Pemetaan Naskah Keagamaan Klasik Nusantara: Analisis Bibliometrik dan Jaringan Persebaran Manuskrip Abad 17-19

Classical religious manuscripts from the Nusantara region, dating from the 17th to the 19th centuries, represent a significant intellectual heritage, yet a comprehensive understanding of the scholarly publication trends and manuscript dissemination patterns within the global academic context remains limited. This study aims to (1) analyze global scholarly publication trends related to 17th-19th century Nusantara classical religious manuscripts, and (2) map the main contributors and collaboration networks in such studies. The research method employed is a quantitative bibliometric analysis of publication data sourced from the Scopus database, focusing on articles published between 1990 and 2024. The analysis of 200 articles reveals that the United States and the United Kingdom are the countries with the largest contributions in terms of publication numbers and citations, with the United States alone garnering over 1,200 citations. Furthermore, this research identifies dominant keywords such as “human,” “religion,” and “history” that frequently appear in the corpus of related articles. In conclusion, this study presents a comprehensive mapping of the landscape and trends in scholarly publications concerning Nusantara classical religious manuscripts, offering a significant contribution to the global understanding and preservation efforts of this valuable intellectual heritage and identifying potential areas for future research

Memetakan Lanskap Sufisme di Indonesia: Analisis Bibliometrik terhadap Tren Penelitian Global dan Implikasinya bagi Studi Lokal

Sufism, as a path for Muslims to draw closer to Allah, has shaped Islamic spirituality. In a broader sense, mysticism encompasses supernatural and transcendental aspects, potentially fostering peace through tolerance. This study aims to map the patterns and models of Sufistic research relevant to Indonesia by employing a bibliometric analysis of global research trends in Islamic mysticism. Utilizing the Scopus database with the search criteria "Islam AND Mysticism" for publications between 2014 and 2024, a total of 188 scientific documents were analyzed. While the initial dataset is global, this study focuses on identifying trends, authors, institutions, and thematic clusters that illuminate the landscape of Sufism studies concerning Indonesia. The findings reveal significant contributions from Indonesian authors and institutions, as well as thematic concentrations on historical and regional aspects like the "Sunda Islands," indicating specific "patterns" of Sufistic inquiry related to Indonesia. This research contributes by offering an overview of these patterns, thereby assisting in understanding the specific characteristics and developmental directions of Sufism studies in the Indonesian context

Faith in the Digital Era: How Language and Artificial Intelligence Technology Reshape Religious Practices

In the digital era, the advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed how people understand and practice religion, creating new opportunities while posing significant challenges to cultural diversity and spiritual values. Using a Systematic Literature Review, this study examines how language and AI reshape religious practices, focusing on their impact on the cross-linguistic interpretation of religious texts, the transformation of communication patterns between congregants and spiritual authorities, and the personalization of religious messages and its implications for pluralism. The findings reveal that AI enhances accessibility to religious texts through automated translation and language-based algorithms while presenting challenges such as algorithmic bias, homogenization of interpretations, and risks to cultural diversity. Homogenization of interpretations refers to the tendency of AI systems to simplify or prioritize dominant theological perspectives, potentially marginalizing alternative or minority interpretations that contribute to the richness of religious traditions. Additionally, AI-powered virtual assistants alter communication patterns with spiritual authorities, and message personalization, defined here as the algorithmic tailoring of religious content to an individual’s digital behavior, preferences, or consumption history, tends to create information isolation that may hinder interfaith dialogue. This study emphasizes the need for ethical and inclusive approaches to AI development to preserve cultural and theological diversity

Muhammadiyah’s Advocacy: Empowerment and Policy Protection for Indonesian Migrant Workers in Taiwan

This article explores how Muhammadiyah’s leadership, through its overseas branches, advocates for and empowers Indonesian migrant workers in Taiwan. Grounded in the empowerment framework developed by Laverack and Labonté, the study investigates how faith-based civil society engagement can offer protection and capacity-building for vulnerable migrant populations. Employing a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with key organizational leaders and members, a multi-country focus group discussion involving Indonesian migrant workers, analysis of internal documents, and online observation of program implementation between February 2023 and July 2023. The findings reveal that Muhammadiyah’s initiatives encompass three interrelated domains—legal assistance, economic empowerment, and spiritual reinforcement—implemented through programs such as legal aid clinics, vocational and religious education, financial literacy training, and cross-border advocacy networks. These efforts have helped workers navigate legal uncertainty, secure basic rights, and build collective resilience. Yet, limitations persist, particularly due to Muhammadiyah’s status as a non-state actor without formal authority over migrant affairs, leading to bureaucratic barriers with official institutions, alongside persistent challenges in coordination, volunteer continuity, and sustaining attention and funding through uncertain donation-based resources. This study concludes that Muhammadiyah represents a promising model of transnational Islamic advocacy that integrates moral, social, and institutional elements to support the empowerment of migrant communities navigating complex legal and institutional environments abroad

Tipologi Fatwa Kentongan: Studi Naskah Ḥukm al-Nāqūs

In the early twentieth century, Traditionalist and Reformist Muslims in Indonesia often held conflicting views on religious traditions. However, the manuscript Ḥukm al-Nāqūs reveals a notable exception: in the case of the kentongan (wooden slit drum), both camps arrived at the same legal conclusion despite their divergent ideological frameworks. This study aims to examine the similarities and differences in istidlāl (legal reasoning) employed by the two groups in responding to religious rituals that have undergone acculturation with local culture, particularly the use of the kentongan as a call to prayer. Employing a qualitative, library-based research methodology, the study draws on the primary source of the Ḥukm al-Nāqūs fatwa manuscript, held in the Langitan Islamic Boarding School, Tuban, along with relevant secondary literature from early twentieth-century Islamic discourse. The research adopts a philological approach enriched by intertextual analysis, socio-intellectual history, and Islamic legal hermeneutics. The findings demonstrate that while Traditionalists anchor their legal reasoning in the authority of classical scholars, and Reformists prioritize direct reference to the Qur’an and Hadith, both may reach similar legal verdicts under specific conditions. This convergence suggests that ideological common ground can emerge when both traditions are oriented toward primary Islamic texts. The study contributes a novel analytical typology of fatwas through the lens of a single local manuscript, highlighting an unexpected legal convergence between two competing streams of Islamic thought in early twentieth-century Indonesia

Implementation of Qira'ah Mubadalah on Verses and Hadiths on Family Issues and Its Contribution in Determining Public Policy

This study explores the implementation of qira’ah mubadalah in interpreting Qur’anic verses and Hadiths on family issues, and its contribution to gender-responsive public policy. The focus of this research is to explain how the principle of reciprocity (mubadalah) offers a new understanding of family issues. This is a library research employing a qualitative descriptive method with a philosophical approach. The findings show that in the perspective of qira’ah mubadalah, the rights and responsibilities of husbands and wives are placed equally, where family needs become a shared responsibility. Obedience between spouses must be based on mutual consent, not coercion. Both have equal obligations in childcare and education. Marital discord (nusyuz) should be resolved through advice, with divorce as a last, peaceful solution. The ‘iddah period functions as a time for reflection, reconciliation, and mourning, without approaching the opposite sex. The implementation of qira’ah mubadalah has contributed to public policy, such as the Ministry of Religious Affairs circular on prohibiting husbands from marrying during the wife’s ‘iddah, social assistance for female heads of households, use of the mother’s name on diplomas, and mandatory premarital counseling. This study highlights its relevance in achieving gender justice

TikTok Algorithms and the Escalation of Interfaith Conflict in Indonesia

This study examines the escalation of interreligious conflict on the TikTok platform, which is increasingly dominating social interaction in Indonesia. By analysing five live videos related to religious conflict (broadcast between January 2023 and December 2024) and 853,513 Indonesian-language comments through thematic coding and sentiment classification, it was found that TikTok's algorithm plays a significant role in reinforcing ideological polarization. Content nuanced with religious conflict generated an average of 3.5 times more comments, and videos containing negative emotions were shared four times more often than neutral or positive content. This digital conflict often spilled over into the real world, triggering police intervention. The response of law enforcement officers was generally reactive, unable to mitigate the conflict early. These findings emphasize the need for strategic collaboration between digital platforms, law enforcement officials, and civil society to promote digital literacy and ethical interfaith dialogue. This collaboration is expected to prevent ideological segregation and create a more constructive interaction space in the digital era

Cultural Shifts in Maranggap among the Batak Community: The Impact of Christianity and Modernization

The Maranggap tradition in Batak Toba society carries deep social and traditional medical values. This ethnographic qualitative research examines the changes and continuities of Maranggap in the face of Christian influences and modernization, as well as their impact on collective identity and social cohesion. The study was conducted over six months (January–June 2024) in Humbang Hasundutan, Sidikkalang, Girsang Sipangan Bolon, and Tanah Jawa. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with customary leaders, religious figures, and community members, as well as participatory observation. Thematic analysis was used to identify key patterns and themes. Findings reveal that in Girsang Sipangan Bolon and Tanah Jawa, Maranggap has been replaced by Christian-style thanksgiving rituals, while in Humbang Hasundutan and Sidikkalang, it is still practiced with modifications. Christian influences are reflected in the use of prayers, hymns, and new interpretations of traditional elements. Modernization has led to changes in food offerings, event organization through digital platforms, and a decline in the role of traditional birth attendants due to medical regulations. However, traditional health practices—such as marbara (smoke healing) and the use of betel leaves, turmeric, and ginger—remain relevant. The integration of traditional and modern medical knowledge is growing, and technology aids in preserving and disseminating Maranggap’s health-related wisdom. This study highlights how traditional values adapt within shifting religious and contemporary contexts, and the ongoing challenge of sustaining cultural identity in a transforming society

Religious Well-Being and Suicide Ideation in Gunungkidul: Exploring the Pulung Gantung Phenomenon among Javanese Communities

The phenomenon of suicide in the context of the Pulung Gantung myth has become a serious concern. However, research that specifically examines the relationship between religious well-being and suicidal ideation in the context of Javanese culture, particularly in areas with a high prevalence of suicide, such as Gunungkidul, is still minimal. The present study aims to identify the role of the Pulung Gantung myth in mediating the relationship between religious well-being and suicidal ideation. A qualitative approach with a case study design was employed to explore the unique experiences of Javanese people in Gunungkidul. Snowball sampling was used to identify key informants who met specific criteria, and semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data on religious well-being and suicidal ideation. To ensure the accuracy and avoid any offence, all collected data underwent a meticulous verbatim analysis. The Pulung Gantung myth exerts a substantial influence on the incidence of suicidal ideation within the Javanese community of Gunungkidul. This myth has the capacity to intensify feelings of despair, thereby expediting the process of arriving at the decision to take one's own life. The development of programs that promote community participation in religious activities. The implications of this study suggest a necessity to reinterpret the meaning of the Pulung Gantung myth so that it is no longer directly associated with suicide