Life Time Maximization of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Ad Hoc Networks

In this paper, we address the problem of energy efficient routing in homogeneous and heterogeneous wireless ad hoc networks aiming at maximize the network lifetime. We define the network lifetime as the number of transmissions the node can perform until the first node fails due to battery exhaustion. In static networks we find a routing (spanning) tree which maximizes the network lifetime without tree update. We have proposed a Global weighted incremental power model and Global weighted post sweep for extending the life time of heterogeneous wireless ad hoc wireless network that gives better performance than the WBIP (Weighted Broadcast Incremental Protocol) implementation. We consider the amount of energy the node has compared to the maximum energy in network as the parameter in the cost metric function for constructing a efficient routing tree

Synthesis, characterization, in vitro biological evaluation and molecular docking studies of newly synthesized mononuclear lanthanum(III) complexes of N,N'-bis(2-aminoethyl)oxamide and phenanthroline bases

Four lanthanum(III) complexes were newly synthesized using the ligand N,N'-bis(2-aminoethyl)oxamide (1) and phenanthroline bases [La(oxae)2(NO3)2](NO3) (2) [La(oxae)(bpy)](NO3)3 (3), [La(oxae)(phen)](NO3)3 (4) and [La(oxae)2(dppz)](NO3)3 (5) and characterized by 1H-NMR, IR, UV–Visible spectroscopic analyses, ESI-Mass spectrometric measurements, molar conductivities, and cyclic voltammetric measurements. Complex 2 was found to be 1:1 electrolyte and complexes 3, 4 and 5 were 1:3 electrolytes. The redox ehavior of the complexes was confirmed by cyclic voltammetry. The interactions of 1 and its complexes (2, 3, 4 and 5) with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) were studied by UV–Visible absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetric studies, viscosity measurements and molecular docking studies. The studies confirmed the highest binding propensity for complex 5 (Kb = 2.26 × 106 ± 7) in the reduced state through the intercalation method. Molecular docking studies revealed that complex 5 was found to bind strongly with the DNA molecule due to intercalation with a more negative binding energy ΔG = - 8.6 kcal/mol having an association constant (Ka) = 0.892 µM. The oxidative cleavage of SC pUC19 DNA by La(III) complexes was confirmed by the Agarose gel electrophoresis method. Of all the compounds tested, complex 5 exhibited the highest cleavage ability (94%) in the presence of H2O2 in the major groove region. The MTT assay revealed the highest antiproliferative activity of complex 5 against MCF-7 cell lines at IC50 value is 21.86 µM. The complexes have been tested for antibacterial activities wherein at 50 µg mL−1, complex 5 inhibits the growth of K. pneumonia and at 100 µg mL−1, ligand oxae (1) and its complex 2 were active against E. coli and K. pneumonia; complex 4 inhibited the growth of E. coli, K. pneumonia and B. subtilis. The antioxidant activities showed that complex 2 had the highest chelation ability towards Fe2+. © 2022 Elsevier B.V

Evaluation of strength properties of hybrid fiber (Plastic + Coir + areca nut husk) reinforced concrete

In construction industry, concrete is used entirely in the world. The production of waste increases as the development of infrastructure increases. The waste disposal is becoming waste management problem. This targets to promote recycling of waste and energy recover is one of the significant applications of the work in the construction industry. In the present investigation, the influence of plastic + Coir + Areca nut husk fibers are studied. the fiber varying percentages are 0.5% to 3.0% at interval of 0.5% by weight of cement. M-20 fiber reinforced concrete is studied for various strength like flexural, compressive and split tensile strengths. Tests are determined as per Indian Standard codes. The tested results are compared with normal concrete. From the results, it is observed that strength of concrete increases due to addition of fibers. Addition of Fiber of 1.5% shows the best increase in strength. It was found that the proposed waste plastic + Coir + Areca nut husk fiber can be used in construction industry leading to safe and economical disposal of the wastes. © BEIESP

Petrodollar and World Economy

The quadrupling of the oil price by the OPEC in 1973 was a poignant event in the post-war development of the world economy. Which measures and mechanisms conduced to the international income redistribution necessitated by the hoisting of the oil prices in the past five years