Analysis of Soil Replacement and Woven Geotextile Reinforcement on Embankment Stability

Toll roads are infrastructure built to improve the regional and national economy. The challenge faced on this toll road is soft soil as deep as 7 m. This research analyzes the stability of the embankment with a slope of 1V:2H and a height of 4.5 m without and with repair using the Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM) because the Safety Factor (SF) value in LEM provides a more critical value than the Finite Element Method (FEM). In addition, the settlement amount was also analyzed. The SF value in short term conditions with an embankment load of 1.31 < 1.4 and earthquake load of 0.83 < 1.1. Then, at pavement installation, 1.33 < 1.4, plus earthquake load 0.84 < 1.1. In long term conditions, during the operational period, 1.48 < 1.5, plus earthquake load 0.84 < 1.1. This indicates that the soil requires improvement. To address the problem, soil improvement utilized 2.5 m deep soil replacement and 75 kN woven geotextile. The SF value with repair under short term conditions, with embankment load 1.53 > 1.4, plus earthquake load 1.18 > 1.1. Then, at the time of pavement installation, 1.56 > 1.5, plus earthquake load 1.19 > 1.1. In the long term condition, it was 1.62 > 1.5 at the time of operation, plus earthquake load 1.22 > 1.1. The total settlement after the operation is 0.21 cm ≤ 10 cm and the settlement rate is 0.68 < 2 cm/year. This shows that improvements can increase the SF value and reduce settlement.Toll roads are infrastructure built to improve the regional and national economy. The challenge faced on this toll road is soft soil as deep as 7 m. This research analyzes the stability of the embankment with a slope of 1V:2H and a height of 4.5 m without and with repair using the Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM) because the Safety Factor (SF) value in LEM provides a more critical value than the Finite Element Method (FEM). In addition, the settlement amount was also analyzed. The SF value in short term conditions with an embankment load of 1.31 < 1.4 and earthquake load of 0.83 < 1.1. Then, at pavement installation, 1.33 < 1.4, plus earthquake load 0.84 < 1.1. In long term conditions, during the operational period, 1.48 < 1.5, plus earthquake load 0.84 < 1.1. This indicates that the soil requires improvement. To address the problem, soil improvement utilized 2.5 m deep soil replacement and 75 kN woven geotextile. The SF value with repair under short term conditions, with embankment load 1.53 > 1.4, plus earthquake load 1.18 > 1.1. Then, at the time of pavement installation, 1.56 > 1.5, plus earthquake load 1.19 > 1.1. In the long term condition, it was 1.62 > 1.5 at the time of operation, plus earthquake load 1.22 > 1.1. The total settlement after the operation is 0.21 cm ≤ 10 cm and the settlement rate is 0.68 < 2 cm/year. This shows that improvements can increase the SF value and reduce settlement

Various Types of Biodiesel as Sustainable Fuel Choices: a Review

The energy sources used today are non-renewable energy. Non-renewable energy, if used continuously will experience scarcity. Therefore, renewable energy sources are needed as an alternative energy. One of alternative energy source is biodiesel. Biodiesel is an alternative fuel produced from vegetable or animal raw materials. The sustainability and diversity of biodiesel feedstock sources make it an attractive option for reducing dependence on fossil fuels. The problem is that all existing natural resources have not been utilized, the potential availability of raw materials and their production, lack of knowledge about the types of biodiesel and other types of biodiesel that can be developed. This article aims to review the different types of biodiesel that are being researched and developed and increasing knowledge and becoming a reference regarding the potential of natural resources and the opportunity to develop other types based on the potential of available natural resources. The research method used is a literature review study using the Publish or Perish 8 application, on the search menu Google Scholar is selected. Article search retrieved September 19, 2023. Based on this search, 14 articles were obtained that were in accordance with this research. The research results showed that the various types of biodiesel are bintaro oil, hazelnut oil, corn oil, crude palm oil, hydrotreated vegetable oil, kapok seed oil, rubber seed oil, used cooking oil, kesambi oil and graphene nanoplatelets. Each type of biodiesel has its own advantages, while the biodiesel feedstock that has the potential to be produced in large quantities is palm oil. This research also suggests that Indonesia's natural resource potential is very large, so we can also process and develop other types of biodiesel which can be used as alternative fuel.The energy sources used today are non-renewable energy. Non-renewable energy, if used continuously will experience scarcity. Therefore, renewable energy sources are needed as an alternative energy. One of alternative energy source is biodiesel. Biodiesel is an alternative fuel produced from vegetable or animal raw materials. The sustainability and diversity of biodiesel feedstock sources make it an attractive option for reducing dependence on fossil fuels. The problem is that all existing natural resources have not been utilized, the potential availability of raw materials and their production, lack of knowledge about the types of biodiesel and other types of biodiesel that can be developed. This article aims to review the different types of biodiesel that are being researched and developed and increasing knowledge and becoming a reference regarding the potential of natural resources and the opportunity to develop other types based on the potential of available natural resources. The research method used is a literature review study using the Publish or Perish 8 application, on the search menu Google Scholar is selected. Article search retrieved September 19, 2023. Based on this search, 14 articles were obtained that were in accordance with this research. The research results showed that the various types of biodiesel are bintaro oil, hazelnut oil, corn oil, crude palm oil, hydrotreated vegetable oil, kapok seed oil, rubber seed oil, used cooking oil, kesambi oil and graphene nanoplatelets. Each type of biodiesel has its own advantages, while the biodiesel feedstock that has the potential to be produced in large quantities is palm oil. This research also suggests that Indonesia's natural resource potential is very large, so we can also process and develop other types of biodiesel which can be used as alternative fuel

Exploring the Depths of Market Basket Analysis: A Comprehensive Guide to Transaction Analysis with FP-Growth and Apriori Algorithms

This research investigates the role of data science in understanding customer behavior and enhancing sales, focusing specifically on the application of Apriori and FP-Growth Algorithms at a retail store, Deli Point, in Labuan Bajo. It illuminates the impact of 'rubbish data' on transactional data analysis, emphasizing the need for robust data cleaning procedures to ensure accurate results. Utilizing the faster FP-Growth Algorithm, the study effectively analyzed customer purchasing patterns to identify optimal product combinations for sales improvement. It discovered that 'parsley local' and 'mint flores' items had the highest support with a value of 0.036, indicating that strategic placement of these items together could enhance sales. The rule between chicken leg bone, orange sunkist, and chicken breast boneless was found to have a high confidence value and a lift value higher than 1, implying a higher potential for these items to be sold when positioned near each other. This study contributes to understanding consumer behavior and provides insights for enhancing sales and competitiveness in the retail industry. An association rule involving 'chicken leg bone’, 'orange sunkist', and 'chicken breast boneless' demonstrated high confidence and a lift value above one, suggesting significant sales potential when these items are grouped together. This study not only contributes valuable insights into retail consumer behavior and effective product placement strategies but also underscores the transformative role of data science in optimizing sales and boosting competitiveness in the retail sector.This research investigates the role of data science in understanding customer behavior and enhancing sales, focusing specifically on the application of Apriori and FP-Growth Algorithms at a retail store, Deli Point, in Labuan Bajo. It illuminates the impact of 'rubbish data' on transactional data analysis, emphasizing the need for robust data cleaning procedures to ensure accurate results. Utilizing the faster FP-Growth Algorithm, the study effectively analyzed customer purchasing patterns to identify optimal product combinations for sales improvement. It discovered that 'parsley local' and 'mint flores' items had the highest support with a value of 0.036, indicating that strategic placement of these items together could enhance sales. The rule between chicken leg bone, orange sunkist, and chicken breast boneless was found to have a high confidence value and a lift value higher than 1, implying a higher potential for these items to be sold when positioned near each other. This study contributes to understanding consumer behavior and provides insights for enhancing sales and competitiveness in the retail industry. An association rule involving 'chicken leg bone’, 'orange sunkist', and 'chicken breast boneless' demonstrated high confidence and a lift value above one, suggesting significant sales potential when these items are grouped together. This study not only contributes valuable insights into retail consumer behavior and effective product placement strategies but also underscores the transformative role of data science in optimizing sales and boosting competitiveness in the retail sector

Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Construction Management: A Systematic Literature Review

Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology is increasingly being adopted in the construction industry in the current era. AI can be integrated with digital technologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), Internet of Things (IoT), and Smart Vision (SV). The integration of AI with digital technology has the potential to enhance efficiency, productivity, accuracy, and safety in construction project. This systematic literature review focuses on studying the implementation of AI in construction management, aiming to assess the current role of AI and anticipate future trends in the field. The findings of systematic literature review reveal that AI has been employed in construction projects for tasks such as estimation, resource management, improvement of workplace safety, material selection, structural analysis, and more. The advancements in digital technology, including the influence of 5G connectivity, have further augmented the sophistication of AI applications in the current era. The systematic literature review also delves into the study of machine learning and deep learning, both of which are pivotal in AI technology for executing predictive tasks, analyses, and automated decision-making. Despite the vast potential of AI, this review identifies various challenges associated with the technology, particularly concerning data security. Most existing studies focus on the limited application of AI in specific domains within the construction industry. To address this gap, this systematic literature review provides a comprehensive literature review on the broader perspective of AI application in construction management.Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology is increasingly being adopted in the construction industry in the current era. AI can be integrated with digital technologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), Internet of Things (IoT), and Smart Vision (SV). The integration of AI with digital technology has the potential to enhance efficiency, productivity, accuracy, and safety in construction project. This systematic literature review focuses on studying the implementation of AI in construction management, aiming to assess the current role of AI and anticipate future trends in the field. The findings of systematic literature review reveal that AI has been employed in construction projects for tasks such as estimation, resource management, improvement of workplace safety, material selection, structural analysis, and more. The advancements in digital technology, including the influence of 5G connectivity, have further augmented the sophistication of AI applications in the current era. The systematic literature review also delves into the study of machine learning and deep learning, both of which are pivotal in AI technology for executing predictive tasks, analyses, and automated decision-making. Despite the vast potential of AI, this review identifies various challenges associated with the technology, particularly concerning data security. Most existing studies focus on the limited application of AI in specific domains within the construction industry. To address this gap, this systematic literature review provides a comprehensive literature review on the broader perspective of AI application in construction management

Recommendation of Heat Exchanger as Refrigerant Cooler through Mass Balance Calculation in LNG Plant Process

The liquefaction unit is a process unit for processing the desired product from the gas phase to the liquid phase. The purpose of this unit is to facilitate the transportation process with the help of refrigerants. The disadvantage of this unit is that the heat transfer is less than optimal. In addition, this study can also maximize the storage system because it can reduce the specific volume of gas up to 1/600 times to increase energy efficiency in the LNG Plant. The potential for various options to increase the efficiency of the liquefaction cycle is tried to be calculated in this study. The calculation method between the mass balance and energy balance obtained the results of the design calculation that the type 2-4 heat exchanger, Carbon steel material, area 1023, 35m2, Rd 0.001-hour ft2 °F / Btu can be concluded that the design of the heat exchanger is safe and recommended.The liquefaction unit is a process unit for processing the desired product from the gas phase to the liquid phase. The purpose of this unit is to facilitate the transportation process with the help of refrigerants. The disadvantage of this unit is that the heat transfer is less than optimal. In addition, this study can also maximize the storage system because it can reduce the specific volume of gas up to 1/600 times to increase energy efficiency in the LNG Plant. The potential for various options to increase the efficiency of the liquefaction cycle is tried to be calculated in this study. The calculation method between the mass balance and energy balance obtained the results of the design calculation that the type 2-4 heat exchanger, Carbon steel material, area 1023, 35m2, Rd 0.001-hour ft2 °F / Btu can be concluded that the design of the heat exchanger is safe and recommended

Android Technology in Interactive Learning for Multimedia Animation Courses

Interactive learning media is a tool used to deliver learning content by presenting concepts in an engaging manner that can stimulate interest and participation in learning activities to achieve objectives. This study aims to design interactive learning media for the multimedia animation course, making the learning media more varied and enabling students to learn independently. In designing this android-based interactive multimedia, the researcher used adobe flash with the multimedia development life cycle (MDLC) method, which consists of six stages: concept, design, material collecting, assembly, testing, and distribution. The design results in an android-based interactive multimedia application that provides learning and information about the multimedia animation course, including the semester learning plan for the multimedia animation course, teaching materials, practice questions, and multimedia videos. This product has been validated by two validators: a media expert validator and a material expert validator. The media validity assessment score by the media expert validator is 97% (valid), and the material validity assessment score by the material expert validator is 91% (valid), resulting in an overall average score of 0.94, which is considered valid and suitable for use. The practicality test of the developed learning media was conducted with multimedia lecturers, resulting in a score of 98% (very practical), and with Informatics Engineering Students at Ibn Sina University, specializing in multimedia, with 20 participants achieving a score of 90.77% (very practical). The overall average score is 94%, indicating that the media is very practical. Therefore, it can be concluded that the android-based learning media for the multimedia animation course at Ibn Sina University is highly valid and very practical.Interactive learning media is a tool used to deliver learning content by presenting concepts in an engaging manner that can stimulate interest and participation in learning activities to achieve objectives. This study aims to design interactive learning media for the multimedia animation course, making the learning media more varied and enabling students to learn independently. In designing this android-based interactive multimedia, the researcher used adobe flash with the multimedia development life cycle (MDLC) method, which consists of six stages: concept, design, material collecting, assembly, testing, and distribution. The design results in an android-based interactive multimedia application that provides learning and information about the multimedia animation course, including the semester learning plan for the multimedia animation course, teaching materials, practice questions, and multimedia videos. This product has been validated by two validators: a media expert validator and a material expert validator. The media validity assessment score by the media expert validator is 97% (valid), and the material validity assessment score by the material expert validator is 91% (valid), resulting in an overall average score of 0.94, which is considered valid and suitable for use. The practicality test of the developed learning media was conducted with multimedia lecturers, resulting in a score of 98% (very practical), and with Informatics Engineering Students at Ibn Sina University, specializing in multimedia, with 20 participants achieving a score of 90.77% (very practical). The overall average score is 94%, indicating that the media is very practical. Therefore, it can be concluded that the android-based learning media for the multimedia animation course at Ibn Sina University is highly valid and very practical

Impact of Variable Speed Drive Jobsheet Integrated with Project-Based Learning Model on Electric Motor Control Skills of Vocational Students

The problem in this study is that many students in the electrical power installation engineering (EPIE) class have not mastered the skills of electric motor control (EMC). This is because the teacher still uses traditional methods in the learning process. Namely, the teacher actively explains the material according to practical experience rather than referring to EMC learning objectives. This study aims to apply a variable speed drive (VSD) jobsheet based on project-based learning (PjBL) in the EMC learning process and measure the effectiveness of the jobsheet applied. The research method used was a pre-experiment with an intact group comparison research design. The research subjects were taken from 11th-grade students of vocational schools majoring in electrical power installation engineering and were assessed using a questionnaire instrument to evaluate students' EMC performance. Data analysis techniques used were independent t-test and effect size test. Based on the independent t-test analysis results, the t-value is larger than the t-table (t = 4.936 > 1.99962), and the significance value is 0.000, which shows a significant difference in skills between the experimental and control classes. Based on the effect size analysis, the value is 1.243, which means the jobsheet can improve students' EMC skills in the large category. Based on these two results, it is known that the PjBL-based VSD jobsheet is effective in the EMC learning process. Thus, it is expected that EPIE vocational high schools can use the PjBL-based VSD Jobsheet in the EMC learning process

Embracing the Evaporative System in Air Conditioning Technology for Efficient Cooling Solutions

The use of an air conditioning system requires large amounts of electrical energy to carry out repeated vapor compression cycles. The use of an evaporative cooling system in this research is by spraying condensate water on the condenser, which is one solution to absorb condenser heat. Another thing that can be done is to reset the fan speed on the condenser to cool it. Resetting the fan speed on the condenser can also help improve AC performance and reduce electrical energy use. The test was carried out by modifying the 1 Pk R-410a AC split condenser by installing 6 nozzles, 2 rows of 3 columns and a DC pump to spray water on the condenser. The independent variables of this research are spraying position and fan speed. The result obtained from the research is an increase in COP by 35% and a reduction in electrical power usage by 15% by using additional water spray with a nozzle behind the condenser both when blowing the full blower and when the blower blowing speed is reduced by 75%. The use of evaporative systems in air conditioning technology is a promising solution to achieve sustainable and efficient cooling solutions.The use of an air conditioning system requires large amounts of electrical energy to carry out repeated vapor compression cycles. The use of an evaporative cooling system in this research is by spraying condensate water on the condenser, which is one solution to absorb condenser heat. Another thing that can be done is to reset the fan speed on the condenser to cool it. Resetting the fan speed on the condenser can also help improve AC performance and reduce electrical energy use. The test was carried out by modifying the 1 Pk R-410a AC split condenser by installing 6 nozzles, 2 rows of 3 columns and a DC pump to spray water on the condenser. The independent variables of this research are spraying position and fan speed. The result obtained from the research is an increase in COP by 35% and a reduction in electrical power usage by 15% by using additional water spray with a nozzle behind the condenser both when blowing the full blower and when the blower blowing speed is reduced by 75%. The use of evaporative systems in air conditioning technology is a promising solution to achieve sustainable and efficient cooling solutions

A Study of Potato Peel Extract (Solanum Tuberosum L) as a Green Corrosion Inhibitor on Low Carbon Steel in a 3.5% NaCl Environment

Wide application in the oil and gas industry made carbon steel suffer annual losses due to corrosion. The corrosion protection utilizes inhibitor have drawbacks expensive and harmful to the environment. Potato peel extract (solanum tuberosum L) and its main constituents, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins, have been investigated as a green corrosion inhibitor for low-carbon steel in a 3.5% NaCl solution. The inhibitor’s effectiveness and corrosion rate monitoring were measured using weight loss. Potentiodynamic polarization was used to investigate the type of corrosion inhibition and adsorption of plant extract on the surface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was utilized to observe the presence of functional groups, natural compounds, and the type of bonding for adsorbed organic inhibitors on the surface. The results of the Tafel polarization analysis indicated that the potato peel extract acts as a mixed-type inhibitor. The inhibition efficiency increased with the concentration of the inhibitor extract. The optimal inhibition efficiency of 73.33% is was achieved with 6 ml of potato peel extract and 216 hours of immersion time. The inhibitive effect is due to the adsorption of inhibitor molecules on the steel surface, following the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.Wide application in the oil and gas industry made carbon steel suffer annual losses due to corrosion. The corrosion protection utilizes inhibitor have drawbacks expensive and harmful to the environment. Potato peel extract (solanum tuberosum L) and its main constituents, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins, have been investigated as a green corrosion inhibitor for low-carbon steel in a 3.5% NaCl solution. The inhibitor’s effectiveness and corrosion rate monitoring were measured using weight loss. Potentiodynamic polarization was used to investigate the type of corrosion inhibition and adsorption of plant extract on the surface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was utilized to observe the presence of functional groups, natural compounds, and the type of bonding for adsorbed organic inhibitors on the surface. The results of the Tafel polarization analysis indicated that the potato peel extract acts as a mixed-type inhibitor. The inhibition efficiency increased with the concentration of the inhibitor extract. The optimal inhibition efficiency of 73.33% is was achieved with 6 ml of potato peel extract and 216 hours of immersion time. The inhibitive effect is due to the adsorption of inhibitor molecules on the steel surface, following the Langmuir adsorption isotherm

Fluid Dynamic Simulation of Sail Design Performance on Sail-Assisted Ship; A Preliminary Study

Ships are a reliable means of transportation in an archipelagic country like Indonesia. The high use of fossil fuels in sea transportation is one of the contributors to emissions that needs attention apart from their dwindling availability. Efforts to use sails as an additional propulsion force on ships are one of the green technology issues in shipping for reducing the use of fossil fuels. It is about how the design affects the thrust on the ship. Tests were carried out on models M1, M2, and M3 in variations 0°, 30°, and 45° wind angles in computational fluid dynamic simulation at 12 knots constant speed. Through this article, there will be a discourse related to optimizing the design of the sail to produce energy efficiency and reduce the use of fossil fuels on ships. The shaped M3 makes greater thrust on the ships than the other two models. The tendency of a decrease in the thrust of the sails with an increase in the wind direction angle, the distribution of force in two directions, namely as normal and parallel to the sails, is suspected as the cause.Ships are a reliable means of transportation in an archipelagic country like Indonesia. The high use of fossil fuels in sea transportation is one of the contributors to emissions that needs attention apart from their dwindling availability. Efforts to use sails as an additional propulsion force on ships are one of the green technology issues in shipping for reducing the use of fossil fuels. It is about how the design affects the thrust on the ship. Tests were carried out on models M1, M2, and M3 in variations 0°, 30°, and 45° wind angles in computational fluid dynamic simulation at 12 knots constant speed. Through this article, there will be a discourse related to optimizing the design of the sail to produce energy efficiency and reduce the use of fossil fuels on ships. The shaped M3 makes greater thrust on the ships than the other two models. The tendency of a decrease in the thrust of the sails with an increase in the wind direction angle, the distribution of force in two directions, namely as normal and parallel to the sails, is suspected as the cause