Prospective Research and Technological Advancements in Food and Health Sciences

Development of Turmeric and Curry Leaf Fortified Biobased Sustainable and Edible Bowl ; Biofilm Formation and Persistence in Food Industries: Perspectives on Emerging Control Strategies ; Assessment of pH variations during extended period of fermentation of cow milk with different lactic acid bacterial cultures ;  Millets: A Nutritious and Sustainable Crop for Improved Human Health and Food Security ;  Development of Pomegranate-Cherry Jelly Enriched with Beet Root Juice ;  Metabolites of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB): Production, Formulation and Potential applications in Food Industries ;  Lactic Acid Bacteria – An Overview ;  Development of Health Beneficial Ice Cream Waffle from Pomegranate Peel Powder and Hibiscus Flower ;  A Review of Nutritious Beneficial Food Grains in the Siddha System of Medicine ;  Investigation of Microbe-Metal Interactions: A study on the Effect of Biofilm Communities from Seafood Waste on Aluminium Alloy ; Spirulina with High Protein for Alternative Food Supplements ;  Food Packaging Waste: Strategies for Reduction and Recycling ;  Postbiotics: A comprehensive Review of Classification, Application and Health Benefits ;  Primary and Supplementary Porridge Diet for Fever: A Microbiobe Provider

Probiotics and Prebiotics in Siddha System of Medicine: Chapter 1

Worldwide Siddha system is one of the longstanding traditions in treating with safe and effective methods by Siddhars, who are experts in living a healthy life from dietetics, life style modifications and preventing, curing diseases in a holistic way. In the methodology of science, definitions are distinctly established, with the International Scientific Association for probiotics and prebiotics (ISAPP). Generally, lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, and other lactic acid-producing bacteria (LAB) have been used in probiotics, foremost isolated from fermented by products of milk and microbiome present in faecal materials. Siddha medicines are prepared from herbs, minerals, herbo-mineral, metals, and animal products. Primarily some of the herbs and several animal products are purified using buttermilk before they are formulated into medicine. Chooranam (Medicinal powder) particularly Thayirchundi chooranam that prepared using five kinds of salts, dried ginger, sour curd in greater quantity, is repeatedly dried in sunlight and powdered that is best used in diarrhoea with undigested food particles. Most of the Siddha medicines are prepared using dairy products milk and ghee are aswagandha legium (Withania somnifera), panchadepakini legium, thettrankottai legium (Strychnos potatorum), venpoosani legium (Benincasa hispida). Medicines used in paediatric diseases are prepared with ghee, butter, butter milk, milk, curd are veliparuthi nei (pergularia damia), paruthi (Gossypium arboreum), othiyampattai (Lannae cormandelica). Ayajambira karpam is fermented with gingely oil for 40 days then is given for anaemia and rejuvenating the body. Bhavana kadukkai (Terminalia chebula) is prepared by purifying with fermented rice washed water for three days, and is treated for many of disease like asthma, anorexia, splenomegaly, sinusitis, vomiting, diarrhoea, anaemia, pitham, and rathapitham

Elevating Health with Cordyceps Militaris: The Ultimate Food Supplement: Chapter 9

Cordyceps Militaris, a species of medicinal mushroom, has been revered in traditional Asian medicine for its potential health-enhancing properties. In recent years, scientific research has been exploring its nutritional composition and bioactive compounds, shedding light on its promising health benefits. This review paper provides an in-depth examination of Cordyceps Militaris as a food supplement, focusing on its potential health benefits, scientific evidence supporting its efficacy, and safety considerations. The nutritional profile of Cordyceps Militaris is diverse, comprising proteins, amino acids, polysaccharides, nucleosides, vitamins, minerals, and more, which work synergistically to offer potential advantages. Studies and traditional usage suggest that Cordyceps Militaris may support the immune system, enhance energy and endurance, possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, promote respiratory health, help regulate blood sugar levels, and have potential cardiovascular and neuroprotective effects. While scientific evidence supporting its efficacy is growing, caution is warranted, as more extensive human trials are required to draw definitive conclusions. Optimal dosage and usage guidelines are discussed, emphasizing the importance of consulting healthcare professionals before incorporating Cordyceps Militaris supplements into daily regimens. Safety considerations and precautions are outlined to address potential risks, particularly for individuals with allergies, underlying health conditions, or those taking medications. As research continues to unfold the potential of Cordyceps Militaris, this review paper provides valuable insights for those seeking to explore the realm of this ultimate food supplement

Pomegranate as a Potential Natural Medicinal Agent: An Updated Study of its Health Advantages: Chapter 14

Punica granatum L., the scientific name for the pomegranate, is a member of the Punicaceae family, which is found all over the world. It is regarded as an essential part of the human diet and has numerous health advantages in addition to its strong antioxidant activity. A diet high in antioxidant fruits and vegetables, according to epidemiological research, considerably lowers the incidence of many diseases linked to oxidative stress. This fruits have a variety of sections, including seed, peel, juice, and leaves, all of which have a wealth of potential bioactive substances. The fruits have a high level of flavonoids (luteolin, quercetin, etc.) and polyphenols (gallic acid, ellagic acid, etc.), which gives them antioxidant potential and the ability to scavenge free radicals. It possesses a range of biological properties, including as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, cardio-protective, and antimicrobial potential. The entire fruit has medicinal and therapeutic uses in preventing the development of several malignancies, including prostate, breast, colon, and lung cancers. The fruits are used in traditional medicine to treat conditions like gastrointestinal, endocrine, and cardiovascular problems, among others. Modern investigations have validated a number of traditional medicinal plant properties, making them a source for the creation of novel medication compositions. These traits therefore clearly suggest that the entire pomegranate fruit offers a range of advantages in therapeutic applications and that they might be used in the future to treat severe chronic diseases. The article focuses on the possibility of developing new drugs using the bioactive substances present in pomegranates. Their incidence, production, metabolism, and health effects are all well explored

Detection of VBNC State Strains within the Biofilm Matrix of SS-304 Coupon Immersed in Meat Waste by PMA-PCR Assay: Chapter 16

Foodborne pathogens, when present in food products, can lead to various diseases and pose significant food safety risks. The Salmonella Sp. is a common foodborne pathogen known for its various harmful effects, such as production of endotoxins, enterotoxins and invasiveness. The Viable but Non-Culturable (VBNC) state is a bacterial survival mechanism that occurs under adverse conditions. It poses a considerable challenge to both public health and food safety. The aim of this research is to establish a Propidium Monoazide- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PMA-PCR) technique capable of swiftly and sensitively detecting inducted Salmonella Sp., including its Viable but Non-Culturable (VBNC) pathogens in food samples. However, the efficacy of PMA in food waste sample has not been explored previously. In this study, SS-304 coupons were submerged in meat waste for 7 days and amount of biofilm formation were assessed at 3 and 7days interval and a total of 25 biofilm-forming bacterial strains were isolated and partially identified and the EPS production was also determined for further studies. The results showed that the addition of 1% acetic acid could directly kill Salmonella sp. cells and inhibit the formation of the VBNC state with a nutrition concentration of 25, 50, and 100%. By PMA-PCR method, the number change of cells during VBNC induction was monitored successfully. We assessed the capacity of PMA dye in food waste to identify DNA originating from viable bacteria

Development and Optimization of a Novel Health Drink Comprising Seaweed, Algae, and Lab from Food Waste Origin: Chapter 13

Millet-based health beverages are gaining popularity as individuals increasingly seek nutritious and innovative alternatives to traditional drinks. These health drinks not only hold commercial viability but also boast notable therapeutic and nutritional attributes. This study specifically focused on crafting a novel fermented health drink utilizing proso millet as a foundational ingredient, complemented by seaweed and SCP for added nutrient supplementation and therapeutic potential. Proso millet, abundant in proteins, vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, and polyphenols, stands out as a gluten-free option, catering to individual’s intolerant to gluten. Its high lecithin content contributes to neurological health. Seaweeds, particularly Sargassum sp., emerge as a noteworthy source of bioactive chemicals with potential health benefits, offering phenols and polysaccharides that aid in blood sugar and blood pressure regulation. The inherent antibacterial and antioxidant properties of Sargassum sp make it a promising therapeutic agent. Chlorella sp, a commercially produced unicellular green algae, is recognized worldwide as a nutritional supplement rich in minerals and vitamins, including D and B12.The health drink sample exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity, and a detailed nutritional analysis revealed elevated protein content due to the inclusion of spirulina and chlorella spp. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) results highlighted a rich array of metabolites in the beverage, contributing to metabolic health. The synergistic combination of proso millet, seaweed, and chlorella presents a diverse range of nutritional benefits, offering a holistic approach to enhancing overall health and well-being for consumers

Production and Characterization of Valuable Protein Hydrolysates from De-Oiled Residual Biomass-Spirulina Platensis: Chapter 4

There is growing curiosity in the exploration of novel renewable resources as alternatives for the production of protein hydrolysates (PH). Thus, the undiscovered potential of utilizing residual biomass from Spirulina, particularly after lipid extraction, for food production presents an encouraging avenue for further research. The aim of this study is to examine the technological and antioxidant properties of protein hydrolysates (PH) obtained from the leftover biomass of Spirulina. Around 70% of biomass was obtained as residue after lipid extraction. The yield and protein content of the PH from residual biomass were 48% and 78% respectively. PH had a high solubility at acidic pH-5. The emulsification power and foaming capacity of PH were 56 m2/g and 275% respectively. PH had a higher ratio of α-helix to ß-sheet (3.4) compared with the raw (1.6) and residual biomass (0.7), which indicates a high digestibility of PH. The antioxidant capacity of PH by reducing power assay, DPPH and ABTS were 80, 1746, 618 µM Trolox g-1 respectively. The findings suggest that PH could be used as a potential ingredient in food and pharmaceutical industry, thus providing a sustainable valorization to protein rich residual biomass

Microbial Fortification: Sustainable Tools to Alleviate Malnutrition and Hidden Hunger Challenge: Chapter 15

‘Hidden hunger’ or micronutrient deficiencies have a great impact on the health of global population. Micronutrient deficiencies can be the root cause of major diseases like goiter, mental retardation, cancer, rickets, pellagra, beriberi and diarrhea. Out of all the ways to combat micronutrient deficiencies, food fortification was found to be economic and affordable by the low-income countries. In food fortification, micronutrients are deliberately added to the staple foods with the sole reason of increasing nutritional content of the specified product. Food vehicle is a food commodity which is commonly consumed and is used to deliver particular nutrient to an individual. Microorganisms which are considered to be Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) for consumption are incorporated into staple foods, the food vehicle, thereby enriching the staple foods with desired micronutrients. This review focuses particularly on microbial fortification of food and the various techniques involved in production of fortified foods using microbes

Sterols and Phytosterols: A Review

Different classes of gelators molecules have been generating interest in recent years due to their specific nature and to their oil structuring capacity. To meet a particular food product’s requirement, oil structuring agents or oleogelators should be capable of producing gel systems with a certain level of tailoring proficiency, which will allow them to serve as feasible alternatives as fat substitute drivers. Food engineering perceives that the principles of food formulation should always comprise food safety and quality concepts without disregarding consumer acceptance as a priority when developing a novel food product. It is thus extremely challenging to meet all criteria stating that in order to serve as an agent for oil structuring, these alternatives should be food grade, affordable, nonreactive with other ingredients, versatile, and prone to tailoring features. Within the design of novel food products, underestimating these considerations is certainly a recipe for disaster, since new food systems should offer very similar sensory perceptions for consumers in addition to healthier benefits

Farming Systems Research (FSR) in Nepal: A Review

Farming systems research (FSR) is important for addressing the aforementioned concerns. FSR uses a comprehensive approach to capture farm family behaviour in reaction to and interacting with its biophysical and socioeconomic settings as a technique. FSR is a method of creating suitable technologies in conjunction with farmers that is classified as action research. The purpose of this study is to introduce the distinctive qualities of Nepalese agriculture as well as the country\u27s FSR evolution. First, clarify the characteristics of the diverse farming systems by agro-ecological region, then examines the constraints and potentials for each region based on previous studies. The second part of the paper deals with research system, tracing the evolution and development of Nepal’s FSR, assessing the achievements. Finally, the paper concludes with identifying the constraints and future agenda for further development of FSR efforts in the country