Observational Evidence Points at AGB Stars as Possible Progenitors of CEMP-s and CEMP-r/s Stars

The origin of enhanced abundance of heavy elements observed in the surface chemical composition of carbonenhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars still remains poorly understood. Here, we present detailed abundance analysis of seven CEMP stars based on high-resolution (R ∼ 50,000) spectra that reveal enough evidence of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars being possible progenitors for these objects. For the objects HE 0110−0406, HE 1425 −2052, and HE 1428−1950, we present for the first time a detailed abundance analysis. Our sample is found to consist of one metal-poor ([Fe/H] < −1.0) and six very metal-poor ([Fe/H] < −2.0) stars with enhanced carbon and neutron-capture elements. We have critically analyzed the observed abundance ratios of [O/Fe], [Sr/Ba], and [hs/ls] and examined the possibility of AGB stars being possible progenitors. The abundance of oxygen estimated in the program stars is characteristic of AGB progenitors except for HE 1429−0551 and HE 1447+0102. The estimated values of [Sr/Ba] and [hs/ls] ratios also support AGB stars as possible progenitors. The locations of the program stars in the absolute carbon abundance A(C) versus [Fe/H] diagram, along with the Group I objects, hint at the binary nature of the object. We have studied the chemical enrichment histories of the program stars based on abundance ratios [Mg/C], [Sc/Mn], and [C/Cr]. Using [C/N] and 12C/13C ratios, we have examined whether any internal mixing had modified their surface chemical compositions. Kinematic analysis shows that the objects HE 0110−0406 and HE 1447+0102 are thick-disk objects and the remaining five objects belong to the halo population of the Galaxy. Unified Astronomy Thesaurus concepts: Population II star

Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial Activity Screening, and Molecular Docking Study of Pyrimidine Carbonitrile Derivatives

The present work describes the synthesis of 4-amino-6-(2-benzylidenehydrazinyl)-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile derivatives, 4-amino-6-[(2-phenylethyl)amino]pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile, and 4-amino-6-(piperidin-1- yl)pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile. The compounds were characterized by FT-IR and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. All the compounds were evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial activity against different bacterial and fungal strains. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of all the compounds were validated. 4-Amino-6-[2-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)hydrazinyl]pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile and 4-amino-6-(piperidin-1-yl)- pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile, which have the lowest MIC values were selected for cell leakage analysis and bacterial growth curve study. It was found that both the compounds have potential to induce bacterial cell membrane rupture and disintegration. Field emission scanning electron microscopic analysis confi rmed the effect of the selected compounds on the morphology of both Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria. The mechanism of interaction between the drug and the target protein of S. aureus and E. coli was studied by molecular dockin

Density maximum and finite Darcy-Prandtl number outlooks on Gill's stability problem subject to a lack of thermal equilibrium

The Gill stability problem encompasses the investigation of stability of natural convection flow in a vertical porous layer governed by Darcy's law under a local thermal equilibrium (LTE) perspective and was proved analytically by Gill [Gill, J. Fluid Mech. 35, 545-547 (1969)] that the flow is always stable. The present study deals with the simultaneous influence of the Darcy-Prandtl number and the density maximum property on Gill's stability problem subject to a lack of thermal equilibrium. The density variation with fluid temperature is assumed to be pure quadratic, and it is established that the linear stability of the basic state for a three-dimensional problem can be Squire-Transformed. It is observed that Gill's proof of linear stability cannot be extended to the present model and hence we approached numerically by evaluating the growth rate of normal mode perturbations. The neutral stability curves are obtained, and the critical parameters at the onset of instability are determined. Even though the isolation presence of time-dependent velocity term and the density maximum property evidence the basic flow to be stable for all infinitesimal perturbations, their simultaneous occurrence induces instability under certain parametric conditions. The finite range of values of the scaled interphase heat transfer coefficient within which the flow is stable is found to increase with increasing Darcy-Prandtl number but vanishes with increasing porosity-modified conductivity ratio. Moreover, the basic state becomes stable when the Darcy-Prandtl number is larger than 7.08. The results of LTE model are delineated as a particular case from the present study. © 2021 Author(s)

Minimal Block Knight’s Tour and Edge with LSB Pixel Replacement Based Encrypted Image Steganography

The data security of an information is predominant in the digital world and gaining lot of importance. Cryptography and steganography are widely used in providing security to an information. In the proposed algorithm, the image encryption and steganography are performed using Knight’s move in the game of chess called Knight’s Tour Algorithm. Minimum block or square required for a knight’s tour to reach all the squares is 5× 5 block. The 5× 5 blocks’ pattern generated is used for image encryption. The encrypted image is then embedded into another image and block shuffling is performed to obtain a crypto-stego image. Proposed algorithm is robust and provides high data security with a good PSNR and SSIM

An Ontology-Based Semantic Approach for First Aid Prediction in Aviation Services Incorporating RBFNN Over a Cloud Server

Mid-air medical emergencies can prove to be fatal if appropriate infrastructure is not established in aircrafts. The alarmingly increasing rates of heart attacks around the world pose a huge threat of life endangerment anywhere and anytime. Especially when the passengers are at high altitudes, the airline crew despite being trained may not always be prepared to deal with the worst of unexpected situations. Since such cases need to be dealt in a very prompt and appropriate manner, an arrangement has to be made to receive swift external medical help whenever required. This paper draws attention upon telemedicine in the aviation sector, and how emergencies are handled mid-air. Internet of things plays a major role in virtually connecting the ailing patient with a specialist doctor, who would in turn suggest life-saving measures through remote diagnosis. In order to lessen the diagnosis time and speed up the

Deep learning algorithm for video saliency object detection using 3d dwt with set partition integer hierarchical tree list

In this work detection of salient objects in image and video sequences with higher accuracy, faster processing speed and reduced computation complexity is designed using deep learning algorithm. 3 Dimensional (3D) Discrete Wavelet Transform is combined with Set Partition Integer Hierarchical Tree List (SPIHTL) encoding methods for identifying self-similarity coefficients of the salient object to be detected. Deep learning algorithm with seven layers is proposed in this invention that processes the quantized wavelet sub bands obtained after 2-level 3D inverse DWT reconstruction process detects the optimum number of features representing salient objects in the input data. An apparatus for evaluation of proposed method for salient object detection is designed in this invention that reconstructs the image from the features. Evaluation metrics are identified for measuring the performance of the proposed methods in this invention and are compared with traditional methods. The measure of PSNR and MSE for 120 different data sets of various dimensions and orientations demonstrates an improvement of 12%-18% in PSNR measurement as compared with existing methods. © 2021, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics. All rights reserved

VEDSDA: Voronoi Encryption and Decryption for Secure Data Aggregation in WSNs

The various application in Wireless Sensor Networks fascinated towards minimal and secure data transmission. In this paper, VEDSDA protocol is proposed to achieve reduction of data redundancy, data length and providing security for data transmission. The VEDSDA protocol used compression technique to reduce data length which helps to utilize less energy consumption. The data compression technique involves leveling, encoding and decoding phases. Levelling phase converts data to logical data where as encoding phase compress the data size at the source node and decoding phase decompress the data size at the destination. The voronoi diagram concept is used to encrypt and decrypt aggregated data. Thus, VEDSDA protocol is compared with existing protocol and proves better enhancement

Sentiment Analysis for E-Commerce Products Using Natural Language Processing

Sentiment analysis is one of the ways to evaluate the attitude of consumers towards products and services. E-commerce businesses have grown to a larger level in recent years. Customers' opinions and preferences are collected to analyze them further to boost online businesses. Collecting real-time structured and unstructured data and performing sentiment analysis on them are challenging and need to be addressed. We have used PySpark, and resilient distributed dataset (RDD) based sentiment analysis using Spark NLP to address scalability and availability issues in sentiment analysis on the e-commerce platform. We have also used FLASK-based Restful APIs and Scrapy for web scrapping to collect useful data from an e-commerce site. Our findings indicate that the proposed method of Natural Language Processing (NLP) for e-commerce products in real-time has enhanced efficiency in terms of scalability, availability, and faster data collectio

Production of biogas from human faeces mixed with the co-substrate poultry litter & cow dung

In general, human faeces disposal in India is into open lands, nallahs and rivers without treatment and has very high content of nutrients, organic matter and pathogens. Human faeces can cause adverse environmental and health problems (due to pathogen contamination, odor etc.) in the absence of appropriate disposal methods. This study was carried out to compare the rate and amount of biogas produced from co-digestion of human faeces (HF) with poultry litter (PL) & cow dung (CD) under anaerobic conditions. A laboratory scale simulation digesters (D) was set up with three different proportions of substrate i.e D1–100% HF, D2- 50:50 HF+PL and D3- 40:60 HF+CD and the study carried out for 52 days at room temperature between 25 to 35 °C. In each case, the feedstock was diluted with equal volume of water to form slurry. The daily biogas production for each anaerobic digester was recorded using the water displacement method, and the corresponding cumulative biogas volume was calculated. The result obtained from this study shows that a total of 7.62 × 103 ml, 9.85 × 103 ml and 12.96 × 103 ml of biogas were produced from HF, HF+PL and HF+CD, respectively. Thus, the co-digestion of human faeces with cow dung (HF+CD) gave a better biogas production may be due to the maximum COD reduction and optimum C/N ratio as well as fast bacterial action on cow dung relative to the poultry litter and human faeces. Pathogen inactivation was inefficient after the anaerobic digestion of waste as the reduction in the number of E. coli and Enterobacteriaceae was only by one logarithmic unit The highest biogas yields were observed at pH 7.52, 7.9 and 7.63 for HF, HF+PL and HF+CD, respectively. The COD reductions were 42.97, 47.5 and 52.99%, for D1 (HF), D2 (HF+PL), and D3 (HF+CD) digesters, respectively. To control spread of human faeces disease and protect fragile environment, it can be used for biogas production, combustion as fuel, biochar production, in building materials and as a soil conditioner. © 2021 Elsevier B.V

Quantifcation of radon concentration in groundwater around abandoned Gogi uranium mineralized zone, Yadagir district, Karnataka, India

Radon activity concentrations have been measured by analysing a total of 93 bore well water samples, geographically spread over three taluks of Yadagir district. The analysis involved usage of Durridge’s RAD7 radon analyser equipment with RADH2O accessories by closed loop aeration concept. Having geometric mean concentrations of 37.0, 20.75 and 9.98 Bq/L, radon concentration in 5.71, 14.29 and 6.67% groundwater samples from Yadagir (8.88 Bq/L<Rn<160 Bq/L), Shahapur (1.98 Bq/L<Rn<591 Bq/L) and Surpur (0.586 Bq/L<Rn<206 Bq/L) taluks respectively exceeded the alternative maximum contaminant level (AMCL) of the USEPA (148 Bq/L). Nearly 15% of the groundwater samples had radon concentrations higher than WHO reference level of 100 Bq/L. The calculated total annual efective dose in 38.71, 44.09, and 55.92% of the samples respectively for infants, children and adults was not in consistent with WHO recommended dose level of 100 µSv/y