Analyzing technology landscape of carbon capture storage and utilization in Baltic Sea region through patents

Capturing CO2 and preventing it from being released into the atmosphere was first suggested in 1977; using existing technology in new ways. CO2 capture technology has been used since the 1920s for separating CO2 sometimes found in natural gas reservoirs from the saleable methane gas. More recently, investment in CCS is being driven by the oil and gas industries as well as cement, iron and steel, and chemical production industries in the push for decarbonization. Once it is separated from other gases, the carbon dioxide is then compressed, transported, and injected underground for permanent storage. About 90-100 % of produced carbon dioxide can be captured in this manner. Many are betting on CCS as a key to greenhouse gas emission reductions, since leveraging CCS is expected to achieve 14-19 % of the reductions needed by 2050 (1,2,3). In 2020, we sent 40 billion metric tons (t) of carbon dioxide into Earth’s atmosphere. We need to cut that number to 0 by 2050 if we are to avoid the worst consequences of climate change, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The objectives of this paper is to present the patent landscape of Baltic sea region countries (BSR), which includes Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland, Denmark, Sweden, Russia, Poland and Norway. To perform the analysis searches have been conducted to identify patents related to Carbon capture and sequestration for the BSR. Patent analytics searches have been restricted to dates from 2000-2020. Technologies investigated mainly focuses on CO2 storage, monitoring, utilization and transport. The patent analytics searches have been conducted to identify patents related to CCUS technology. The search resulted in 3299 patent families. A relevancy analysis was done to identify patents which are related to CCUS & resulted in 497 patent families. Identified relevant patents have been categorized in a classification scheme. Results of this patent analytics work shows that in 2009 we have the greatest number of IP activity for CCUS. Exponential growth in patent filing since 2005-2009, showing an increasing trend for CCUS activities, 2010-2015 has an exponential decreasing trend for CCUS activities. In northern and eastern Europe, Russia & Poland are leading the research & patent filing in the CCUS domain. From industry point of view General Electrics (GE)has the highest number of publications followed by Mitsubishi and Siemens. 85 % of 497 relevant Patent families are Alive. GE has around 78 % of its families alive. The top patents are related to capture, storage, sequestration or disposal of greenhouse gases and followed by patents related to separation processes. CO2 capture is the most explored technology/CCUS type along with storage. Unfortunately, there is a decreasing trend in patent filings since 2016. The CCUS technologies are striving to gain traction in the set of options for dealing with climate change, but growth is very slow due to absence or low intervention of government action on climate change, public scepticism, increasing costs, and advances in other options including renewables and shale gas

Evaluation of segment convergence and settlement of subway shield tunnel in water-rich complex stratum

Based on the shield tunnel construction of the left line of Guowei road station-Qingshan lake west station of Nanchang metro line 3, the study focuses on the adverse effects of tunnel segment convergence and settlement deformation of vault and arch bottom on shield construction in the process of shield tunnel construction in water-rich complex stratum. The time-space curves of segment convergence and settlement value on typical monitoring sections are drawn, their variation laws are analyzed, and the deformation values of monitoring data are analyzed and tested. Based on the analysis results, the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the overall or local deformation state of each monitoring object of tunnel segment is carried out. The results show that the cumulative deformation of each typical monitoring section is lower than the warning value, and the tunnel segment has a systematic offset in the horizontal and vertical directions of the clearance

On a three-dimensional neural network model

The dynamics of a model of neural networks is studied. It is shown that the dynamical model of a three-dimensional neural network can have several attractors. These attractors can be in the form of stable equilibria and stable limit cycles. In particular, the model in question can have two three-dimensional limit cycles

New attempt of the implementation of CCS technology in Poland

After 2013 when the PGE Bełchatów demo CCS project was canceled and the EU CCS directive implemented into Polish law (in a way generally obstructing the development of CCS projects in Poland), no significant effects in that field have occurred till 2021. In 2021 the draft of a new law on change of Polish geological and mining law and some other laws (Polish CCS law) was prepared and is being proceeded – it is expected to be accepted soon by the Council of Ministers and then submitted to the Parliament. Generally, the law is to facilitate the development of CCUS technologies in Poland (commercial projects, both onshore and offshore storage in saline aquifers and depleted/depleting hydrocarbon fields – including EHR, no exploration permits/concessions, just storage permits as required by the directive, transport modes). Concurrently, in August/September 2021 Polish Minister of Climate and Environment appointed an advisory board – the Team on Development of CCUS technologies, where representatives of government, industry and research organizations were invited to facilitate CCUS technologies implementation in Poland. One of the Team's tasks resulted in the development of several prefeasibility studies on the full CCS value chain of newly constructed power and CHP blocks (mainly gas fired) carried out by a consortium led by AGH. Similar studies are being developed or considered in the case of other industry sectors, especially cement and chemical plants. In the storage part of these studies, the national project “Assessment of formations and structures for CO2 geological storage including monitoring plans” (completed in 2012/2013 by a consortium led by PGI-NRI) and its update completed upon request of the Ministry in 2021 have been utilized. In the case of the complete CCS value chain, results of pre-feasibility studies carried out in 2009-2013, together with assumptions and results of the new AGH-important project CCUS.pl initiated in May 2021, have been utilized. Several other international projects (financed by Norway Funds) oriented on CCS/CCS have been started (e.g., Agastor, SltPreCO2 project) in Poland. These developments might contribute to creating Polish CCS cluster (or clusters) where various emission sources and transport and storage infrastructure will be integrated, possibly within a decade

Numerical study on bored Pile-Soil interaction by specified constitutive model in coastal engineering (design)

In Geo-engineering design, Geotech-engineers usually adopt ‘Mohr-Coulomb model (M-C)’ to substitute most soil material, this model is considered as linear elastic and perfectly plastic model, despite, in the coastal engineering, the sand-clay mixed with water, cement, fine aggregate or similar materials are the most common interface medium among soil and pile bodies, the frictions from them have strong affection on piles settlements, due to their complex components and mechanics, never can simulate these interface medium by ‘M-C model’ easily, hereby, the novelty of this article is that author adopt ‘Hardening soil constitutive model (HSs)’ as the interface medium and deployed numerical studies on its application in practical case, the studies included simulating the mechanic behaviors among soil and piles(morphology of deformation), design assumptions based on the analysis of geotechnic report and empirical views, besides compared the pile settlement curves by ‘M-C’ and ‘HSs’ models with the static loads test results, and identified the ‘HSs’ model is a suitable constitutive model for sand-clay mixture soil in this Geo project design. In the end, author proposed a few conclusions about the medium birth mechanism, criteria of model selection and advice for similar engineering reference

Deployment of RFID sensors in supply chain management – a review

Supply chain is a seamless network of activities and stakeholders involved in any business. It ensures a smooth flow of goods, products and services. In the modern global setting, supply chains have become more complex and inclusion of technology is providing great benefits. Robust technology is needed for identification, tracking and monitoring of the various goods and assets during the supply chain. One such emerging technology for this is RFID sensors. RFID is a popular wireless technology capable of collecting, storing and transmitting data and thus identifying, tracking and communicating. The two main components of RFID systems are tags and readers each of which perform a crucial and specific function. Tags are basically the memory, storing data received by the reader. Readers retrieve the data and transmit it to tags using an antenna. RFID technology has greatly replaced its counterpart and competitive technology- barcodes, in supply chains. It provides various benefits as compared to barcodes due to which it has got increased attention in various fields such as supply chains, healthcare, agriculture, food industry, manufacturing, libraries, security etc. Supply chain management deals with the flow of activities or processes included in any business, production activities. During this entire journey from raw material procurement to final dispatch a number of smaller supply chains are included each of which are critical. RFID technology has been largely deployed in supply chain management in order to identify, track and store information. These RFID systems enable real time monitoring of the supply chain and gives an upper-hand as compared to barcodes. RFID systems are not only used for storing and retrieving product data but also to monitor and track the flow of the entire supply chain. In the case of cold chains, RFID systems are used for maintaining the environment needed for ensuring quality of food products. Various such applications of these sensors in supply chains have been identified and deployed, However, still this technology remains to be dormant to some extent in supply chain industry. This review paper is aimed at doing a thorough literature review of RFID technology, its deployment in the supply chain domain, and challenges faced

Active noise control method of power communication signal based on BP neural network

In the power line communication network, the electrical node switch connected to the Power Line Communication network will affect the impedance, noise and signal attenuation of the network. The connection change between the network nodes will lead to the change of the topology structure. This paper proposes a new type of automatic modulation pattern recognition system assisted by blind channel recognition based on a convolutional neural network, which is composed of two convolutional neural networks with different architectures, and successfully improves the recognition accuracy of the traditional automatic modulation pattern recognition system. The Signal to Noise Ratio recognition rate of the proposed blind channel recognition assisted Adaptive Multi-Rate system is as high as 99 %, which is more than 5 % higher than that of other comparison methods. After several iterations, the accuracy and loss function of the model studied in this paper are still at a stable level. The intelligent recognition technology of blind signals proposed in this paper can effectively improve the interference problem of communication signals in power system and has a promotion effect in other communication systems, which can achieve higher technical application value

Numerical simulation of the supercritical carbon dioxide flow in converted marine pipelines

The article discusses the features of modeling the flow of supercritical carbon dioxide in offshore pipelines of complex geometry. The concept is based on the replacement of the initial oil and gas in field pipelines for the re-injection of carbon dioxide into the reservoir with the purpose of further disposal. Various variants of the component composition are considered depending on the origin of the fluid. Needed initial operating parameters for conversion are defined

On the issue of the motion of balls in a double pendulum

The paper considers a model of a vertical double pendulum with one suspension centre moving in a vertical plane. For the proposed system of pendulums, differential equations of motion and conditions for the collision of balls are obtained. When modelling the movement of pendulums, the central impact of the balls was considered for various variants of the movement of the suspension point: the suspension point oscillates in the vertical direction; the suspension point makes rotational movements in the vertical plane. In this case, various conditions of the central impact between the balls were considered: absolutely inelastic impact; absolutely elastic impact; impact with the transformation of impact energy (elastic impact). Comparison of the results of the numerical simulation and the results of experiments with the Kapitza pendulum in published sources confirmed the possibility of modelling an elastic impact between balls in a double pendulum and between balls in an autobalancer with a horizontal axis of rotation of the rotor

The influence of the truss bar on the dynamic behavior of a Warren truss by changing the modulus of elasticity

The paper presents the natural frequencies shift of a Warren truss with seven elements in the case that members of the structure are weakened by considering that the modulus of elasticity with a lower value. Taking into consideration that the slenderness ratio has a constant value and the transverse section of the truss bars is changed, the relative frequency shift for the first seven vibration mode were calculated by using the values obtained from numerical modal analysis. The conclusions reveal the fact from the dynamic behavior of the structure it can be obtained templates to identify the weakened truss bar of the structure