Business Analytics: definition, evolution, and application of predictive techniques in a Hardware Retail Company

Este trabajo aplicó técnicas de Business Analytics a datos simulados de una empresa B2B de hardware, analizando patrones de compra, segmentando clientes y prediciendo el abandono. Se observó una mayor frecuencia de compra en productos más económicos. Los modelos predictivos lograron precisiones moderadas (53 –59%), siendo útiles a pesar del desbalance de clases. La segmentación de clientes reveló perfiles diferenciados, como el Clúster 1, que son las empresas grandes y propensas a productos premium pero con mayor abandono. El precio fue el factor más influyente en el abandono, aportando insights valiosos para adaptar estrategias por sector y paísThis study uses Business Analytics on simulated B2B hardware data to analyze purchase behavior, customer segments, and churn. Lower-priced products had higher purchase frequency. Predictive models achieved moderate accuracy (53–59%) despite class imbalance. Clustering identified key profiles, such as Cluster 1—large firms ideal for premium products but with higher churn risk. Price emerged as the main churn factor, informing strategic decisions by sector and regionGrado en Economí

Strategic analysis of Securitas Direct: adaptation to the business environment

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis del entorno basado en la estrategia empresarial de Securitas Direct, una de las empresas líderes en el sector de la seguridad electrónica. Para lograr este objetivo, se ha empleado una metodología que combina el análisis de datos históricos y la revisión de estrategias internas de la empresa, así como su respuesta a los cambios en el entorno externo. La metodología empleada incluye una revisión exhaustiva de la historia y evolución de la empresa de Securitas Direct desde su fundación en 1988 hasta la actualidad. Se ha analizado cómo la empresa ha adaptado sus estrategias para mantener su liderazgo en el mercado, expandiendo su presencia a más de 17 países y atendiendo a millones de clientes en todo el mundo. Además, se ha examinado la estructura organizativa de la empresa, su modelo de funcionamiento y su posicionamiento en el mercado, con un enfoque particular en el mercado español. Los resultados principales del análisis revelan que Securitas Direct ha logrado su éxito gracias a una combinación de tecnología avanzada, atención al cliente personalizada y un compromiso con la sostenibilidad. La empresa ha demostrado una notable capacidad para adaptarse a los cambios en el entorno externo, lo que le ha permitido mantener una ventaja competitiva sostenible. La central receptora de alarmas y el soporte técnico especializado son ejemplos de cómo la empresa ha logrado ofrecer un servicio de alta calidad que responde rápidamente a las necesidades de sus clientes. La empresa de Securitas Direct ha demostrado ser una empresa resiliente y adaptable, capaz de mantener su liderazgo en el mercado de la seguridad electrónica. Continuar con esta trayectoria de innovación y compromiso con el cliente será crucial para su éxito futuro. Sin embargo, es importante que la empresa siga invirtiendo en innovación tecnológica, fortaleciendo la atención al cliente y expandiendo su compromiso con la sostenibilidad. Futuras investigaciones podrían explorar cómo Securitas Direct puede integrar aún más la inteligencia artificial y el aprendizaje automático en sus soluciones de seguridad, así como analizar más profundamente sus estrategias de marketing y comunicaciónThe present work aims to conduct an analysis of the environment based on the business strategy of Securitas Direct, one of the leading companies in the electronic security sector. To achieve this objective, a methodology combining the analysis of historical data and the review of the company's internal strategies, as well as its response to changes in the external environment, has been employed. The methodology used includes an exhaustive review of the history and evolution of Securitas Direct from its founding in 1988 to the present day. The analysis examines how the company has adapted its strategies to maintain its market leadership, expanding its presence to more than 17 countries and serving millions of customers worldwide. Additionally, the company's organizational structure, operating model, and market positioning have been examined, with a particular focus on the Spanish market. The main results of the analysis reveal that Securitas Direct has achieved its success through a combination of advanced technology, personalized customer service, and a commitment to sustainability. The company has demonstrated a remarkable ability to adapt to changes in the external environment, allowing it to maintain a sustainable competitive advantage. The alarm receiving center and specialized technical support are examples of how the company has managed to provide high-quality service that quickly responds to customer needs. Securitas Direct has proven to be a resilient and adaptable company, capable of maintaining its leadership in the electronic security market. Continuing this trajectory of innovation and customer commitment will be crucial for its future success. However, it is important for the company to continue investing in technological innovation, strengthening customer service, and expanding its commitment to sustainability. Future research could explore how Securitas Direct can further integrate artificial intelligence and machine learning into its security solutions, as well as conduct a more in-depth analysis of its marketing and communication strategiesGrado en Administración y Dirección de Empresa

Infinite product of complex numbers

Esta memoria introduce el estudio de los productos infinitos en el ámbito de los números complejos, abordando la convergencia de estos productos y analizando diversos métodos para determinarla. Se explora, además, la relación entre la convergencia de los productos infinitos y las series asociadas, incluyendo la convergencia absoluta. Para profundizar en los productos infinitos de funciones holomorfas, se introduce el Criterio M de Weierstrass, que establece que, bajo ciertas condiciones de acotación, un producto infinito de funciones es absolutamente convergente. Este criterio se aplica a ejemplos específicos, como la función zeta de Riemann y las funciones seno y coseno, para ilustrar su utilidad. Finalmente, se presenta el Teorema de Factorización de Weierstrass, que permite expresar cualquier función entera (es decir, una función holomorfa en todo el plano complejo) como un producto infinito basado en sus ceros. Este resultado facilita el análisis y comprensión de la estructura de las funciones enteras.This manuscript introduces the study of infinite products in the context of complex numbers, addressing their convergence and analyzing various methods to determine it. Additionally, it explores the relationship between the convergence of infinite products and the associated series, including absolute convergence. To delve deeper into infinite products of holomorphic functions, Weierstrass’s M-criterion is introduced. This criterion establishes that, under certain boundedness conditions, an infinite product of functions is absolutely convergent. Specific examples, such as the Riemann zeta function and the sine and cosine functions, are analyzed to illustrate its utility. Finally, the Weierstrass Factorization Theorem is presented, which provides a way to express any entire function (that is, a holomorphic function on the entire complex plane) as an infinite product based on its zeros. This result facilitates the analysis and understanding of the structure of entire functions.Grado en Matemática

Ecosystem services in drying river networks: a meta-ecosystem conceptual model

All river networks are virtually prone to drying, which is dramatically increasing in space and time. This threatens the functions and ecosystem services (ES) rivers provide to societies. Here, we introduce a new conceptual model of the provision of ES in drying river networks (DRN), situating drying as a pivotal element of every river network. Based on a meta-ecosystem perspective, we contend that ES provision is determined in DRN by the exchange of abiotic and biotic flows between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in the catchment. Specifically, we highlight three main components of the ecosystem involved: the intensity of abiotic flows, biodiversity patterns, and ecosystem functioning rates. How they vary in space and time due to changes in the hydrological connectivity in catchment-DRN determines the pattern of ES provision along the DRN. Although drying events are the cause of the great diversity of services naturally provided by DRN, we must perceive their anthropogenic increase as a major socio-ecological risk factor.This work was supported by the DRYvER project (www.dryver.eu), funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (869226, to I. P. S., J. B., and T. D.)

Origin of the rich polymorphism of gold in penta-twinned nanoparticles

We report on the crystallographic structure of penta-twinned gold nanoparticles. Although gold typically exhibits a face-centered cubic (fcc) lattice, other phases have been reported in some nanoscale systems. We show that the crystallographic system and the lattice parameters of the gold unit cell strongly depend on the nanoparticle geometry, for a wide size range. Specifically, we show that decahedra exhibit a body-centered tetragonal structure (I4/mmm), whereas rods and bipyramids exhibit a body-centered orthorhombic structure (Immm). These changes in the crystallographic structure are explained by the elastic lattice distortions required to close the mismatch gap in penta-twinned nanoparticles, with respect to fcc single-crystal gold nanoparticles. The effects of nanoparticle shape and size on the surface pressure and the subsequent distortions are additionally discussed

Application-level evaluation of IEEE 802.1AS synchronized time and linux for distributed real-time systems

The use of Ethernet and Linux is becoming common in industrial applications, even for those with real-time requirements, although neither of them were originally designed for this purpose. The emergence of Industry 4.0 (also known as Industrial Internet of Things, IIoT) has encouraged the evolution of these technologies to better handle real-time issues. On the one hand, Linux now supports mechanisms to configure certain real-time parameters, as well as core isolation and interrupt allocation facilities in multicore processors. On the other hand, the set of Ethernet standards IEEE 802.1 Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) includes a high precision clock synchronization protocol (IEEE 802.1AS). The purpose of this work is to outline an execution framework for distributed systems based on TSN and Linux, which allows the execution of time-aware applications. We have studied and evaluated different configurations available for the proposed execution framework. In particular, a detailed characterization of the clock synchronization mechanism, from the application point of view, has been performed. Some conclusions about the current real-time capabilities of these technologies are also presented.This work was partially supported by MCIN/ AEI /10.13039/501100011033/ FEDER “Una manera de hacer Europa” under grants TIN2017-86520-C3-3-R (PRECON-I4) and PID2021-124502OB-C42 (PRESECREL)

German guilt

El presente trabajo académico se encuentra dividido en 2 partes; la primera trata sobre los marcos ideológicos que permiten que ocurran los genocidios, y sobre cómo se pudo crear una sociedad que permitiera que sucediera el Holocausto. La segunda parte se centra en la propia culpa germana, el sentimiento de culpabilidad de la sociedad germana por haber sido partícipe en el Holocausto, desde la postguerra hasta los años noventa del siglo XXThis research Project it’s divided in two halves, the first one explores the ideological frameworks that allow genocides to happen and how could be created a society that allows the Holocaust to happen. The second half revolves around the German Guilt, the feeling of guilt that the German Society had due to committing the Holocaust, from post war till the 90sGrado en Histori

Post-industrial spaces: the crisis in Torrelavega

El presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado se enfoca en cómo el municipio cántabro de Torrelavega creció gracias a la industrialización, para posteriormente sufrir una profunda fase de desindustrialización que sumió al municipio en una larga crisis económica y social de la que se está recuperando en los últimos años gracias a proyectos que unen a los agentes públicos y privados por un bien común y que permiten reactivar el empleo en la zona. Para realizar esta investigación se ha llevado a cabo una labor de documentación de literatura acerca del proceso de creación y caída de la Torrelavega industrial, pero también se ha llevado a cabo consulta a fuentes estadísticas y cartográficas para poder plasmar y analizar el peso de la industria en la ciudad y la profundidad de la crisis. A pesar del decrecimiento general obtenido tanto por la literatura como por las fuentes estadísticas, se aprecia que, gracias a los proyectos de reactivación económica, Torrelavega comienza a dejar atrás la crisis industrial y está aprovechando su oportunidad para convertir a la ciudad en una ciudad del siglo XXI apoyada en nuevos sectores como las energías limpias.The present Final Degree Project focuses on how the Cantabrian municipality of Torrelavega grew thanks to its industrialisation to later suffer a deep phase of deindustrialisation that plunged the municipality into a long economic and social crisis from which it has been recovering in recent years thanks to projects that unite public and private agents for a common good and that allow employment in the area to be reactivated. In order to carry out this research, literature on the process of creation and fall of the industrial Torrelavega has been documented, but also statistical and cartographic sources have been consulted in order to be able to capture and analyse the weight of industry in the city and the depth of the crisis. In spite of the general decrease obtained from both literature and statistical sources, it can be seen that, thanks to the economic reactivation projects, Torrelavega is beginning to leave the industrial crisis behind and is taking advantage of its opportunity to turn the city into a 21st century city supported by new sectors such as clean energiesGrado en Geografía y Ordenación del Territori

The type IV secretion system of Patescibacteria is homologous to the bacterial monoderm conjugation machinery

The Candidate Phyla Radiation, also known as Patescibacteria, represents a vast and diverse division of bacteria that has come to light via culture-independent omics technologies. Their limited biosynthetic capacity, along with evidence of their growth as obligate epibionts on other bacteria, suggests a broad reliance on host organisms for their survival. Nevertheless, our under-standing of the molecular mechanisms governing their metabolism and lifestyle remains limited. The type IV secretion system (T4SS) represents a superfamily of translocation systems with a wide range of functional roles. T4SS genes have been identi-fied in the Patescibacteria class Saccharimonadia as essential for their epibiotic growth. In this study, we used a comprehensive bioinformatics approach to investigate the diversity and distribution of T4SS within Patescibacteria. The phylogenetic analysis of the T4SS signature protein VirB4 suggests that most of these proteins cluster into a distinct monophyletic group with a shared ancestry to the MPFFATA class of T4SS. This class is found in the conjugative elements of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Tenericutes and Archaea, indicating a possible horizontal gene transfer from these monoderm micro-organisms to Patescibacteria. We iden-tified additional T4SS components near virB4, particularly those associated with the MPFFATA class, as well as homologues of other T4SS classes, such as VirB2-like pilins, and observed their varied arrangements across different Patescibacteria classes. The absence of a relaxase in most of these T4SS clusters suggests that the system has been co-opted for other functions in Patescibacteria. The proximity of T4SS components to the origin of replication (gene dnaA) in some Patescibacteria suggests a potential mechanism for increased expression. The broad ubiquity of a phylogenetically distinct T4SS, combined with its chromosomal location, underscores the significance of T4SS in the biology of Patescibacteria.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Grant MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 PID2020-117923GB-I00 to M.P.G.-B.), the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (FLEX3GEN PID2020-118052GB-I00, cofounded with FEDER funds to F.R-V) and the Spanish Ministry of Universities (predoctoral contract FPU20/04579 to M.d.M.Q.-C.). P.J.C.-Y. work was funded by a Post-Doctoral Fellowship from the Fundación Alfonso Martín Escudero, Spain, and is currently supported by a Marie Sklodowska-Curie postdoctoral fellowship granted by the Horizon Europe programme (1011052332-CYANORUB) and funded by the UKRI (grant ref: EP/Y028384/1)

Sexual harassment in the workplace: analysis, legislation, and preventive measures

Grado en Relaciones Laborale