Understanding and adherence to hygiene and preventive measures in protection against infectious diseases among citizens

Uvod: Higijenske i preventivne mjere predstavljaju ključne alate u sprječavanju širenja zaraznih bolesti, osobito u kontekstu javnozdravstvenih izazova poput pandemije COVID-19. Uloga građana u pridržavanju preporučenih mjera od presudne je važnosti za učinkovitost javnozdravstvenih intervencija. Cilj: Cilj ovog diplomskog rada bio je ispitati razinu informiranosti, stavove i obrasce ponašanja vezane uz higijenske i preventivne mjere među graĎanima Republike Hrvatske, te identificirati moguće prepreke u njihovoj svakodnevnoj provedbi. Metode: Istraživanje je provedeno putem online anketnog upitnika u vremenskom periodu od 01.02.2025. do 15.03.2025.godine na prigodnom uzorku od 221 ispitanika različite dobi, spola, razine obrazovanja i mjesta stanovanja. Prikupljeni podaci analizirani su korištenjem deskriptivnih i inferencijalnih statističkih metoda. Rezultati: Rezultati su pokazali visoku razinu samoprocijenjene informiranosti i izraženo pozitivne stavove prema higijenskim mjerama. Većina ispitanika redovito pere ruke, koristi zaštitne maske i održava fizičku distancu. Nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike u stavovima i ponašanju među demografskim skupinama, što ukazuje na široku prihvaćenost preporuka u populaciji. Zaključak: Edukacija, jasna i kontinuirana komunikacija te jačanje povjerenja u zdravstvene institucije ključni su faktori u promicanju odgovornog zdravstvenog ponašanja. Dobiveni rezultati mogu poslužiti kao podloga za daljnje javnozdravstvene aktivnosti usmjerene na jačanje zdravstvene pismenosti i otpornosti zajednice.Introduction: Hygiene and preventive measures are key tools in preventing the spread of infectious diseases, especially in the context of public health challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The role of citizens in adhering to recommended measures is crucial for the effectiveness of public health interventions. Objective: The aim of this thesis was to examine the level of awareness, attitudes, and behavioral patterns related to hygiene and preventive measures among citizens of the Republic of Croatia, and to identify potential obstacles in their daily implementation. Methods: The research was conducted using an online questionnaire between February 1st and March 15th, 2025, on a convenience sample of 221 respondents of different ages, genders, education levels, and places of residence. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Results: The results showed a high level of self-assessed awareness and clearly positive attitudes toward hygiene measures. Most respondents reported regular handwashing, mask-wearing, and maintaining physical distance. No statistically significant differences in attitudes or behaviors were found among demographic groups, indicating a broad acceptance of the recommendations within the population. Conclusion: Education, clear and continuous communication, and the strengthening of trust in health institutions are key factors in promoting responsible health behavior. The results of this study may serve as a basis for future public health activities aimed at improving health literacy and community resilience

Utilization of VTOL UnManned Aerial Vehicle with PPK Module for Geospatial Data Acquisition

U ovom radu prikazana je primjena bespilotne VTOL (Vertical Takeoff and Landing) letjelice u svrhu prikupljanja geoprostornih podataka za potrebe geodetskih mjerenja. Istraživanje je provedeno na području katastarske općine Fuka, na površini većoj od 100 hektara, pri čemu je snimanje obavljeno u vremenskom razdoblju od jednog sata i trideset minuta. Primijenjena je metoda fotogrametrije u kombinaciji sa satelitskim određivanjem kontrolnih točaka pomoću (Global Navigation Satellite System ) GNSS prijemnika. Uz tehnički aspekt, u radu je prikazan i postupak usklađivanja s važećom pravnom regulativom, uključujući ishođenje odobrenja za snimanje iz zraka pri Državnoj geodetskoj upravi te rezervaciju zračnog prostora kod Hrvatske kontrole zračne plovidbe. Korišten je Marlyn Cobalt (Vertical Take-Off and Landing ) VTOL dron sa Septentrio (Post Processing Kinematic ) PPK modulom i kamerom Sony RX1RII, dok su za obradu podataka primijenjeni softverski alati Pix4D i 3D Survey. Dobiveni rezultati potvrđuju visoku točnost i učinkovitost korištenja bespilotnih sustava, čime je potvrđena njihova primjenjivost u svakodnevnim geodetskim poslovima. Također su analizirana ograničenja i izazovi povezani s ovakvim načinom rada. Posebno je važno istaknuti da je čitav projekt izveden u skladu s važećim zakonodavnim okvirom. Prikazan je postupak ishođenja odobrenja za snimanje iz zraka od strane Državne geodetske uprave te rezervacija zračnog prostora pri Hrvatskoj kontroli zračne plovidbe, što potvrđuje nužnost poznavanja regulatornih aspekata u operativnoj primjeni bespilotnih sustava. Time je potvrđeno da pored tehničkih kompetencija, uspješna provedba ovakvih projekata zahtijeva i administrativnu usklađenost.This paper presents the application of an unmanned Vertical Takeoff and Landing (VTOL) aerial vehicle for geospatial data acquisition in geodetic surveying. The research was conducted within the cadastral municipality of Fuka, covering an area of more than 100 hectares, with data collection completed within a time frame of one hour and thirty minutes. The methodology employed combined photogrammetry with satellite-based positioning of control points using a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver. In addition to the technical aspects, the paper outlines the process of compliance with current legal and regulatory frameworks, including the acquisition of aerial survey approval from the State Geodetic Administration and the reservation of airspace through the Croatian Air Navigation Services. The Marlyn Cobalt VTOL drone equipped with a Septentrio Post-Processing Kinematic (PPK) module and a Sony RX1RII camera was utilized for data capture. Data processing was conducted using Pix4D and 3D Survey software tools. The results demonstrate a high degree of accuracy and efficiency in the use of unmanned aerial systems, thereby confirming their suitability for routine geodetic operations. Furthermore, the study analyzes the limitations and challenges associated with this method of data collection. It is essential to emphasize that the entire project was executed under the applicable legislative framework. The procedure for obtaining aerial survey approval from the State Geodetic Administration and airspace reservation through the Croatian Air Navigation Services is detailed, underscoring the necessity of understanding regulatory aspects in the operational deployment of unmanned systems. This confirms that, in addition to technical expertise, successful implementation of such projects also requires administrative compliance

Women in entrepreneurship and the challenges they face in the business world

Žene u poduzetništvu suočavaju se s brojnim izazovima koji proizlaze iz kulturnih, društvenih i ekonomskih okolnosti, a usprkos porastu broja žena u poslovnom svijetu, prepreke koje otežavaju njihov uspjeh i dalje postoje. Ovaj rad analizira te prepreke, uključujući diskriminaciju, društvene stereotipe, poteškoće u pristupu financijama i balansiranje privatnih i poslovnih obveza, s posebnim naglaskom na institucionalnu podršku i kulturne norme. Istraživanje se temelji na analizi žena poduzetnica u Hrvatskoj te na kvantitativnom istraživanju koje uključuje 190 ispitanica. Glavni cilj istraživanja bio je razmotriti specifične prepreke i izazove s kojima se žene suočavaju u poslovnom svijetu, kao i istražiti političke i institucionalne mjere koje bi mogle pomoći u njihovom prevladavanju. Istraživačka pitanja odnose se na društvene i kulturne norme koje oblikuju poslovne prilike za žene, na povezanost obiteljskih obveza s njihovim poslovanjem te na postojeće strategije podrške ženskom poduzetništvu. Rezultati istraživanja potvrđuju da se žene poduzetnice suočavaju s većim izazovima u poslovanju nego njihovi muški kolege, osobito zbog kulturnih normi, diskriminacije i stereotipa. Također, usklađivanje poslovnog života s obiteljskim obvezama predstavlja značajnu prepreku, dok političke i institucionalne mjere, poput povećanja financijske podrške i fleksibilnosti radnih uvjeta, mogu značajno smanjiti te barijere. Podrška ženskom poduzetništvu u obliku obrazovnih programa, mentorskih mreža i financijske pomoći također se smatra važnom za smanjenje prepreka. Istraživanje pokazuje da ženu poduzetnicu najviše podržava obitelj, ali da je i institucionalna i pravna pomoć važna za prevladavanje izazova. Ovaj rad naglašava važnost daljnjih inicijativa i strategija za smanjenje prepreka koje žene poduzetnice susreću i omogućuju im da u potpunosti iskoriste svoj potencijal. Preporučuje se nastavak razvoja jasnih i učinkovitih mjera podrške koje mogu pomoći u stvaranju ravnoteže u poslovnom sektoru i promicanju rodne ravnopravnosti.Women in entrepreneurship face numerous challenges stemming from cultural, social, and economic circumstances. Despite the increasing number of women in the business world, barriers that hinder their success still persist. This paper analyzes these obstacles, including discrimination, social stereotypes, difficulties in accessing finance, and balancing personal and professional responsibilities, with a particular focus on institutional support and cultural norms. The research is based on the analysis of women entrepreneurs in Croatia and a quantitative study involving 190 respondents. The main objective of the research was to examine the specific obstacles and challenges women face in the business world, as well to explore political and institutional measures that could help overcome them. The research questions address the social and cultural norms that shape business opportunities for women, the connection between family responsibilities and their business activities, and the existing strategies for supporting female entrepreneurship. The research results confirm that women entrepreneurs face greater challenges in business than their male counterparts, especially due to cultural norms, discrimination, and stereotypes. Furthermore, balancing business life and family responsibilities represents a significant barrier, while political and institutional measures, such as increased financial support and flexible working conditions, can significantly reduce those obstacles. Support for female entrepreneurship in the form of educational programs, mentoring networks, and financial assistance is also considered important for reducing barriers. The study shows that women entrepreneurs are mostly supported by their families, but institutional and legal support is also crucial for overcoming challenges. This paper emphasizes the importance of further initiatives and strategies to reduce the obstacles that women entrepreneurs encounter and enable them to fully utilize their potential. It is recommended to continue developing clear and effective support measures that can help create balance in the business sector and promote gender equality

Application of artificial intelligence in the process of creating computer animation and 3D models

Ovaj rad istražuje primjenu umjetne inteligencije (AI) u procesu izrade računalne animacije i 3D modeliranja, s naglaskom na tehničke, kreativne i društvene aspekte te transformacije. Analizirani su osnovni koncepti računalne animacije i modeliranja, povijesni razvoj tih disciplina, kao i uloga generativne umjetne inteligencije uključujući difuzijske i transformerske modele, u automatizaciji i unapređenju kreativnih procesa. Poseban fokus stavljen je na konkretne AI alate poput Stable Diffusiona, ComfyUI-a, ClaudeAI-ja, Meshy-a i Anything Worlda, koji omogućuju kreiranje slika, tekstura, animacija i 3D modela na temelju tekstualnih i vizualnih podataka. Uz to je predstavljena primjena umjetne inteligencije u standardnim programima za izradu kompjuterske grafike kao što su Blender, Unity i Autodesk. Rad naglašava prednosti, kao što su ubrzanje proizvodnje i proširenje kreativnih mogućnosti, ali ističe i izazove poput visokih troškova licenciranja, potrebe za snažnom računalnom opremom i tehničkim znanjem, kao i etičkih problema vezanih uz autorska prava i odgovornost za generirani sadržaj. Istraživanje pokazuje da trenutni AI alati još nisu sposobni potpuno zamijeniti ljudske autore, ali mogu značajno unaprijediti radne procese kroz hibridne modele suradnje. Zaključno, rad nudi uravnotežen prikaz potencijala i ograničenja umjetne inteligencije u kreativnoj industriji te potiče daljnju raspravu o budućnosti digitalne umjetnosti u doba automatizacije.This paper explores the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of computer animation and 3D modeling, with emphasis on the technical, creative, and societal dimensions of this transformation. It presents the fundamentals of animation and modeling, traces the historical development of these fields, and examines how generative AI particularly diffusion and transformer-based models contributes to the automation and enhancement of creative workflows. Special attention is given to specific AI tools such as Stable Diffusion, ComfyUI, ClaudeAI, Meshy, and Anything World, which facilitate the generation of images, textures, animations, and 3D models from textual and visual input. In addition, the application of artificial intelligence in standard computer graphics programs such as Blender, Unity, and Autodesk was presented. While highlighting benefits like faster content production and expansion of artistic potential, the paper also addresses key challenges such as high licensing costs, the demand for powerful hardware and advanced technical knowledge, as well as ethical concerns related to authorship and misuse of data. The findings indicate that current AI tools are not yet capable of fully replacing human creators, but they can significantly streamline production through hybrid collaboration models. In conclusion, the work offers a balanced perspective on both the opportunities and limitations of AI in the creative industry, and encourages further dialogue on the future of digital art in the age of automation

Influence of material type on attenuation in ultrasonic testing of welded joints

U ovom radu provedeno je ultrazvučno ispitivanje zavarenih spojeva i etalonskih uzoraka izrađenih od konstrukcijskog čelika S355J2+N i nehrđajućeg čelika X10CrNi18-10. Svaki materijal imao je po jedan zavareni spoj i jedan etalon s provrtima promjera 3 mm na različitim dubinama. Cilj rada bio je usporediti prigušenje ultrazvučnih valova između različitih materijala i frekvencija. Ispitivanja su provedena konvencionalnom metodom odjeka pomoću kutnih sondi od 60°, pri frekvencijama od 2 MHz i 4 MHz. Kalibracija je izvedena DAC metodom, a mjerenja su temeljena na usporedbi reflektiranih signala s referentnom krivuljom osjetljivosti. Rezultati pokazuju da je prigušenje izraženije u nehrđajućem čeliku, osobito pri višoj frekvenciji, što je u skladu s njegovom mikrostrukturom i normom HRN EN ISO 22825. Konstrukcijski čelik pokazao je manji gubitak intenziteta, uz bolju čitljivost signala. Zaključno, rad potvrđuje značaj materijala i frekvencije u ultrazvučnom ispitivanju te važnost pravilne kalibracije sustava za pouzdanu detekciju unutarnjih nepravilnosti.This paper presents ultrasonic testing of welded joints and reference samples made from structural steel S355J2+N and stainless steel X10CrNi18-10. Each material included one welded joint and one reference sample with 3 mm side-drilled holes at different depths. The aim of the study was to compare ultrasonic wave attenuation between the materials at different frequencies. Testing was conducted using the conventional pulse-echo method with 60° angle probes, at frequencies of 2 MHz and 4 MHz. Calibration was performed using the DAC (Distance Amplitude Correction) method, and signal evaluation was based on comparison with the reference sensitivity curve. Results show significantly higher attenuation in stainless steel, especially at higher frequency, which aligns with its austenitic microstructure and the requirements of standard HRN EN ISO 22825. Structural steel showed lower signal loss and clearer reflections. In conclusion, the study confirms the influence of material type and probe frequency on ultrasonic testing, as well as the importance of proper system calibration to ensure reliable detection of internal discontinuities

The influence of welding parameters in MAG welding of quench and tempering steel

U ovom diplomskom radu detaljno je opisan MAG postupak zavarivanja, svi dijelovi uređaja za MAG zavarivanje te način na koji utječu na proces zavarivanja. Također su opisani i plinovi i zaštitni praškovi te njihova funkcija kod zavarivanja. Opisani su i čelici za poboljšavanje i način na koji se provodi poboljšavanje takvih čelika nakon zavarivanja. Detaljno su opisani načini automatizacije MAG postupka zavarivanja, a fokus je stavljen na automate za zavarivanje na kojima se provodio eksperimentalni dio diplomskog rada. U eksperimentalnom dijelu diplomskog rada koristio se automat za zavarivanje Promo Tech Rail Bull uparen s Fronius uređajem za zavarivanje. Cilj eksperimenta bio je prikazati ovisnost jačine struje (s ostalim parametrima konstantnim) o izgledu, odnosno dimenzijama zavarenog spoja. Zavarivanje se provodilo MAG postupkom, a položaj zavarivanja bio je kutni PB položaj.This thesis describes MAG welding process in detail, all parts of MAG welders and the way they affect the welding process. Gases and flux cores and their function in welding are also described. Quench and tempered steels are also described, as well as the way in which quenching and tempering after welding is carried out. Methods of automating the MAG welding process are described in detail, and the focus is placed on welding track carriage on which the experimental part was carried out. In the experimental part of the thesis, a Promo Tech Rail Bull welding carriage was paired with a Fronius welder. The goal of the experiment was to show the dependence of current strength (all other parameters were constant) on the appearance and dimensions of the welded joint. Welding was carried out using the MAG process, and the weld type was fillet weld in PB welding position

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: pathophysiological basis and nursing care challenges

Akutni diseminirani encefalomijelitis (ADEM) je upalna demijelinizirajuća bolest središnjeg živčanog sustava koja se obično javlja kod djece i odraslih osoba mlađe i povezana je s encefalopatijom i multifokalnim lezijama mozga. Iako se smatra da ADEM nastaje nakon infekcije, etiologija je još uvijek nedovoljno poznata, kao i mehanizam nastanka. ADEM je često monofazni poremećaj, za razliku od drugih demijelinizirajućih poremećaja. Klinička slika značajno varira ovisno o tome da li je u podlozi nastanka bolesti infektivna bolest i koja, patofiziološki bolest podrazumijeva autoimunu reakciju spram mijelina dvama mehanizmima: molekularnom mimikrijom i nespecifičnom aktivacijom T limfocita. Klinička slika značajno varira ovisno o prisutnosti zarazne bolesti i dijelu mozga zahvaćenog demijelinizacijom. Glavni simptomi mogu uključivati promjene mentalnog stanja i piramidalne funkcije, cerebelarnu ataksiju, bilateralni optički neuritis, mijelitis, a povremeno i mijeloradikulopatiju i ekstrapiramidalne sindrome. Dijagnostika uključuje neurološko oslikavanje magnetskom rezonancijom i laboratorijske pretrage krvi i cerebrospinalne tekućine, kako bi se isključili potencijalni infektivni, primarno upalni, ali ne i demijelinizirajući procesi, neoplastični i genetski poremećaji. Iako ne postoji dovoljno studija kojima bi se nedvosmisleno odredilo specifično liječenje ADEM-a, ono se, temeljem preporuka stručnjaka u području, te prikaza slučajeva, provodi intravenskom primjenom visokih doza kortikosteroida (metilprednizolon; do 1000 mg/kg/dan), plazmaferezom i intravenskom aplikacijom imunoglobulina. Ukoliko je u podlozi bolesti infekcija, liječenje iste se provodi sukladno preporukama; a potporna terapija simptomatski (nadomještanje tekućine, sredstva za smirenje i drugo). Dugoročni ishodi su povoljni, postotak izlječenja visok, ali neki oboljeli imaju značajan morbiditet povezan s težinom akutne bolesti i/ili očituju neurokognitivne posljedice. Ovaj diplomski rad preglednog tipa prikazuje trenutno znanje o patogenezi, epidemiologiji, kliničkim značajkama, dijagnostičkoj procjeni, pristupima liječenju i ishodima u pedijatrijskom ADEM-u.Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that usually occurs in children and young adults and is associated with encephalopathy and multifocal brain lesions. Although ADEM is thought to occur after an infection, the etiology is still poorly understood, as well as the mechanism of its development. ADEM is often a monophasic disorder, unlike other demyelinating disorders. Pathophysiology involves autoimmune response directed towards myelin, by two distinct mechanisms: molecular mimicry and nonspecific activation of T lymphocytes. Clinical pictures vary significantly depending on underlying infectious disease and part of a brain affected by demyelination. Main symptoms may include changes in mental status and pyramidal function, cerebellar ataxia, bilateral optic neuritis, myelitis, and occasional myeloradiculopathy and extrapyramidal syndromes. Diagnosis includes neurological magnetic resonance imaging and laboratory tests of blood and cerebrospinal fluid, to exclude potential infectious, primarily inflammatory but not demyelinating processes, neoplastic and genetic disorders. Although there are not enough studies to unambiguously determine the specific treatment of ADEM, it is carried out, based on the recommendations of experts in the field and case reports, with the intravenous administration of high doses of corticosteroids (methylprednisolone; up to 1000 mg/kg/day), plasmapheresis and intravenous administration of immunoglobulin. If the underlying disease is an infection, treatment is carried out according to recommendations; and supportive therapy is symptomatic (fluid replacement, sedatives, etc.). Long-term outcomes are favorable, the cure rate is high, but some patients have significant morbidity related to the severity of the acute disease and/or manifest ongoing neurocognitive sequelae. This thesis presents the current knowledge on pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical features, diagnostic evaluation, treatment approaches, and outcomes in pediatric ADEM

The influence of welding parameters in TIG welding of aluminium alloys

Tema diplomskog rada je impulsno TIG zavarivanje aluminijske legure. Rad se sastoji od teoretskog i eksperimentalnog dijela. U teoretskom dijelu je prvotno predstavljen aluminij i svojstva koja ga čine značajnim tehničkim materijalom. U nastavku je navedena podjela aluminijskih legura uz pripadajuću analizu i mogućnosti optimiranja mehaničkih svojstava. Drugi dio teoretskog dijela obuhvaća zavarivanje aluminija i legura primjenom TIG zavarivanja uz naglasak na impulsni način. Uz opis procesa zavarivanja, zavarivačke opreme i parametara procesa; navedene su i najčešće greške u zavarenim spojevima kod aluminija i legura. U eksperimentalnom dijelu je provedeno TIG zavarivanje legure EN AW 1050. Ukupno je zavareno šest sučeljenih spojeva, pet klasičnim TIG načinom, jedan impulsnim TIG načinom. Nakon zavarivanja, provedeno je razorno ispitivanje savijanjem na licu i korijenu zavarenih spojeva. Na temelju teoretskih i eksperimentalnih saznanja, donesen je zaključak.This master's paper's primary focus is pulse TIG welding of an aluminium alloy. It consists of a theoretical and experimental part. The first topic in the theoretical part is aluminium and its properties that make it a crucial technical material. In the following, aluminium alloy classification is brought up as well as the possibilities that enhance optimization of mechanical properties. The second part of the theoretical part is based on TIG welding of aluminium and its alloys with regard to pulse TIG. With TIG welding process, equipment and parameter analysis, an additional research about frequent mistakes in aluminum and alloys welds has been conducted. In the experimental part, TIG welding of EN AW 1050 alloy has been carried out. In total, there were six butt welds. Five of them were carried out via conventional TIG and one was with pulse TIG. After welding, destructive testing, i.e., bending test was conducted on the face and root side of the welds. Based on theoretical and experimental insight, a conclusion was drawn

Homogenization of cadastral maps

Katastarski planovi koji su danas u službenoj uporabi nastali su pretežito grafičkom izmjerom tijekom 19. stoljeća. Izrađeni su najsuvremenijom tehnologijama i metodologijama u to doba, ali tada postignuta točnost danas više nije zadovoljavajuća. Katastar je postao višenamjenski i osim svoje osnovne porezne svrhe ima primjene u građevini, prostornom planiranju, zaštiti okoliša i mnogim drugim područjima. Precrtavanje katastarskih planova u digitalni zapis obavljeno 2000-ih godina nije bilo dovoljno kako bi se poboljšala njihova točnost, te je odlučeno kako će se morati napraviti homogenizacija katastarskih planova. U ovome radu analizirati će se pozadina i nastanak katastarskih planova, postupak njihove digitalizacije i poboljšanja, detaljno razraditi postupak homogenizacije te analizirati poboljšanje katastarskog plana ostvareno homogenizacijom na konkretnim primjerima.The cadastral maps that are today in official use were created mainly by graphical survey during the 19th century. They were made with the most advanced technologies and methodologies at the time, but the accuracy achieved then is no longer satisfactory today. The cadastre has become multifunctional and, in addition to its basic tax purpose, has application in construction, land planning, environmental protection and many other areas. The redrawing cadastral maps into a digital form was not enough to improve their accuracy, and it was decided that they would have to be homogenized. This paper will analyze the background and creation of cadastral maps, the process of their digitization and improvement, elaborate in detail the process of homogenization and analyze the improvement of the cadastral plan achieved by homogenization on concrete examples

Comparative Analysis of GIS Application in Spatial Planning: A Case Study of Ljubljana and Zagreb

Kroz ovaj rad provedeno je istraživanje primjene GIS tehnologija u prostornom planiranju grada Ljubljane i Zagreba. Naglasak je stavljen na usporedbu kvalitete, dostupnosti i razine uključenosti geoprostornih podataka prilikom urbanističkog planiranja i provođenja prostornih analiza. Kroz istraživanje i intervjue sa stručnjacima u oba grada, analizirana je točnost, pouzdanost i primjenjivost geoprostornih podataka u praksi, te utjecaj regulativa poput INSPIRE-a i nacionalnih zakona na njihovu kvalitetu i standardizaciju. Korištenjem javno dostupnih geoprostornih podataka, programa QGIS, buffer metode i OpenRouteService alata, provedena je prostorna analiza pristupačnosti javnog prometa u Ljubljani i Zagrebu, te vizualizacija rezultata provedene analize. Rezultati istraživanja omogućuju bolje razumijevanje prednosti, izazova i ograničenja GIS tehnologija, te nude smjernice za poboljšanje i razmjenu iskustava u praksi između gradova.This study explores the application of GIS technologies in spatial planning, with a focus on comparing the quality, availability and current level of integration of geospatial data in Ljubljana and Zagreb, in the context of urban planning and spatial analysis implementation. Through research and interviews with experts in both cities, the accuracy, reliability, and practical applicability of geospatial data were analyzed, along with the influence of regulations such as the INSPIRE directive and national laws on data quality and standardization. Using publicly available geospatial data, the QGIS software, buffer method, and OpenRouteService tools, a spatial analysis of public transport accessibility in Ljubljana and Zagreb was conducted, followed by visualization of the results. The findings provide a deeper understanding of the advantages, challenges, and limitations of GIS technologies and offer recommendations for improvement and knowledge exchange in urban planning practices