Peran Pengambil Kebijakan dan Masyarakat dalam Pencegahan Penularan Filariasis (Studi Kualitatif)

Filariasis is still a health problem in East TanjungJabung and Belitung regencies even though mass treatment activities have been carried out for five rounds. Both districts are still endemic for filariasis because the Microfilaria rate (Mf rate) is still more than 1%. This study aims to identify the role of the community of various parties in controlling filariasisin Tanjung Jabung Timur and Belitung regencies. The research design is descriptive with a qualitative approach. Informants for the in-depth interviews were health workers at the district, sub-district and village levels as well as the village community. The number of health worker informants was 10 people, 16 community leaders, 16 cadres, and 9 sufferers, while the FGD consisted of 4 groups. Each group consists of 7 participants. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and group discussions and the data were analyzed qualitatively. Recruitment of informants for determining in-depth interviews using the snow ball method. The results showed that the roles of officers and policy makers in TanjungJabung Timur Regency were quite good, but in Belitung Regency they were less involved. Meanwhile, the role of community leaders in Indonesia is still not optimal in controlling filariasisespecially in disseminating information about filariasis. Therole of community leaders in East Tanjung Jabung Regency is more powerful than Belitung Regency. Filariasis control activities still need support from policy makers in allocating budgets and the role of community leaders to mobilize the community to be actively involved in controlling filariasis

Deteksi Plasmodium knowlesi Menggunakan Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) di Kecamatan Muara Komam Kalimantan Timur

Plasmodium knowlesi is a parasite of the genus plasmodium that naturally infects long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis), but currently reported has ability to infect humans.  The identification/detection of P. knowlesi can be done using RDT, microscopic, or molecular examinations using nested PCR.  Nested PCR is the most sensitive and specific method of examination to date.  This study aimed to detect P. knowlesi in humans by RDT, microscopic, and nested PCR examinations.  The study was descriptive with a cross-sectional approach, carried out from March to July 2019.  The samples in this study were 123 patients who were suspected of being infected with malaria and who underwent laboratory tests at the Muara Komam Health Center.  Microscopic examination and RDT examination were carried out at the Muara Komam Health Center, while nested PCR was carried out at the Eijkman Molecular Biology Laboratory Jakarta.  The results of RDT and microscopic examinations showed as many as 16 of 123 (13%) malaria-positive samples of P. falciparum and P. vivax, and 10 of 123 (8.1%) malaria-positive samples of P. falciparum and P. vivax.  Nested PCR tests targeting the rRNA SSU gene were able to identify P. knowlesi by 6 out of 123 (4.87%).  In conclusion, the study showed that Plasmodium knowlesi was detected in humans in Muara Komam, East Kalimantan through nested PCR examination

Penggunaan Deksametason pada Pasien COVID-19: Systematic Review dan Meta-analisis

COVID-19 is associated with disseminated lung damage in patients, Dexamethasone can reduce lung injury caused by inflammation and there reduce the progression to respiratory failure and prevent death. This systematic review aimed to determine the benefits and safety of Dexamethasone in COVID-19 treatment. The study was performed by a comprehensive literature search which were published in several databases i.e., PubMed, Science Direct, VHL Regional Portal, and ClinicalTrials.gov within the search time of 28 November 2020. Inclusion criteria were articles on the study on COVID-19 patients who received Dexamethasone, observational and experimental studies on the outcomes use evaluation of Dexamethasone. Exclusion criteria are the articles that do not provide control in controlled studies and do not show clear research results on the use of Dexamethasone. An initial search from four databases by entering keywords resulted in 1,046 articles. After screening articles duplication we obtained 835 studies. Finally, 6 articles were obtained after we screened for the article that it can be obtained its full text and 5 articles joined in articles included in the meta-analysis. The analysis showed that Dexamethasone in Covid-19 patients could reduce the incidence of death within 28 days with RR of 0.78 (95% CI 0.57–0.97 P=0.13) compared with Methylprednisolone, Dexamethasone was compared without corticosteroids with RR 0.89 (95% CI 0.82-0.97 P=0.01). Dexamethasone also reduced mechanical ventilator use during treatment with RR 0.95 (95% CI = 0.86-1.05 P = 0.28) compared without corticosteroids. The conclusion from these results: the use of Dexamethasone can reduce the number of deaths in COVID-19 patients, especially severe and critically ill category patients

Peran Pengelolaan Limbah Rumah Tangga Terhadap Kejadian Diare Pada Balita di Indonesia (Analisis Data Riskesdas 2018)

Waste with a certain concentration and quantity has a negative impact on the environment, especially for human health. Dominant environmental factors such as excreta disposal, drinking water sources, household waste water disposal channels, waste management play a role in the spread of diarrhea germs in toddlers. Diarrhea is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in children under five. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between household waste management and the incidence of diarrhea. The design of this research was cross sectional, by utilizing data from the 2018 Riskesdas activity, this was in accordance with the approval letter for the use of data issued by the Health Research and Development Agency Number: 11062001-118 dated June 22, 2020. Analysis of the relationship between waste management and the incidence of diarrhea in children under five had been carried out using logistic regression. The samples analyzed were 93,448 toddlers from Riskesdas 2018 data. The results of the analysis showed that the factors related to the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers in Indonesia were the majority male, the age of toddlers over two years old, handling and RT trash bins, and waste disposal sites. Handling household waste is the most dominant factor with the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers. Handling household waste is carried out in an environmentally friendly way by dumping it in a landfill, stockpiling or making compost, it is necessary for households to do so as not to be infested with flies which can be a source of transmission of diarrhea in children under five. Abstrak Limbah dengan konsentrasi dan kuantitas tertentu berdampak negatif terhadap lingkungan terutama bagi kesehatan manusia. Pengelolaan limbah rumah tangga merupakan pilar yang menentukan dalam kejadian diare pada balita. Faktor lingkungan yang dominan seperti pembuangan tinja, sumber air minum, saluran pembuangan air limbah rumah tangga, pengelolaan sampah,berperan dalam penyebaran kuman diare pada balita. Diare merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kesakitan dan kematian pada balita. Tujuan kajian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan pengelolaan limbah rumah tangga terhadap kejadian diare. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional, dengan memanfaatkan data hasil kegiatan Riskesdas 2018, hal ini sesuai dengan surat persetujuan penggunaan data yang dikeluarkan oleh Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Nomor : 11062001-118 tanggal 22 Juni 2020. Analisis hubungan pengelolaan limbah dengan kejadian diare pada balita telah dilakukan dengan regresi logistik. Sampel yang dianalisis sebanyak 93.448 balita dari data Riskesdas 2018. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian diare pada balita di Indonesia yaitu mayoritas berjenis kelamin laki-laki, umurbalita di atas dua tahun, penanganan dan tempat sampah rumah tangga, serta tempat pembuangan tinja balita. Penanganan sampah rumah tangga merupakan faktor yang paling dominan dengan kejadian diare pada balita. Penanganan sampah rumah tangga dilakukan dengan cara yang ramah lingkungan dengan membuang di TPA, menimbun, atau membuat kompos perlu dilakukan rumah tangga agar tidak dihinggapi lalat yang dapat menjadi sumber penularan diare pada balita

Dental Caries and Habit of Eating Sweet Foods, Drinking Sweet Drinks, and Brushing Teeth Correctly in the Community Aged 15-64 Years

Background: Dental caries is one of the dental and oral health problems that many Indonesian people complain about. Many dental caries are caused by bad habits, including consuming sweet foods and brushing teeth irregularly. The purpose of this analysis is to determine the relationship between the incidence of dental caries with the habit of eating sweet foods and sweet drinks and the habit of brushing teeth in the community aged 15-64 years in Indonesia. Methods: The research method is a further analysis of the data Riskesdas 2018  with a cross-sectional and non-interventional design. The research sample was all household members in the selected households. The samples analyzed were household members aged 15-64 years. Implementation of data collection wass done through interviews using a questionnaire. Further analysis of this data was carried out using univariate, bivariate and multivariate methods. Results: The results showed that the respondent's characteristics, that is  age, gender, education, and residence had a significant relationship with the incidence of dental caries, with p-value <0.05 (p=0.0001). The habit of eating sweet foods and drinking sweet drinks and brushing teeth correctly had a significant relationship with the incidence of dental caries, with p-value < 0.005 (p= 0.0001). The results of the multivariate test, almost all factors affect the incidence of dental caries, except for the occupational factor with p-value > 0.05 (p=0.260).   Keywords: Dental caries,  sweet foods,  sweet drinks, brushing teeth   &nbsp

Pengaruh Air Perasan Daun Pepaya terhadap Kematian Larva Aedes albopictus dalam Upaya Pencegahan Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is one of the vector-borne diseases which is still a public health problem in Indonesia. Efforts are needed to control mosquitoes both in the larval and adult stages. Papaya leaf could be a natural larvicide that is more environmentally friendly in an effort to control dengue vector. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of giving papaya leaf juice to the mortality of Aedes albopictus larvae. This research is quasi-experimental research design with post test only with control group design, with a sample of 30 third instar larvae divided into two groups, papaya leaf juice and aquadest. post test was carried out 4 times at 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours. The results of the study in the intervention group (50 ml of papaya leaf juice plus 200 ml of plain water in a paper cup/container) and the control group using 200 ml (aquadest) after the first 6 hours of treatment there were no deaths (0%), the 12th hour a small percentage of 5 deaths larvae (16.6%), at the 18th hour almost half of 12 larvae died (40%) and at the 24th hour most of the 18 (60%) Aedes albopictus larvae died. While the control group observed 6, 12, 18, 24 hours overall (100%) live Aedes albopictus larvae. There is an effect of giving papaya leaf juice to the mortality of Aedes albopictus larvae after 24 hours of observation. Leaf juice may be used as a larvicide in an effort to prevent the incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever

Muatan Lokal Schistosomiasis pada Anak Sekolah di Dataran Bada Kabupaten Poso Sulawesi Tengah

ABSTRACT Schistosomiasis in Indonesia is caused by the trematode worm, Schistosoma japonicum, with the snail Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis as the intermediate host. This disease in addition to infecting humans also infects all types of mammals, both domesticated and wild animals. Chronic schistosomiasis reduces the patient's ability to work, and in some cases causes death in all age groups. Intestinal helminth infections in school-age children exacerbate malnutrition. Prolonged malnutrition and intestinal worm infection can lead to stunting in school-age children. The research used is a mixed-method, namely qualitative and quantitative data collection. Data were obtained by in-depth interviews with key informants and focus group discussions. Provide schistosomiasis subject matter to school children by measuring students' knowledge level through pre and post-test. The study was conducted in an endemic area of Bada schistosomiasis to January-November 2019. The number of samples of junior high school students who took the pre and post-test was 69 samples and 101 samples of elementary school students. Based on the statistical analysis found a significant increase in students' knowledge about schistosomiasis with a p-value <0.001. Community empowerment through the provision of schistosomiasis subject matter to school children is proven to be effective in increasing students' knowledge to reduce the risk of stunting in children, increase the scope of feces collection, and change community behavior for the better to avoid transmission and always work devoutly to clean the focus of snail. ABSTRAK Schistosomiasis di Indonesia disebabkan oleh cacing trematoda jenis Schistosoma japonicum dengan hospes perantara keong Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis. Penyakit ini selain menginfeksi manusia, juga menginfeksi semua jenis mamalia baik hewan peliharaan maupun binatang liar. Schistosomiasis kronis menurunkan kemampuan penderita dalam bekerja, dan beberapa kasus menimbulkan kematian pada semua golongan umur. Infeksi cacing usus pada anak-anak usia sekolah memperburuk malnutrisi. Malnutrisi berkepanjangan dan infeksi cacing usus dapat mengakibatkan stunting pada anak usia sekolah. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah mixed method yaitu pengumpulan data secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Data diperoleh dengan wawancara mendalam kepada informan kunci dan diskusi kelompok terarah. Memberikan materi pelajaran schistosomiasis kepada anak sekolah dengan mengukur tingkat pengetahuan siswa melalui pre dan post-test. Penelitian telah dilakukan di daerah endemis schistosomiasis Bada sejak Bulan Januari-November 2019. Jumlah sampel siswa sekolah tingkat pertama yang mengikuti pre dan post test 69 sampel dan siswa sekolah dasar 101 sampel. Berdasarkan analisis statistik ditemukan peningkatan yang signifikan pengetahuan pada siswa tentang schistosomiasis dengan nilai p-value<0,001. Pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui pemberian materi pelajaran schistosomiasis pada anak sekolah terbukti efektif meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa sehingga mengurangi resiko stunting pada anak-anak, meningkatkan cakupan pengumpulan tinja dan mengubah perilaku masyarakat menjadi lebih baik untuk menghindari penularan dan selalu bekerja bakti membersihkan fokus keong