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The Lesson Content of Health & Physical Education That Combines Subject Content and Subject Teaching
Analysis of Teaching Materials and Descriptions of Plants in Elementary School Science Textbooks
小学校理科教科書の改善に資することを目的として,6社の平成17年発行の教科書(旧教科書)と平成24年発行の教科書(新教科書)を対象に植物教材と記述内容を分析した。その結果,以下の6点が指摘できた。(1)新教科書で扱われる植物教材は168種類を数え,旧教科書の116種類に比べて約1.5倍に増加した。その理由の一つに,第3学年「身近な自然の観察」が新規項目に設定されたことがある。(2)新教科書で扱われる植物教材のうち胞子でふえる植物はツクシのみであり,胞子でふえる植物の取り扱いに改善を要する。(3)新教科書で共通して扱われる植物教材は15種類を数え,旧教科書の10種類に新たに双子葉植物4種類と単子葉植物1種類が加わった。(4)新教科書の記述内容は旧教科書に比べて質的にも量的にも改善されており,言語活動重視の方向性が見てとれる。(5)植物の発芽を植物の成長の一場面としてとらえ,植物の成長条件は植物の発芽三条件を含めた五つの条件すべてが明記される必要がある。(6)義務教育において,「食物連鎖」という学術用語を教える校種が明確にされる必要がある。The authors analyzed teaching materials and descriptions of plants from 66 textbooks published by six companies in the years 2005 and 2012 with an aim to contribute to the improvement of elementary school science textbooks. The findings revealed that 1) newer textbooks contained a total of 168 kinds of teaching materials related to plants, and that this number was approximately 1.5 times that found in the older textbooks; 2) both in the old and the new version of the books, the only example given of a plant that undergoes reproduction by spores was Equisetum arvense; 3) fifteen kinds of teaching materials related to plants were common in the newer textbooks, and twelve were about dicotyledonous plants and three were about monocotyledonous ones; 4) content descriptions have improved over time, suggesting that the new textbooks attach more importance to language than the older ones; 5) future textbooks should be described all five factors required for the growth of plants including the three factors for the germination of seeds; 6) the technical term “food chain” must be clarified in compulsory education
Study on Training a Supporter for Communication in Post-secondary Education (1st Report) ─ Change of the State-anxiety of a Beginner Supporter Participating ─
本研究は,高等教育機関における意思疎通支援者の養成に関し,支援に携わる学生の確保と育成について基礎的な把握を進めるものである。学生の育成にあたって,どのような研修を設定すれば効果的であるか検討するため,初めてPCノートテイクによる支援活動に携わることになった学生の「状態不安」の推移を追跡し,各学生のPC入力習熟度に基づいて考察を行った。本研究の結果,全般的には支援活動回数を重ねるごとに不安感が軽減されることが分かったが,個々の学生に着目して考察すると,PC入力に関して十分な自信を有しておらず,初回の緊張感がとりわけ高いグループは,回数を重ねても不安感が軽減されにくいことが確認できた。This study was done in order to gain a fundamental understanding of the training of supporter for communication in post-secondary education. It is necessary to promote effective training in order to train supporter for communication. Therefore, I did research concerning the anxieties of beginner supporters who are involved in supporting communication. I found out through the result of this study that, in general, repeating support activities reduces anxiety. However, it was difficult to reduce the amount of stress supporters who were not confident and were particularly nervous felt during their first time
A Review of Work Stress in Teachers and Future Problems
近年,学校教員の精神疾患による休職者が増加しており,その背景には,教員という職業の特殊性や時代の変化に伴う役割の多様化などが関係しているとされている。本研究では,教員の職務ストレスに関する研究や文献を通して,教員のメンタルヘルスに関する現状や課題を検証した。その結果,教員の職業的特性(社会的要因),教員歴や学校種,個人的特性(個人的要因),周囲との関係性や評価(外的要因)などが影響していることが示された。また,教員のメンタルヘルス対策が進められているが,十分な活用に至っていない現状であり,今後,様々な要因から多角的に検討し,実際に活用できるような環境整備がなされる必要があると考えられた。These days, it is increasing the number of people who take a leave of absence due to depression and maladjustment. It is estimated that it is affected by the vocational peculiarity of teacher and diversification of the role of a teacher with the change of times. In this study, it was reviewed the present and future problems about the mental health of teachers from past studies and literature. It was concluded that three factors: social factor, individual factor and external factor affect the stress of teachers. It prepares the environment to deal with the problem about teachers’ mental health, but it is not fully utilized. In the future, it needs to be examined from the various aspects and should improve the system for mental health to be utilized widely
Study on the Improvement Effects of Lifestyle and Lifestyle Related Disease Risk Factors with Individual Health Support(The First Report) ―Study of Baseline Data―
初回集団指導に参加し6ヶ月の継続支援を終了した対象者のベースライン時の状況を検討した。健診結果では,体重・BMI・腹囲は40歳代のほうが50歳代に比べ有意に高かった(p<0.01 p<0.05)。リスクの保有率は,血糖および喫煙は50歳代のほうがやや高率を示したが有意差はみられなかった。生活習慣では「日常生活で運動していない」の運動不足の者や「就寝前に夕食をとる」の夕食時間が遅い者が多い傾向であった。行動目標の立案では「定期的な運動を増やす」「歩数を増やす」,「食事量を減らす」の順で多く,運動不足を感じ運動に関する行動目標を立案する者が多くみられたことから個別健康支援における課題が明らかとなった。In this study we compared the feature of the baseline data with the generation in the generation 50 years old and 40 years old about the object who participates in the first time group guidance and has ended continuation support in 6 months. The weight (p<0.01), BMI and the abdominal circumference (p<0.05) of the generation 40 years old were significantly greater than the generation 50 years old. In the possession rate of the risk for metabolic syndrome, blood sugar and smoking indicated a high rate in the generation 50 years old, but the statistical significant difference was not observed. In life-style, the percentage of the person who does not have the custom of exercises and the person who have dinner at late time was high. Because for the behavior target made for life-style improvement, “increase periodic movement”, “increase the number of steps” and “reduce the meal volume” were seen much in turn, there were a lot of participants who recognize lack of exercise, and a problem by individual healthy support became clear