Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Serum Antijerawat yang Mengandung Minyak Atsiri Bunga Lawang (Illicium verum Hook. f.)

Acne vulgaris merupakan peradangan unit polisebasea yang sering dikaitkan dengan infeksi Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes). Penggunaan antibakteri topikal seperti klindamisin secara berlebihan telah menyebabkan resistensi C. acnes, sehingga diperlukan alternatif pengobatan. Minyak atsiri bunga lawang (Illicium verumHook. f.) mengandung trans-anetol yang diketahui memiliki aktivitas antibakteri, namun belum banyak diteliti terhadap C. acnes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas antibakteri minyak atsiri bunga lawang terhadap C. acnes, menentukan nilai Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) dan Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), serta mengembangkan formula serum topikal yang optimal dan efektivitas antibakteri serum minyak atsiri bunga lawang. Metode yang digunakan meliputi uji difusi agar dan makrodilusi. Kontrol positif berupa gel 1% klindamisin, sedangkan kontrol negatif menggunakan DMSO 100% dan formula tanpa minyak atsiri. Minyak atsiri konsentrasi 100% menunjukkan zona hambat terbesar 12,875 ± 0,609 mm. MIC tercatat sebesar 1,56%, sedangkan MBC >25%. Formula serum terbaik adalah F2 yang mengandung 5% minyak atsiri, dengan hasil evaluasi mutu organoleptis berupa cair agak kental berwarna putih dengan aroma khas bunga lawang, homogen, pH 4,947, tipe emulsi m/a, belum memenuhi syarat untuk viskositas dan daya sebar serta mempunyai zona hambat 7,558 ± 0,319 mm. Hasil ini menunjukkan potensi minyak atsiri sebagai antibakteri alternatif dalam pengobatan jerawat.   Acne vulgaris is an inflammatory condition of the pilosebaceous unit frequently associated with Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) infection. Excessive use of topical antibiotics such as clindamycin has led to the emergence of resistant C. acnes strains, necessitating alternative therapeutic approaches. Illicium verum essential oil, known for its high trans-anethole content, possesses antibacterial properties, though its efficacy against C. acnes remains underexplored. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of I. verum essential oil against C. acnes, determine its Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), and develop an optimized topical serum formulation. Antibacterial activity was assessed using agar diffusion and macro-dilution methods. A 1% clindamycin gel served as the positive control, while 100% DMSO and a base formulation without essential oil were used as negative controls. The 100% essential oil exhibited the largest inhibition zone (12.875 ± 0.609 mm), with an MIC of 1.56% and MBC >25%. The optimal serum formulation (F2) contained 5% essential oil and showed desirable organoleptic properties, pH 4.947, oil-in-water emulsion type, though it did not meet the criteria for viscosity and spreadability. Its antibacterial zone was 7.558 ± 0.319 mm. These findings indicate the potential of I. verum essential oil as an alternative antibacterial agent for acne treatment.   Submitted: 16-08-2024, Revised: 16-12-2024, Accepted: 21-04-2025, Published regularly: June 202

PENGARUH LOGISTICS SERVICE QUALITY TERHADAP CUSTOMER SATISFACTION PADA PENGGUNA JASA KURIR SHOPEE EXPRESS DI SURABAYA

Abstract—This study aims to determine the effect of logistics service quality, namely personnel contact quality, timeliness, order conditions, order discrepancy handling, and operational information sharing on customer satisfaction among Shopee Express courier service   users in Surabaya. This research method uses a questionnaire with a total of 180 respondents in Surabaya who have used Shopee Express in the last 6 months. The regression model in this study is SEM (Structural Equation Model) with AMOS 23 software. The results of this study indicate that the variables of personnel contact quality, timeliness, order condition, order discrepancy handling, and operational information sharing have an effect on customer satisfaction. Keywords: logistics service quality, customer satisfaction, shopee express   Abstrak—Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh logistics service quality, yaitu personnel contact quality, timeliness, order condition, order discrepancy handling, dan operational information sharing terhadap customer satisfaction pada pengguna jasa kurir Shopee Express di Surabaya. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner dengan jumlah responden sebesar 180 responden di Surabaya yang pernah menggunakan Shopee Express 6 bulan terakhir. Model pada penelitian merupakan SEM (Structural Equation Model) dengan software AMOS 23. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel personnel contact quality, timeliness, order condition, order discrepancy handling, dan operational information sharing berpengaruh terhadap customer satisfaction. Kata kunci: kualitas layanan logistik, kepuasan pelanggan, shopee expres

Congenital Basal Meningocele: An Unusual Cause of Nasal Obstruction in Early Life

Abstract— Basal meningoceles are rare congenital defects that can cause nasal obstruction and often clinically occult until they result in life-threatening complications. Knowing the clues to early diagnosis, management, and complications is essential. Case: A 7-day-old baby girl was referred to our hospital because of high fever and dyspnoea, and the baby was diagnosed with pneumonia, lip tie, cup ears and suspicion of laryngomalacia. The patient got dyspnoea with stridor when drinking, and it decreased when her mouth was open. The suction catheter could not enter through the left choana. The nasal endoscopy showed an elevation of the hard palate. A 3-dimensional facial CT scan demonstrated a transsellar–transsphenoidal meningocele protruding into the left nasal cavity. A diluted liquid came out from the left nose with a yellowish-clear colour, and the baby showed a high-pitched cry. Bacterial meningitis was established from cerebrospinal liquor analyses. After meningitis treatment, surgical repair to meningocele reposition and bone defect repair was done at 40 days. Conclusion: In our case, the nasal obstruction was not detected from the beginning of birth, and it led to delays in finding the cause. Basal meningocele in this case was accidentally diagnosed by a facial CT scan exploring the cause of choana atresia. It’s essential to detect choana atresia since birth, explore the etiology immediately, and manage it well to prevent life-threatening complications. Keywords: nasal obstruction, congenital basal meningocele   Abstrak—Meningocele basal merupakan kelainan kongenital langka yang dapat menyebabkan obstruksi hidung yang secara klinis sering tersembunyi sehingga baru diketahui saat sudah terjadi komplikasi. Oleh karena itu sangat penting untuk mengetahui cara menegakkan diagnosis dini agar dapat diberi tata laksana yang tepat untuk mencegah terjadinya komplikasi yang mengancam nyawa. Kasus: Seorang bayi perempuan berusia 7 hari dirujuk ke rumah sakit kami karena demam tinggi dan dispnoea dan bayi itu didiagnosis sebagai pneumonia, ikatan bibir, telinga cangkir dan kecurigaan laringomalesia. Pasien mengalami dispnea dengan stridor saat minum; dan menurun ketika mulutnya terbuka. Kateter hisap tidak bisa masuk melalui choana kiri. Endoskopi hidung menunjukkan peningkatan langit-langit keras. CT scan wajah 3 dimensi menunjukkan transsellar – meningocele transsphenoidal yang menonjol ke dalam rongga hidung kiri. Cairan encer keluar dari hidung kiri dengan warna bening kekuningan, dan bayi itu menunjukkan tangisan nada tinggi. Meningitis bakteri ditetapkan dari analisis cairan serebrospinal. Setelah meningitis diobati, perbaikan bedah reposisi meningocele dan perbaikan cacat tulang dilakukan pada usia 40 hari. Kesimpulan: Dalam kasus kami, meningocele basal secara tidak sengaja didiagnosis dengan CT scan wajah yang mengeksplorasi penyebab choana atresia. Sangat penting untuk mendeteksi choana atresia sejak lahir, segera mengeksplorasi etiologinya, dan mengelolanya dengan baik untuk mencegah komplikasi yang mengancam jiwa. Kata kunci:  obstruksi hidung, meningocele basal kongenita

The Effect of Roasting and Baking Cowpeas on the Moisture Content, Physical Properties, and Organoleptic Properties of Nut Cakes: Pengaruh Sangrai dan Pemanggangan Kacang Tunggak terhadap Kadar Air, Sifat Fisik, dan Organoleptik Kue Kacang

Many local nuts are found in Indonesia. One type of nut that can be used as an innovation in making cookies is cowpea. This research aims to observe the differences in the process of making cowpea flour using roasting and oven methods in terms of moisture content, physical characteristics (color and texture), and organoleptic assessment. This experimental research used a 100% percentage and was repeated twice for making cowpea cookies. Data were analyzed using a t-test. The results showed that the roasting and oven methods in the process of grinding cowpea flour significantly affected the physical characteristics of color but did not affect moisture content and texture. In terms of organoleptic properties, including color, aroma, taste, and texture, panelists tended to prefer cookies made with roasted cowpea flour. Overall, cookies made with roasted cowpea flour were rated to have better organoleptic results compared to those made with oven-dried cowpea flour

Unsur Sengaja pada Tanah Yang Tidak Dipergunakan Atau Dimanfaatkan dalam Perspektif Hukum Administrasi Pertanahan

Land plays a strategic role in Indonesia’s national development as both a livelihood and a constitutional mandate. However, the prevalence of abandoned land—over 99,099 hectares officially designated, and 854,662 hectares identified—raises critical legal concerns. Government Regulation No. 20 of 2021 on the Control of Abandoned Areas and Land aims to address this issue through administrative means yet introduces interpretative challenges surrounding the legal element of “intentionally” not utilizing land. This article examines the juridical interpretation of the “intent” requirement in determining whether land is deemed abandoned. The absence of a clear, objective definition of “intentionally” poses legal uncertainty and the risk of arbitrary state action that may infringe upon constitutionally protected land rights. Through normative juridical analysis, this study argues that the subjective nature of “intent” must be clarified by observable indicators, such as prolonged inaction, overgrown physical conditions, or documented administrative neglect. The research further highlights potential contradictions in implementation, including unequal treatment between state-held land and privately held plots. In conclusion, while abandoned land policies are essential for equitable agrarian reform, the state must ensure legal certainty, procedural safeguards, and proportional interpretation of "intent" to uphold agrarian justice and constitutional property rights. The paper recommends technical guidelines for determining intent and emphasizes the importance of due process before revoking land rights under the pretext of abandonment

Politik Hukum: Sertipikat Elektronik pada Sertipikat Ganda

The use of electronic certificates in land ownership in the digital era offers a modern solution, but also faces challenges in handling cases of dual certificates. This article examines the process of proving electronic certificates when there is a dispute over claims of dual ownership, as well as how legal protection is provided to ensure the validity and security of electronic land certificates. Through a legal analysis, this article discusses verification mechanisms that can strengthen the authenticity of electronic certificates, including the use of technologies such as blockchain as an effort to increase transparency and public trust. In addition, this article also evaluates the guarantee of protection provided for electronic land certificates, which include the arrangement of unique codes, QR codes, and limited access policies on certain applications such as Sentuh Tanahku which can only be accessed by related parties, such as the government, Notaries, and PPAT. Obstacles in proving the legality of electronic certificates in court are also discussed, especially regarding the validity of data and the recognition of electronic certificates as valid evidence. By identifying the obstacles and opportunities in the implementation of electronic certificates, this article provides insight into the steps needed so that electronic certificates can become a valid and trusted instrument of proof of land ownership in resolving dual certificate conflicts.   Keywords: Electronic Land Certificate, Overlapping Certificate, Evidence, Legal Certaint

Formulasi dan Uji Karakteristik Sabun Cair dengan Menggunakan Ekstrak Buah Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa)

Sabun merupakan salah satu kebutuhan pokok manusia dalam kehidupan sehari-hari sebagai agen pembersih untuk melawan kuman dan bakteri. Bahan baku sabun dapat terbuat dari bahan kimia maupun alami. Salah satu tanaman herbal seperti buah mahkota dewa dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai tambahan dalam pembuatan sabun karena memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan cemaran mikroba pada sediaan sabun cair ekstrak mahkota dewa dengan rasio konsentrasi yang berbeda (4%, 8%, dan 12%). Metode pada penelitian ini yaitu eksperimental yang meliputi formulasi sediaan, pemeriksaan organoleptis, pH, viskositas, bobot jenis, angka lempeng total (ALT), dan hedonik. Hasil karakteristik sabun cair ekstrak buah mahkota yang diperoleh pada uji organoleptis berbentuk cairan dengan warna kecoklatan dan bau khas, pada uji pH pada sediaan sabun cair ekstrak buah mahkota dewa didapatkan hasil rentang 4 – 10, pada uji viskositas didapatkan hasil rentang 1484 - 3154 cPs, pada uji bobot jenis didapatkan rentang 1,03 - 1,14g/mL, pada uji ALT didapatkan cemaran 0,05. Hasil evaluasi karakteristik pH, viskositas, bobot jenis, dan hedonik menunjukkan tidak terdapat pengaruh perbedaan konsentrasi terhadap parameter tersebut, sedangkan pada parameter tekstur dan warna terdapat pengaruh.   Soap is one of the basic human needs in everyday life as a cleaning agent to fight germs and bacteria. Soap raw materials can be made from chemical or natural materials. One of the herbal plants such as mahkota dewa fruit can be used as an additional in making soap because it has antibacterial activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics and microbial contamination in liquid soap preparations of mahkota dewa extract with different concentration ratios (4%, 8%, and 12%). The method in this study was experimental which included formula preparation, organoleptic, pH, viscosity, specific gravity, total plate count (ALT), and hedonic examination. The results of the characteristics of liquid soap extract of mahkota dewa fruit obtained in the organoleptic test were in the form of a brownish liquid and a distinctive odor, in the pH test on the liquid soap preparation of mahkota fruit extract, the results ranged from 4 to 10, in the viscosity test, the results ranged from 1484 to 3154 cPs, in the specific gravity test, the range was 1.03 - 1.14g/mL, in the ALT test, contamination was 0.05. The results of the evaluation of pH, viscosity, specific gravity, and hedonic characteristics showed that there was no effect of differences in concentration on these parameters, while there was an effect on the texture and color parameters.   Submitted: 28-04-2025, Revised: 18-06-2025, Accepted: 25-06-2025, Published regularly: June 202

From Campus to Business: The Impact of University Support, Subjective Norms, and Attitudes On Students Entrepreneurial Intentions

Purpose: Entrepreneurship is one solution to overcome the problem of unemployment; therefore, this study aims to determine the factors that influence entrepreneurial intentions Method: This study using 208 data respondents. Collecting data through online survey with judgmental sampling. The data analyzed with SEM Methods. Result: Based on this findings, perceived university support plays important role to boost the subjective norm and positive attitude towards entrepreneurship. The subjective norm and positive attitude had effect on forming entrepreneurial intention. This result has effect on management decision making.&nbsp

The Influence of Service Quality and Trust on Customer Loyalty with Customer Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable (The Case Of Alodokter Health Services Application)

Purpose:This study aims to analyze the effect of Service Quality and Trust on Customer Loyalty with Customer Satisfaction as an intervening in the Alodokter Health Service Application in Surabaya. The object of this study is individuals who have and have used the Alodokter Health Service Application, especially those in the city of Surabaya. Method: This research is a causal research using non-probability sampling techniques with purposive sampling. Respondents in this study are respondents who are at least 17 years old, domiciled in the city of Surabaya, who own and have used the Alodokter Health Service Application more than once in the last six months to one year. The data analysis tool used in this study is Partial Least Square with the SmartPLS 3.0 program application. Result: The results of this study show that Service Quality has a positive and significant effect on Customer Satisfaction. Trust has a positive and significant effect on Customer Satisfaction. Customer Satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on Customer Loyalty. Service Quality has a positive and significant effect on Customer Loyalty. Trust has a positive and significant effect on Customer Loyalty. Service Quality has a positive and significant effect on Customer Loyalty mediated by Customer Satisfaction. Trust has a positive and significant effect on Customer Loyalty mediated by Customer Satisfaction

The Association of Respondent Characteristics with Hyperglycemia among Obesity at the Outpatient Clinic

The prevalence of obesity continues to increase and has become one of the significant risk factors for insulin resistance. This condition contributes to the rising prevalence of diabetes mellitus and various metabolic disorders. This study aimed to investigate the association between risk factors andblood glucose levels in individuals with obesity. The respondents were individuals with obesity who had existing medical records and subsequently registered at the outpatient clinic of IHC Lavalette Hospital, Malang. This research employed an observational study design with a cross-sectional method. Sampling was conducted using purposive sampling based on inclusion criteria, resulting in 121 respondents. Data were collected through interviews and medical records and analysed using Fisher exact test. The results showed that certain risk factors were significantly associated with the occurrence of hyperglycemia, including male (OR = 8.376; 95% CI: 1.619–83.695), age 51–75 years (OR = 10.283; 95% CI: 1.979– 102.917), and not taking OADs (OR = 8.426; 95% CI: 1.855–52.901). No significant associations were observed for employment status, marital status, family history of diabetes mellitus, sleep habits, or class I and II obesity. Results related to comorbidity and several odds ratio estimates had wide confidence intervals, reflecting uncertainty due to the small number of cases. Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted