Systematic Review: Prevalensi dan Dampak Infeksi Malaria pada Wanita Hamil dan Neonatal

Globally, malaria cases in the world reached 241 million cases in 2020 and increase from the previous year. Malaria infection in pregnant women was reported in 33 countries, and the cases were estimated at 11.6 million (34%). Malaria infection can increase maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, including anemia in pregnancy, low birth weight, premature birth, stillbirth, and small gestation age, and congenital malaria. This article discusses pregnant women's malaria infection prevalence and maternal and neonatal outcomes. This paper is a systematic review by searching for articles using electronic databases from Pubmed and ScienceDirect using keywords “Malaria” and “Pregnancy” or “Pregnant Women” and “Outcome” or “Impact” and “Maternal” or “Neonatal”. The selection of articles used the PRISMA guidelines which were then analyzed in a narrative manner. Based on the article search results obtained 10 articles that meet the criteria for analysis. The prevalence of malaria infection in pregnancy is still high. Reported outcomes in pregnancy, birth, and neonates include preterm birth, low birth weight, small gestation age, maternal anemia, and maternal and neonatal mortality. The role of health workers is very important to prevent malaria infection in pregnancy so that it does not result in adverse health impacts for maternal and neonatal

Epidemiological Assessment of Lymphatic Filariasis in Pekalongan City, Central Java, Indonesia

Lymphatic filariasis is an infectious disease caused by filarial worms and transmitted by mosquitoes. Pekalongan City is the highest filariasis endemic area caused by Wuchereria bancrofti in Central Java. This is indicated by the microfilaria rate of 2.8% in 2016. To reduce the number of filariasis cases, mass drug administration has been carried out since 2011. The aim of the study was to describe the epidemiology of the distribution of filariasis endemic areas, microfilaria rate, treatment coverage. mass and the correlation of sociodemographic factors with the incidence of filariasis. The research variables used secondary data in the form of filariasis cases, education, population density, gender and land use. Data analysis used Spearman's correlation. The results showed that cases of filariasis were spread across all districts with an increasing number of endemic areas during 2011-2016. Efforts to mass treatment have not been successful (mf rate > 1% and treatment coverage < 65%) and must be repeated in 2017-2019. Sociodemographic factors were not related to the incidence of clinical or chronic cases of filariasis. To accelerate the achievement of filariasis elimination, it is necessary to add vector control efforts in integrated filariasis management

Efektivitas Ikan Asin, Limbah Ikan dan Umpan Alami Sebagai Umpan Lalat pada Perangkap Lalat Ramah Lingkungan (Eksperimen Lapangan di Kandang Ternak Rumah Pemotongan Hewan Pegirian Surabaya Tahun 2022)

Density of flies was a health problem that must be controlled so as not to cause health problems. One of the control methods was by physically controlling using ecofriendly flytrap with organic bait, namely fish waste, which is a salted fish and natural bait. The research objective was to analyze the effectiveness of fish waste, salted fish, and natural bait as fly bait on ecofriendly flytrap. This type of research is quasi-experimental using the post test group design. The results of the data were based on the calculation of the number of flies and measurements of physical environmental factors in the field for 9 days. Then, the data were analyzed using the Kruskall Wallis statistical test with α of 5%. The results showed that fish waste bait attracted more flies than salted fish bait and natural bait, while statistical tests showed that there were differences in the number of flies caught in fly traps with various baits according to the hypothesis, namely p value <0.05. Fish waste was effectively used as bait in an ecofriendly flytrap

Pengaruh Variasi Gliseril Monostearat pada Krim Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga Merah Super (Hylocereus costaricensis) dan Uji Antioksidannya

A Glyceryl monostearate can be used as an emulsifier because it can affect the increase in antioxidant activity. The study aims to determine the effect of fluctuations in the concentration of glyceryl monostearate (GMS) on the physical properties of cream preparations containing 70% ethanol extract from the skin of super red dragon fruit and their antioxidant activity. The research methods carried out experimentally include the manufacture of extracts from super red dragon fruit peel, phytochemical screening using thin layer chromatography, formulations using various concentrations of glyceryl monostearate 8%, 10%, 12% then the physical quality of the cream and antioxidant activity test using the DPPH method. The results of one-way ANOVA for pH, dispersion, adhesion, and viscosity tests showed a p-value of> 0.05, indicating that there was no significant difference. The IC50 results obtained with equations 1, 2, and 3 are 3.69 mg/L, respectively. 3.98mg/L; and 4.78mg/L. Formula 3 is the best formula and estimates the antioxidant activity of Vitamin C, which is a positive control, at a value of 5.83 mg/L. The results of the irritation test showed that none of the formulations caused irritation. The preference test results showed that the respondents liked all the formulas. The conclusion of this study is that increased fluctuations in the concentration of glyceryl monostearate did not affect the physical properties of super red dragon fruit skin extract cream, but did affect its antioxidant activity

Evaluasi Pola dan Rasionalitas Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Pasien Neonatus di Ruang NICU dan Perinatal RSUD Banjarnegara

Neonates are particularly susceptible to infections caused by exposure to microorganisms during labor or shortly after birth. Some neonates require treatment in the NICU and perinatal rooms because of cases of infection that require antibiotics as therapy. This study aimed to determine the pattern of antimicrobial administration, antimicrobial rationality, and its relationship to clinical outcomes. This study used a cross-sectional design with prospective data collection using the medical record of neonates in the NICU and Perinatal rooms at RSUD Banjarnegara during November 2020-January 2021. The samples in this study were all neonatal patients who received antibiotics. Evaluation of antibiotics use was carried out using the Gyssens method. Descriptive analysis was conducted to determine the description of the research sample and the antibiotics used. A total of 131 samples had normal birth weight characteristics of 71%. The single antibiotic most frequently used as amoxicillin (21 patients), and the combination antibiotic was ampicillin+gentamicin (106 patients). The results of the evaluation using the Gyssens method showed that patients received 265 antibiotics, 85.55% were in category 0, 8.75% in category IIa, 3.8% in category IIIb, and 1.9% in category IIb. Of the 131 neonates treated, 124 patients were declared improved and 7 others died. The correlation between antibiotic rationality and clinical outcomes was analyzed by Chi-square, the result of the Asymp value. Sig (2-sided) 0.138 which means there is no relationship between the two. The rationality and effectiveness of clinical outcomes of antibiotics used during the study were considered good because the number of patients who were discharged with improved conditions was much greater than those who died

Analisis Efektifitas Biaya Terapi Pengobatan Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 terhadap Kontrol Glukosa Darah

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by blood glucose levels exceeding normal. The length of therapy in DM patients causes the large amount of treatment costs incurred, although in Indonesia BPJS insurance is used but this puts the burden of health financing on the Indonesian government, so there is a need for an analysis of costs associated with therapeutic outcomes. The purpose of this study was to analyze the Cost Effectiveness of Type 2 DM patients in a hospital in the South Surabaya area. The method used is observation, with retrospective observation on type 2 DM patients in outpatient internal polyclinics for the period April – December 2021. The results obtained were 30 patients who routinely controlled 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 months, receiving single therapy or a combination of antidiabetic drugs. In this study, a cost and effectiveness analysis was carried out with the measurement of therapeutic outcomes, namely pre-post GDP and pre-post GD2PP. The conclusion of this study were 30 female patients (100%), age > 45 years 24 people (80%). The effectiveness of sulfonylurea single therapy is 50% with an ACER of between Rp. 4,392.48 – Rp. 18,686.86 routine control 2, 3 and 9 months. For the treatment of 2 combinations of Thiazolidinediones + Insulin has an effectiveness value of 100% with ACER Rp. 42,490.08 routine control 6 months. While the 3 combinations that have a 100% effectiveness value are the combination of Sulfonylurea + Thiazolidinedione + Biguanide with an ACER price of Rp. 6,668.4 routine follow-up for 3 months. In 3 combinations of oral antidiabetic with insulin (Insulin + Sulfonylurea + Thiazolidioine + alpha glucosidase inhibitor) has a 100% effectiveness value, the ACER price is Rp. 36,082.36 routine control 7 months

Efektivitas Filtrat Daun Cengkih (Syzygium aromaticum) sebagai Repellent terhadap Lalat Rumah (Musca domestica) dengan Metode Space Spraying

The house fly is a mechanical vector for spreading diseases. Controlling flies using chemical repellents continuously could results in resistance to flies. The other alternative is using clove leave filtrate as a natural repellent. The content of clove leaves that have function as a repellent are: eugenol, saponins, and flavonoids. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of clove leaf filtrate as a natural repellent against house flies. The space spraying method was carried out with an air diffuser and exposed for 6 hours. This type of research uses a simple quasi-experiment with a post test only control group design. The study used clove leaf concentrations of 10%, 15%, 20%, aquadest, and was replicated 6 times. The number of house flies used are 600. The result showed that the average flies that refused bait on the control was 28%, the concentration of 10% was 61.3%, 15% was 84%, and 20% was 91.3%. The results of the One Way Anova test, stated the p-value of 0.000 (<0.05), which means that there is a difference in the average number of house flies that refuse bait.The conclusion of this study is that clove leaf filtrate is effective as a house fly repellent

Uji Resistensi Vektor Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) Terhadap Insektisida Permethrin di Kota Binjai Provinsi Sumatera Utara Tahun 2022

The control effort of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) which is transmitted by the Aedes sp. infected with the Dengue virus, of which can be done by fogging. The active ingredient for fogging generally uses the insecticide permethrin. This study aimed to identify the resistance status of DHF vectors to the insecticide permethrin in controlling DHF vectors. The method of collecting Aedes sp. larvae was carried out in 100 residents' houses in neighborhoods 3 and 4 of Damai Village, North Binjai District, Binjai City, North Sumatra Province by observing each water reservoir that has the potential to become a breeding ground for Aedes sp. Aedes sp. larvae colonized until the F1 generation, then tested for resistance to permethrin insecticide using the CDC Bottle method. Data analysis was carried out descriptively. The percentage of death of test mosquitoes was 25% (<80%). It was concluded that the Aedes sp. in Neighborhoods 3 and 4 of Damai Village, North Binjai District, Binjai City were resistant to the insecticide permethrin. It is recommended that the Binjai City Health Office/Government make a policy in controlling the DHF vector by replacing Permethrin insecticide with another class of insecticides