Digitalna folklora in digitalno terensko delo: upoštevanje zunajspletnega konteksta pri raziskovanju spletnega humorja

The digitalization of folklore has transformed the practices of folklorists’ ethnographic fieldwork. Drawing on the experience of collecting digital family humour, the article discusses the peculiarities of digital folklore, its interconnections with oral folklore, and the ways to record and interpret it. As context is an important dimension for folklore interpretation, the analysis suggests ways to collect both the content of digital folklore and its offline contexts by combining various fieldwork methods.Digitalizacija folklore je preoblikovala etnografsko delo folkloristov na terenu. Članek na podlagi izkušenj zbiranja digitalnega družinskega humorja obravnava posebnosti digitalne folklore, njen preplet z ustno folkloro ter načine njenega beleženja in interpretacije. Kontekst je pomemben za interpretacijo folklore, zato prispevek predlaga združevanje različnih metod terenskega dela, ki omogočajo hkratno zbiranje digitalne folklorne vsebine in njenih zunajspletnih konteksov

Prisotnost pajka dinarske vrste rodu Mesostalita (Deeleman-Reinhold, 1971) (Arachnida: Araneae: Dysderidae) v Beneških Predalpah (SV Italija)

Mesostalita is a genus of woodlouse hunter spiders (Arachnida: Araneae: Dysderidae), currently including three species: M. nocturna, M. kratochvili, and M. comottii. These are cave-dwelling species, endemic to the Dinarides. The genus distribution range is examined, focusing on published localities. In particular, the presence of Mesostalita in the Julian Prealps (NE Italy) is investigated by researching previous reports from the area. A new record, Foran di Landri cave, is reported, representing the fourth known occurrence of the genus in the area. A brief description and some photographs of the female specimen found in the cave are provided. Following this finding, the genus distribution range must be extended northwards to include the Julian Prealps, on the other side of the Isonzo-Soča river (representing a biogeographical barrier for many cave-dwellers), opposite to the Dinarides. This makes Mesostalita one of the few troglobitic north-western Dinaric genera living on both sides of the river. Further sampling in caves in the area (to find at least a male individual) and molecular analyses are necessary to clarify the proper, specific status of specimens living in the Julian Prealps and their phylogenetic relationships within the genus.Mesostalita je rod lovskih pajkov (Arachnida: Araneae: Dysderidae), trenutno so opisane tri vrste: M. nocturna, M. kratochvili in M. comottii. To so jamske vrste, endemične za Dinarsko gorovje. Proučeno je bilo območje razširjenosti pajkov tega rodu s poudarkom na objavljenih najdiščih. Natančneje, prisotnost pajkov rodu Mesostalita v Beneških Predalpah (SV Italija) je bila raziskana s proučevanjem prejšnjih poročil z navedenega območja. Poročamo o novem najdišču v jami Foran di Landri, ki pomeni četrto znano najdišče pajkov tega rodu na navedenem območju. Navedeni so kratek opis in nekaj fotografij samice, najdene v jami. Po tej ugotovitvi je treba območje razširjenosti pajkov tega rodu razširiti proti severu in vanj vključiti Beneške Predalpe na drugi strani Soče (to za mnoga jamska bitja pomeni biogeografsko oviro), nasproti Dinarskega gorovja. Tako so pajki rodu Mesostalita eni redkih troglobiontov med pajki severozahodnih dinarskih rodov, ki živijo na obeh straneh reke. Potrebni so še nadaljnje vzorčenje v jamah na navedenem območju (da bi našli vsaj še samca) in molekularne analize za razjasnitev pravilnega, specifičnega statusa osebkov, ki živijo v Beneških Predalpah, in njihovih filogenetskih odnosov znotraj rodu

Če jaz ne praznujem svoje slave, kdo jo bo?: Pomeni in funkcije slave Srbov v Novi Gorici v kontekstu (trans)migracijske izkušnje in oblikovanja identitet(e)

This article explores how Serbian minority in Nova Gorica perceive the meaning and function of slava, a central ritual in their homeland, and its implications for construction and strengthening identification practices in the context of migration. Based on field research conducted using anthropological methods – including interviews, participant observation, and autoethnography – this article highlights slava as a transnational practice that bridges individuals with their homeland while simultaneously shaping cultural identity within a diasporic context. The study concludes that slava plays a dual role: it fosters cultural cohesion and emotional ties with the homeland but also serves as a site of negotiation for personal and cultural identity in a multicultural environment. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the migration experience of Serbs in Slovenia, emphasizing the interplay between cultural preservation and identity transformation.Članek raziskuje, kako srbska manjšina v Novi Gorici dojema pomen in funkcijo slave, osrednjega rituala v njihovi domovini, ter kakšne posledice ima ta za oblikovanje in utrjevanje identifikacijskih praks v kontekstu migracij. Na podlagi terenskega raziskovanja, ki je temeljilo na antropoloških metodah – vključno z intervjuji, opazovanjem z udeležbo in avtoetnografijo –, članek osvetljuje slavo kot transnacionalno prakso, ki povezuje posameznike z domovino, hkrati pa oblikuje kulturno identiteto v diaspori. Študija ugotavlja, da ima slava dvojno vlogo: spodbuja kulturno kohezijo in čustvene vezi z domovino, obenem pa je prostor pogajanj o osebni in kulturni identiteti v večkulturnem okolju. Ti izsledki prispevajo k boljšemu razumevanju migrantske izkušnje Srbov v Sloveniji, saj poudarjajo preplet med ohranjanjem kulture in preoblikovanjem identitete

Umetna inteligenca kot metafizični dogodek: problem razumevanja

The paper focuses on the questions of whether, to what extent, and in what ways the implications of the rapid development of artificial intelligence are changing the nature of one of the fundamental philosophical questions, “What does it (even) mean to understand?” It draws on two sources in particular: Hinton’s explanation of the technological development and functioning of deep neural networks and Nietzsche’s deconstruction of human understanding based on his key concept of “embodied errors.” In doing so, it reveals a series of unexpected parallels, relating in particular to the notion of micro- evolution and the function of error in the processes underlying “thinking” and “intelligence.” The paper therefore draws certain parallels and demarcation lines between human understanding and the “learning” procedures of digital neural networks. At the same time, it addresses the question of what it means for the interpretation of human understanding that, for the first time in history, understanding is faced with a real, existing antithesis, represented by intelligent systems which, although they do not understand, are capable of performing the tasks of understanding, and capable of replacing understanding.Prispevek se osredotoča na vprašanja, ali, do katere mere, in na kakšne načine, implikacije pospešenega razvoja umetne inteligence spreminjajo naravo enega temeljnih filozofskih vprašanj, ≫kaj (sploh) pomeni razumeti?≪ Opira se zlasti na dva vira: na Hintonovo pojasnjevanje tehnološkega razvoja in delovanja globokih nevronskih mrež in Nietzschejevo dekonstrukcijo človeškega razumevanja, ki temelji na njegovem ključnem konceptu ≫utelešenih zmot≪. Pri tem, odkrije serijo nenadejanih vzporednic, ki se nanašajo zlasti na pojem mikroevolucije in na funkcijo zmote v delovanju procesov, ki tvorijo podlago ≫mišljenja≪ in ≫inteligence≪. Prispevek torej potegne določene paralele in demarkacijske linije med človeškim razumevanjem in postopki ≫učenja≪ digitalnih nevronskih mrež. Obenem pa se ukvarja z vprašanjem, kaj za razlago človeškega razumevanja predstavlja dejstvo, da je slednje, prvič v zgodovini, soočeno z realno obstoječo antitezo, ki jo predstavljajo inteligentni sistemi, ki so, čeravno ne razumejo, sposobni opravljati naloge razumevanja in sposobni razumevanje nadomestiti

Bronastodobni najdišči Kavci in Repovnice pri Vodicah na Gorenjskem

In this article, we present the archaeological sites of Kavci and Repovnice, which were discovered and investigated in 2013. Through archaeological excavations, we discovered two Bronze Age sites that, based on material culture and radiocarbon dating, date back to the mid-second millennium BCE (Kavci settlement), whereas the majority of the settlement discovered at the Repovnice site dates back to the 12–11th century BCE. Based on comparisons, the site Kavci is classified within the chronological framework of the Oloris-Podsmreka horizon, while the Repovnice site falls within the transition of the mentioned horizon to the following one, the Rogoza-Orehova vas horizon. The findings also indicate strong connections with the region of western Slovenia and the Caput Adriae region, with the Castellieri culture.V članku predstavljamo arheološki najdišči Kavci in Repovnice, ki sta bili raziskani v letu 2013. Z arheološkimi izkopavanji smo odkrili bronastodobni naselji, ki na podlagi materialne kulture in radiokarbonskih datacij sežeta že v sredino drugega tisočletja pr. n. št. (Kavci), v 12.–11. st. pr. n. št. pa sodi večji del gradiva iz naselbine, odkrite na območju Repovnice. Naselbina Kavci je na podlagi primerjav opredeljena v časovni okvir horizonta Oloris-Podsmreka, medtem ko Repovnice sodijo na prehod horizonta Oloris-Podsmreka v horizont Rogoza-Orehova vas. Sodeč po najdbah, se kažejo močne povezave tudi z območjem zahodne Slovenije in Caput Adriae s kaštelirsko kulturo

Moške fantazije, nasilje, reprezentacija: intervju s profesorjem Klausom Theweleitom

In the interview with Klaus Theweleit, Marina Gržinić focuses on two distinctive lines of discussion. The first is on the book Male Fantasies. The 50th anniversary of this influential psychoanalytic study on the psyche of male soldiers, specifically the Freikorps, who were paramilitary groups in post-World War One Germany, is approaching in 2027. The second is about violence in general, particularly in the context of historical violence, of which the events at Abu Ghraib in 2004 are an example. Theweleit’s analysis of violence, especially through the lens of his critical theory, provides a framework for understanding these events not just as isolated incidents but as manifestations of deeper socio-political and psychological currents. The interview examines many levels of Theweleit’s work and thinking from that moment until today, reflecting on and returning to instances of historical violence and their bearing on contemporary society.Marina Gržinić se v intervjuju s Klausom Theweleitom osredotoča na dve različni smeri razprave. Prva se nanaša na knjigo Moške fantazije. Leta 2027 se bliža 50. obletnica te vplivne psihoanalitične študije o psihi moških vojakov, natančneje pripadnikov Freikorps, ki so bile paravojaške skupine v Nemčiji po prvi svetovni vojni. Druga smer govori o nasilju na splošno, zlasti v kontekstu zgodovinskega nasilja, primer tega pa so dogodki v Abu Ghraibu leta 2004. Theweleitova analiza nasilja, predvsem skozi optiko njegove kritične teorije, ponuja okvir za razumevanje teh dogodkov ne le kot osamljenih incidentov, temveč kot manifestacij globljih družbenopolitičnih in psiholoških tokov. Intervju preučuje številne ravni Theweleitovega dela in razmišljanja vse do danes ter se vrača k primerom zgodovinskega nasilja in njegovemu vplivu na sodobno družbo

Jezikoslovni in jezikovni vidiki Linhartovega Poskusa zgodovine Kranjske

In a general cultural sense Thomas Linhart's Towards a History of Carniola (1788–1791) promotes the all-Slovene national idea for which the work is of pivotal importance to Slovene historical writing. The novel third section of the second book, devoted to Slovene folk culture, marks the beginning of Slovene ethnography. In this context the article treats Slovene language material in the book as an expression of Linhart's innovative linguistic ideas on Slovene in terms of substance, structure and language ideology, which in a significant way shaped the tendencies in the development of the Slovene standard language in the first half of the nineteenth century.V splošnokulturnem pogledu Poskus zgodovine Kranjske Antona Tomaža Linharta (1788–1791) uveljavlja vseslovensko nacionalno idejo, zaradi česar je to delo prelomnega pomena tudi za slovensko zgodovinopisje. Izvirni tretji razdelek druge knjige, ki je posvečen ljudski kulturi Slovencev, zaznamuje začetek slovenske etnologije. V tem kontekstu članek obravnava slovensko jezikovno gradivo v knjigi, kot odraz Linhartovih inovativnih jezikoslovnih idej o slovenskem jeziku kot substanci, strukturi in jezikovni ideologiji, ki so v precejšnji meri oblikovale tendence v razvoju slovenskega knjižnega jezika v prvi polovici 19. stoletja

O zahodnojužnoslovanskem nasprotju sln. sah-ni-ti // sh. sah-nu-ti

The paper reexamines the traditional explanation for the "idiosyncratic development'' of the Common Slavic Class II verbs with the aorist and/or infinitive suffix -nǫ-, attested in OCS sъxnǫti 'dry', P schnąć, R soxnut', SC sahnuti, but in Slovenian as sahniti. The peculiarity that gave rise to this development in Slovenian is generally thought to be simple analogy with the Class IV verbs, e.g., braniti 'defend'. In the course of this reexamination, the author shows how the "idiosyncratic development," once restated, fits in with data from other Slavic languages. Rather than proceeding from the assumption that the -nǫ type was replaced by -ni-, the author demonstrates that it is reasonable to depart from a Common Slavic dialect difference -nǫ// -ny (< Early Common Slavic innovative *-nū-n// archaic *-nū -), which probably had its origin in the period before the Slavic Migrations. These by-forms could thus have given rise to the variation that is found in the modern Slavic dialects. This variation was transported with the Slavs who colonized the Western South Slavic and West Slavic territories in the 400—700s and in turn gave rise to sociolinguistic competition between the alternatives in the following centuries. These findings are shown to correlate well with recent advances in the identification of the major routes of migration taken by the Slavs, which progressed up the Danube, into Pannonia and Noricum, up the Morava to Upper Silesia, across the Bohemian Basin and through the Elbe River Gorge to the Ore Mountains in Upper Lusatia; then beyond, down the Elbe to the eastern border regions of the later principality of Hannover and along the banks of the lower Elbe. Working back from these routes, the author suggests that the Early Common Slavic *-nū forms may have characterized dialects somewhere in the present-day East Slavic language area, probably a relatively small region long since repopulated with speakers of *-nǫ dialects.Prispevek na novo ocenjuje tradicionalno razlago za "svojevrsten razvoj" praslovanskih glagolov II. razreda z aoristno in/ali nedoločniško pripono -nǫ-, ki so izpričani v scsl. kot sъxnǫti 'sahniti', pol. schnąć, rus. soxnut', sh. sahnuti, vendar v sln. kot sahniti. Običajno se ta posebni razvoj v slovenščini razlaga kot preprosta analogija z glagoli IV. razreda, npr. braniti. V toku te nove ocene avtor kaže, da se "svojevrsten razvoj" — takoj ko je na novo prikazan — ujema s podatki iz drugih slovanskih jezikov. Namesto da bi izhajal iz domneve, da je pripona -ni izpodrinila -nǫ-, avtor dokazuje, da je smiselno izhajati iz praslovanske razlike -nǫ// -ny (< zgodnjepraslovansko inovativno *-nū -n//arhaično *-nū -), ki je po vsej verjetnosti iz časa pred slovanskimi selitvami. Ti različni obliki sta lahko povzročili variacijo, ki je izpričana v sodobnih slovanskih jezikih. Variacija je potovala s Slovani, ki so kolonizirali zahodnojužnoslovansko in zahodnoslovansko ozemlje med 5. in 8. stoletjem; zaradi variacije je v naslednjih stoletjih nastalo tekmovanje med dvema različnima oblikama. Ti rezultati se dobro ujemajo z rezultati novejših raziskav, ki so določile poglavitne smeri selitve Slovanov, ki so bile po Donavi v Panonijo in Norik, navzgor po Moravi do zgornje Šlezije, prek češke nižine in po soteski Labe do Češkega rudogorja v Zgornji Lužici; nadalje navzdol po Labi do vzhodne meje kasnejše kneževine Hannover in po bregovih spodnje Labe. Miselno potujoč po teh poteh v obratni smeri, avtor predlaga, da je zgodnjepraslovanska oblika *-nū bila morda značilna za nekdanja narečja na ozemlju današnjih vzhodnih Slovanov. To verjetno sorazmerno majhno področje je bilo že zdavnaj na novo poseljeno z govorci narečij z obliko *-nǫ-.  

Gospodarske in družbene posledice kolonialnega izseljevanja na kanton Neuchâtel skozi »dolgo 19. stoletje«

The Swiss Canton of Neuchâtel was able to develop and become one of the country’s economic poles—particularly in the export of watches—thanks to the movement of emigrants to Europe and European immigrants to Switzerland. At the same time, missionaries, explorers, and businessmen left Neuchâtel to travel to the colonial world. Historiography has never linked these two migratory phenomena. This article aims to fill this gap. On the one side, it will provide an overview of the existing historiography. On the other, through some case studies, it will propose evidence and new research approaches. The result will be an invitation to de-Europeanize the history of Neuchâtel in order to inscribe it into the global history of the colonial era.Švicarski kanton Neuchâtel se je lahko razvil in postal eno od gospodarskih središč države – zlasti na področju izvoza ur – zahvaljujoč izseljevanju v Evropo in priseljevanju Evropejcev v Švico. Hkrati so iz Neuchâtla na potovanja v kolonialne države odhajali misijonarji, raziskovalci in poslovneži. Teh dveh migracijskih pojavov zgodovinarji do sedaj niso nikoli povezovali, namen tega prispevka pa je zapolniti to vrzel. Avtorja na eni strani podajata pregled obstoječega zgodovinopisja na to temo, na drugi strani pa s pomočjo nekaterih študij primerov predstavita podatke in predlagata nove raziskovalne pristope. Na podlagi navedenega pozivata k deevropeizaciji zgodovine tega kantona ter k njegovi vključitvi globalno zgodovino kolonialnega obdobja

O najdbi primerka Trubarjevega Davidovega psaltra (1566) v knjižnici Univerze v Tartuju

In the summer of 1990 a copy of Trubar's Pſalter Dauidou was discovered among the library resources of Tartu University in the collection Bibliotheca Bergmannae No 255. This copy came to Tartu in 1796 from the collection of Johannes Breitkopf of Leipzig. This is the twelfth known copy of Trubar's book. The present paper gives a detailed description of the Tartu copy to compare with the texts of the other extant copies. According to B. Berčič (1968), there are 11 copies of the Pſalter Dauidou by Primož Trubar (four copies in Slovenia, three in Germany, two in Switzerland, one in Slovakia, one in the Czech Republic). In the summer of 1990 we discovered the twelfth copy in the Tartu University Scientific Library. The book is well preserved. The registration list reveals that the book has never been checked out. This refers to the collection Bibliotheca Bergmannae No 255 (which is now in the Department of Manuscripts). According to a note made on the title page the book came from the Johannes Breitkopf collection in 1796. The article gives a detailed description of the copy: besides its full name, all parts are described with their beginnings and ends, so that it is possible to compare the texts of the Tartu copy with the other eleven extant copies and identify whether or not there are some textual differences between them. With regard to South Slavic Protestant editions of the 16th century, aside from the Pſalter Dauidou, a Cyrillic copy of the Artikuli (1562), translated by the Croatian Protestants Stipan Konzul and Anton Dalmatin, was also discovered.Poleti 1990 se je v knjižnici Univerze v Tartuju, v zbirki Bibliotheca Bergmannae No 255, našel izvod Trubarjevega Davidovega psaltra. Knjiga je prišla v Tartu leta 1796 iz knjižnice Johannesa Breitkopfa iz Leipziga. To je dvanajsti znani ohranjeni izvod te Trubarjeve knjige. Članek prinaša podroben prikaz tartujskega izvoda in tako omogoča primerjavo z drugimi. Kot poroča B. Berčič (1968), je bilo doslej znanih 11 ohranjenih izvodov te knjige: štirje v Sloveniji, trije v Nemčiji, dva v Švici,eden na Češkem in eden na Slovaškem. Poleti 1990 smo v znanstveni knjižnici Univerze v Tartuju odkrili dvanajstega. Knjiga je dobro ohranjena. Pogled v knjižnični arhiv nam pove, da je ni nihče uporabljal. Knjiga nosi signaturo Bibliotheca Bergmannae No. 255 in se nahaja v rokopisnem oddelku. Iz zaznamka na naslovnici je razvidno, da je prispela v Tartu leta 1796 iz knjižnice Johannesa Breitkopfa iz Leipziga. Članek podaja podroben opis tartujskega izvoda: poleg polnega naslova so opisani tudi drugi njegovi deli -- njihovi začetki in konci -- , tako da omogoča primerjavo s preostalimi enajstimi ohranjenimi izvodi. Poleg omenjenega Davidovega psaltra smo v knjižnici Tartujske univerze odkrili še izvod v cirilici natisnjene knjige Artikuli (1562), ki sta jo prevedla hrvaška protestanta Stipan Konzul in Anton Dalmatin