetic homogeneity of acclimatized plants was confirmed by PCR-based start codon targeted (SCoT) markers and ycf1b DNA barcoding primers which exhibited monomorphic bands identical to the normal mother plant and no variations were observed

An Energy Efficient Optimal Path Selection Technique for IoT Using Genetic Algorithm

In the real world, it is essential to establish efficient routes in the internet of things (IoT) since sensor nodes operate mainly on battery and have limited energy. An energy efficient optimal routing technique is proposed to find an optimal path from source to destination. The proposed work obtains the optimal path by selecting an efficient cluster head in the homogeneous IoT network. GA is an optimisation technique that is integrated into the proposed work to achieve the optimal routing benefit. The proposed fitness function enables determining the optimal directions in selecting the multipath routing while exchanging messages from all positions in the network. Extensive mapping of genetic algorithm to proposed IoT routing is presented. Since the proposed method selects an optimal path from source cluster head to the sink, this reduces an energy consumption and improvises the overall network lifetime. The validity of the proposed algorithm is evaluated in the MATLAB and results generate superiority while considering parameters such as energy consumption, end to end delay and number of failed nodes

Near-infrared nonlinear optical characteristics of silver nanoparticles embedded borate glasses activated with Sm3+ ions: Effect of heat treatment

The impact of heat treatment on the nonlinear optical (NLO) features of silver nanoparticle–embedded Sm3+ ion–containing glasses prepared by the melt–quench method has been investigated and discussed in detail. The NLO coefficients were assessed by the Z–scan method in the near-infrared spectral region using femtosecond, MHz laser pulses. The magnitude of different NLO coefficients, such as two–photon absorption (β) and nonlinear refractive index (n2), have been shown to be elevated with the heat treatment. Typically, at 800 nm excitation, the two–photon absorption coefficient increased from 0.816 × 10-11 m/W to 1.282 × 10-11 m/W, and the n2 values increased from 1.896 × 10-19 m2/W to 2.376 × 10-19 m2/W as the heat treatment duration was increased from 10 to 25 h. This improvement in the NLO properties was ascribed to the local field effects stimulated by the silver nanoparticles. The obtained results suggest that the investigated glasses serve as good hosts for fabricating devices such as optical switches and limiters

Canonical Concepts of Content Management – Prospects in Retrospect

Content is the indispensable essence of information. In communication of information, content delivery in right format implies receivers' acceptance of the communication. The content creation precedes content development and management. One of the primary functions of LIS professionals has been in the vocation of content creation, development and its management since long time, and been the objective of its preservation for posterity. Documentation in early 1960s emerged as a technique in this regard and the LIS professional imbibed and practicing it, though with changes in its scope and innovative techniques. The growth of information exploded with varieties of forms of content which is conceived as one of the components of the ‘Document' which identified new functions “documentation work and service”. Since the invention of movable type of printing and to the advent of the Internet and WWW that has been extended to new formats – hypermedia and digital content, the function of content development and management has become part and parcel of LIS professionals. So in this paper, the author provides an account of generic view of content development and its management and the future prospects in store for the LIS professionals

Characterizing Nonlocality of Pure Symmetric Three-Qubit States

We explore nonlocality of three-qubit pure symmetric states shared between Alice, Bob and Charlie using the Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt (CHSH) inequality. We make use of the elegant parametrization in the canonical form of these states, proposed by Meill and Meyer (Phys Rev A 96:062310, 2017) based on Majorana geometric representation. The reduced two-qubit states, extracted from an arbitrary pure entangled symmetric three-qubit state, do not violate the CHSH inequality, and hence, they are CHSH-local. However, when Alice and Bob perform a CHSH test, after conditioning over measurement results of Charlie, nonlocality of the state is revealed. We have also shown that two different families of three-qubit pure symmetric states, consisting of two and three distinct spinors (qubits), respectively, can be distinguished based on the strength of violation in the conditional CHSH nonlocality test. Furthermore, we identify six of the 46 classes of tight Bell inequalities in the three-party, two-setting, two-outcome, i.e., (3,2,2) scenario (López-Rosa et al. in Phys Rev A 94:062121, 2016). Among the two inequivalent families of three-qubit pure symmetric states, only the states belonging to three distinct spinor class show maximum violations of these six tight Bell inequalities

Photocatalytic and Photosensitization Reactions of Surface Modified W6+ and N3? Doped TiO2 with Curcumin/potassium Curcuminate Molecules

Curcumin and potassium curcuminate molecules were anchored on W6+ and N3 doped TiO2 catalyst (WNT) surface by wet impregnation method and were designated as Cur-WNT and K3Cur-WNT. The XPS and FTIR techniques confirm the surface anchoring of curcumin and potassium curcuminate molecules on the surface of WNT through enolate linkage. K3Cur-WNT catalyst possesses multiple charge trapping states involving dopant energy levels, inherently created defect levels/surface states. Hence the mean free path of the photogenerated electrons is decreased in this catalyst by trapping and detrapping events. The energy band positions of valence band (EVB), conduction band (ECB) and Fermi energy (EF) were determined from the electronegativity values of the atoms present in the catalyst sample and also from the valence band X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (VBXPS) studies. Energetically the position of conduction band (CB) and W 5d dopant energy levels were found to be located below the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of curcumin and potassium curcuminate molecules in Cur-WNT and K3Cur-WNT samples. This suitable excited singlet energy band position (S1) of sensitizer molecule facilitates the electron transfer process to the CB/W 5d energy levels of the WNT catalyst. The accumulated electrons in CB/W6+ dopant energy level influence the position of EF within the band gap. The observed higher quantum efficiency of K3Cur-WNT sample compared to all the other catalysts can be accounted to the narrowed band gap, generated shallow traps, reduced particle size, enhanced photosensitivity and its higher capability in generating reactive singlet oxygen species

Temperature effect on molecular rotational dynamics of NMBHC-2-one in ethanol and octanol solvents

Rotational reorientation dynamics of NMBHC-2-One has been studied in ethanol and octanol solvents by varying temperature using picosecond time-resolved spectroscopy. Experimental rotational reorientation time shows NMBHC-2-One experiences higher friction in octanol than ethanol. Qualitative analysis using SED, GW, and DKS mechanical frictions theories has been performed. The theoretical measured reorientation times of NMBHC-2-One fails to explain the observed experimental values, it enables us to test dielectric friction theories. © 2021 Author(s)

Synthesis and Crystal Structure Analysis of Acridine Derivatives

The title compounds were synthesised by the reaction of substituted benzaldehyde with dimedone in presence of liquid ammonia in a water–ethanol system. The yields of the synthesised products were 93 and 87%, respectively. Single crystals were obtained after chromatographic purification technique at the same temperature and under the same solvent conditions. The compounds 3a and 3b crystallize in orthorhombic and monoclinic crystal system in Iba2 and P21/c space groups. The aryl rings of both compounds 3a and 3b are oriented orthogonal to the plane of the pyridine ring with dihedral angles of 86.61° and 87.28°, respectively. The central pyridine ring of compounds 3a and 3b takes the shape of a boat and planar conformation, respectively. Crystal structures are stabilized by N–H⋅⋅⋅O, C–H⋅⋅⋅O and C–H⋅⋅⋅F intermolecular interactions. Compound 3a is stabilized by hydrogen bonds, whereas compound 3b is stabilized only by weak intermolecular interactions

Comparative Economic Analysis of Organic and Conventional Farming in Karnataka

Farmers adopted organic farming, a sustainable agriculture method, considering economic, environmental and health concerns. Economic analysis of organic and conventional farming was carried out, focussing on ragi and maize. Conventional farming showed a higher yield per acre (ragi 16 and maize 19 q) as compared to organic farming (ragi 14 and maize 17 q), but the difference was marginal. Costs and returns analysis showed a return-cost ratio of 2.32 for ragi under organic farming and 2.88 for conventional. The ratio for maize was 1.96 and 1.84, respectively, under organic and conventional farming. Considering the marginal difference of returns and accruing environmental benefits, organic farming needs to be promoted for achieving sustainable agriculture