Understanding Skintific Product Customer Loyalty Based on Sensory Experience, Value Perception and Satisfaction

Purpose: This research seeks to explore the influence of sensory experiences and perceived value on consumer satisfaction and loyalty regarding Skintific products among Samarinda's residents. Method: This study employs a quantitative approach with associative methods. The population consists of Samarinda residents who use Skintific products, with a total of 130 respondents. The sampling technique used is non-probability sampling, specifically the accidental sampling method. Result: The findings indicate that sensory experience has a significant impact on both customer satisfaction and loyalty. However, perceived value significantly affects customer satisfaction but does not have a notable influence on customer loyalty. However, through an indirect connection, perceived value can impact loyalty via satisfaction. Consequently, the results suggest that customer satisfaction serves a crucial function as a mediator in linking perceived value with customer loyalty. Therefore, initiatives to boost perceived value should align with efforts to enhance customer satisfaction in order to build enduring loyalty

ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SIBER UNTUK SELF DEFENSE DALAM CYBER WARFARE DITINJAU DARI HUKUM INTERNASIONAL

Abstract–Cyber warfare is a term that refers to conflicts carried out in cyberspace using cyber media as a weapon. Cyber warfare includes state actions not only in carrying out attacks, but also in carrying out actions to defend itself. The cyber warfare that occurred between Russia and Georgia in 2008 was a cyber war that used cyber media to attack and defend. Georgia counterattacked using cyber media to defend itself from Russian cyber attacks. International law regulates state actions in self-defense based on Article 51 of the UN Charter which requires armed attack, the necessity and proportionalities in its implementation. In international law, there are no regulations regarding a country's self-defense measures when cyber warfare occurs. This causes Article 51 of the UN Charter to also apply to cyber warfare. In international law, there are no regulations regarding a country's self-defense actions when cyber war occurs. This causes Article 51 of the UN Charter to also apply to cyber warfare. This research aims to analyze whether Georgia's actions in carrying out retaliatory attacks in response to Russian cyberattacks can be categorized as acts of self-defense under international law. The research method used is the normative juridical legal research method, namely a legal research method by solving legal facts/events using international legal sources. The results of this research indicate that Georgia's use of cyber media as a counterattack to defend itself from Russian cyber attacks cannot be categorized as an act of self-defense based on Article 51 of the UN Charter and customary international law. Even though it cannot be categorized as a form of self-defense, Russia's actions in carrying out its cyber attacks still had a significant impact on Georgia. Keywords: cyber warfare, self defense, armed attack   Abstrak–Peperangan siber adalah suatu istilah yang merujuk pada konflik yang dilakukan di ruang siber dengan menggunakan media siber sebagai senjatanya. Peperangan siber di dalamnya mencakup tindakan negara tidak hanya dalam melakukan serangan, namun juga dalam melakukan tindakan untuk bertahan atau mempertahankan diri. Perang siber yang terjadi antara Rusia dan Georgia pada tahun 2008 di dalamnya mencakup penggunaan media siber yang ditujukan untuk menyerang dan bertahan. Georgia melakukan serangan balasan menggunakan media siber untuk mempertahankan diri terhadap serangan siber Rusia.  Hukum internasional di dalamnya mengatur mengenai tindakan negara untuk mempertahankan diri berdasarkan pada Article 51 UN Charter yang mengharuskan adanya serangan bersenjata, keharusan dan kesebandingan dalam pelaksanaannya. Belum adanya ketentuan khusus dalam hukum internasional yang mengatur mengenai perang siber, membuat pengaturan mengenai tindakan mempertahankan diri bagi suatu negara selama perang siber juga turut di dasarkan pada Article 51 UN Charter. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa apakah tindakan Georgia dalam melakukan serangan balasan untuk merespons serangan siber Rusia dapat dikategorikan sebagai tindakan membela diri berdasarkan pada hukum internasional. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah menggunakan metode penelitian hukum yuridis normatif, yaitu metode penelitian hukum dengan memecahkan fakta/peristiwa hukum menggunakan sumber-sumber hukum internasional. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media siber yang digunakan oleh Georgia sebagai serangan balasan untuk mempertahankan diri dari serangan siber Rusia tidak dapat dikategorikan sebagai tindakan self defense berdasarkan Article 51 UN Charter dan hukum kebiasaan internasional. Namun, meskipun tidak dapat dikategorikan sebagai suatu bentuk self defense, perbuatan Rusia dalam melakukan serangan sibernya tetap memiliki dampak yang cukup signifikan terhadap Georgia. Kata kunci: perang siber, hak bela diri, dan serangan bersenjat

OPTIMIZING SOCIAL MEDIA STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF PT ICONNET (ICON+)

In today’s rapidly evolving digital landscape, social media has become a crucial tool for businesses seeking to build lasting relationships with their customers. This study investigates the role of social media in enhancing customer engagement at PT ICONNET (ICON+), a broadband internet service provider and subsidiary of PT PLN, amidst the fierce competition in Indonesia’s telecommunications market. Despite having strong infrastructure support from PLN, PT ICONNET faces significant challenges in optimizing its social media strategies, which impacts customer interaction and loyalty. Through a descriptive qualitative approach, including interviews, observations, and document analysis, this research identifies both the internal and external factors that influence the company’s social media effectiveness. The findings highlight the strengths of PT ICONNET, such as its reliable infrastructure and public sector reputation, but also reveal key weaknesses, including slow decision-making, inconsistent content strategy, and evolving social media algorithms. Based on SWOT, IFAS, and EFAS analyses, the study proposes strategies for improving engagement, such as content optimization, leveraging new social media features, and enhancing the digital team's capabilities. Given the    urgency of adapting to the digital demands of today’s consumers, the study concludes that PT ICONNET must adopt a more data-driven and adaptive social media strategy. This will help the company foster stronger customer connections, improve brand loyalty, and solidify its competitive edge in Indonesia’s dynamic ISP industry

Determinants of audit fees: Auditor status, risk, report lag, and ownership structure

Purpose – This study aims to analyze the factors influencing audit fees in financial sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The variables examined include audit firm status, company risk, audit report lag, and type of ownership. Methods – Secondary data were collected using a purposive sampling method from financial sector companies during the 2021–2023 period, resulting in 201 firm-year observations. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Findings - The results indicate that all independent variables—audit firm status, company risk, audit report lag, and type of ownership—have a positive influence on audit fees. Implications - The findings contribute to auditors, regulators, and stakeholders by providing insights into the determinants of audit fees and emphasizing the importance of high-quality audits in maintaining financial transparency and accountability. Originality - This research offers novelty by highlights the role of ownership type, a variable that has received limited attention in prior studies, particularly within the context of Indonesia's financial sector

Development of A Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System for Atenolol using Soybean Oil, Olive Oil and Virgin Coconut Oil

Oral formulations remain the primary method of drug delivery, however, the solubility and lipophilicity of compounds such as atenolol present significant obstacles. Atenolol, a β1-selective antihypertensive agent, exhibits limited solubility in both aqueous and gastrointestinal environments. Atenolol is developed in a lipid-based delivery system, specifically the Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS), to enhance its bioavailability and resolve this issue. SNEDDS can improve drug solubility by generating spontaneous nanoemulsions in the gastrointestinal tract. This study aims to evaluate and improve the main components of SNEDDS, specifically oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant, according to the parameters of % transmittance, polydispersity index (PI), and zeta potential. The research findings suggest that the nine formulas have not yet achieved the optimal attributes concerning clarity and durability against dilution. Differences in oil types and amounts of surfactants and cosurfactants influence droplet size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential. Formulas 2 (soybean oil), 7, and 9 (olive oil) exhibit physicochemical parameters that meets the criteria and possess potential for further advancement.   Submitted: 10-04-2025, Revised: 22-04-2025, Accepted: 07-05-2025, Published regularly: June 202

Strategi keuangan, corporate governance, dan nilai perusahaan: Peran mediasi profitabilitas

Purpose - This research examines the influence of Financial Strategy (Working Capital and Capital Structure) and Corporate Governance on Firm Value, with profitability as an intervening variable. Method - The research was conducted on companies listed in the Kompas 100 Index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2021-2022. Samples were selected using purposive sampling and analyzed using path analysis. Findings - The Results reveal significant positive effects of Working Capital Management, Capital Structure, and Corporate Governance on Profitability. This underscores the potential of a well-crafted financial strategy to enhance profitability. Conversely, working capital management and corporate governance significantly negatively impact Firm Value, while Capital Structure and Profitability demonstrate significant positive influences. Profitability effectively mediates the relationship between Working Capital, Capital Structure, Corporate Governance, and Firm Value. Implications - These findings have significant practical implications. They serve as a valuable reference for management, providing insights on how to optimize financial decisions and governance to maximize firm value. For investors, this research offers important indicators for evaluating investment prospects, empowering them to make informed decisions

Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Etanol Moringa oleifera L. terhadap Pertumbuhan Escherichia coli

Abstract—Escherichia coli. is a Gram-negative bacterium that commonly lives as normal flora in the digestive tract however, certain strains can cause serious diseases such as diarrhea and urinary tract infections. The high rate of antibiotic resistance has encouraged the search for alternative treatments based on natural ingredients. Moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) leaves are known to contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids, which have potential antibacterial properties. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of ethanol extract of Moringa leaves against the growth of E. coli using the disc diffusion method on Eosin Methylene Blue Agar(EMBA) medium. The treatments consisted of three extract concentrations—55%, 75%, and 95%—along with a positive control (chloramphenicol) and a negative control (96% ethanol). The results showed that the higher the extract concentration, the larger the inhibition zone diameter formed, namely 7.68 mm at 55%, 9.85 mm at 75%, and 10.86 mm at 95%. ANOVA analysis indicated a significant difference among treatments (p < 0.001). The antibacterial activity of Moringa leaf ethanol extract was categorized as moderate to strong and bacteriostatic, meaning it inhibits bacterial growth without completely killing the bacteria. Therefore, the ethanol extract of Moringa leaves has the potential to be developed as a natural antibacterial agent against Escherichia coli. Keywords: antibacterial, ethanol extract, Escherichia coli., inhibition, Moringa oleifera L.,   Abstrak—Escherichia coli.  merupakan bakteri Gram negatif yang umumnya hidup sebagai flora normal di saluran pencernaan, namun beberapa strainnya dapat menyebabkan penyakit serius seperti diare dan infeksi saluran kemih. Tingginya angka resistensi antibiotik mendorong perlunya pencarian alternatif pengobatan berbasis bahan alami. Daun kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) diketahui mengandung senyawa bioaktif seperti flavonoid, tanin, saponin, dan alkaloid yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak etanol daun kelor terhadap pertumbuhan E. coli menggunakan metode difusi cakram pada media Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA). Perlakuan terdiri atas tiga konsentrasi ekstrak, yaitu 55%, 75%, dan 95%, serta kontrol positif (kloramfenikol) dan kontrol negatif (etanol 96%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi ekstrak, semakin besar diameter zona hambat yang terbentuk, yaitu 7,68 mm pada 55%, 9,85 mm pada 75%, dan 10,86 mm pada 95%. Nilai ANOVA menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antarperlakuan (p < 0,001). Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun kelor tergolong sedang hingga kuat dan bersifat bakteriostatik, yaitu menghambat pertumbuhan tanpa membunuh bakteri secara total. Dengan demikian, ekstrak etanol daun kelor berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai agen antibakteri alami alternatif terhadap Escherichia coli. Kata kunci: antibakteri, ekstrak etanol, Escherichia coli., zona hambat, Moringa oleifera L.

Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) Pada Mahasiswa Pengguna Media Sosial: Bagaimana Korelasi Dengan Kecerdasan Emosional?

The high use of social media among university students tends to have a negative impact on the individual's psychological condition. One of them is the fear of missing out (FOMO), which is a feeling of fear of being left behind in information and events that encourages the formation of negative feelings and behavior. Protective factors are needed so that the level of fear of missing out (FOMO) does not increase, and one of them is emotional intelligence. However, there has been no correlational study between emotional intelligence and fear of missing out (FOMO) in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to identify the relationship between emotional intelligence and fear of missing out (FOMO) in university student social media users, with a quantitative correlational approach on study participants who are: (1) university students; (2) aged 18-24 years; and (3) using at least one social media. A total of 220 study participants were obtained by convenience sampling. Data collection was carried out using the Online Fear of Missing Out Inventory (ON-FOMO; 20 items; α = .792) and Alat Ukur Kecerdasan Emosional Tarumanagara (Tarumanagara Emotional Intelligence Measurement Inventory; 28 items; α = .893). The study data were analyzed using Pearson’s Product Moment, and the results showed that there was a negative correlation between emotional intelligence and fear of missing out (FOMO; rxy = - .480 > rtable; p = .000 < .05), with the strength of the relationship in the Medium category. These results mean that the higher the emotional intelligence, the lower the level of fear of missing out (FOMO), and vice versa. In addition, the results of this study show that emotional intelligence influences fear of missing out (FOMO) by 23%, with the remaining 77% contribution influenced by other factors not discussed in this study.Tingginya penggunaan media sosial pada mahasiswa cenderung menimbulkan dampak negatif pada kondisi psikologis individu. Salah satu adalah fear of missing out (FOMO), yaitu perasaan takut akan ketertinggalan informasi dan peristiwa yang mendorong terbentuknya perasaan dan perilaku negatif. Dibutuhkan faktor protektif agar tingkat fear of missing out (FOMO) tidak semakin tinggi, dan salah satunya adalah kecerdasan emosional. Walaupun demikian, belum terdapat studi korelasional antara kecerdasan emosional dengan fear of missing out (FOMO) di Indonesia. Maka dari itu, studi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara kecerdasan emosional dengan fear of missing out (FOMO) pada mahasiswa pengguna media sosial, dengan pendekatan kuantitatif korelasional pada partisipan studi yang merupakan: (1) mahasiswa; (2) berusia 18-24 tahun; dan (3) menggunakan minimal satu media sosial. Sebanyak 220 partisipan studi diperoleh dengan convenience sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan Online Fear of Missing Out Inventory (ON-FOMO; 20 butir; α = 0,792) dan Alat Ukur Kecerdasan Emosional Tarumanagara (28 butir; α = 0,893). Data dianalisis dengan Pearson’s Product Moment, dan hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi negatif antara kecerdasan emosional dan fear of missing out (FOMO; rxy = - 0,480 > rtabel; p = 0,000 < 0,05), dengan kekuatan hubungan pada kategori Sedang. Hasil tersebut berarti semakin tinggi kecerdasan emosional, maka semakin rendah tingkat fear of missing out (FOMO), dan demikian pula sebaliknya. Selain itu, hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa kecerdasan emosional memengaruhi fear of missing out (FOMO) sebesar 23%, dengan sisa kontribusi 77% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak dibahas dalam studi ini

Profil Laten Gejala Depresi Pada Remaja Indonesia: Temuan dari Indonesia Family Life Survey 5 (IFLS-5)

Adolescent depression is a major public health issue, yet there is limited study on depressive symptoms among Indonesian adolescents. Identifying distinct subgroups within this population could help inform targeted prevention and intervention efforts. This study analyzed data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey 5 (IFLS-5) utilizing Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) to identify depressive symptom subgroups. Chi-Square Tests were utilized for univariate analysis, and Logistic Regression Analysis examined associated factors. Among 2,267 adolescents, two symptom profiles emerged: (1) “Low-Level” Depressive Symptoms Profile (73.31%); and (2) “High-Level” Depressive Symptoms Profile (26.69%). Sex or gender was the only significant factor in the univariate analysis, with Logistic Regression Analysis revealing that female adolescents were more likely to exhibit high levels of depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that female adolescents are at greater risk for more severe depressive symptoms, highlighting the need for targeted prevention and intervention strategies.Depresi pada remaja merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang signifikan, tetapi studi mengenai gejala depresi di kalangan remaja Indonesia masih terbatas. Identifikasi sub-kelompok yang berbeda dalam populasi ini dapat memberikan informasi penting bagi upaya pencegahan dan intervensi yang lebih terarah. Studi ini menganalisis data dari Indonesia Family Life Survey 5 (IFLS-5) dengan menggunakan Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) untuk mengidentifikasi sub-kelompok gejala depresi. Analisis univariat dilakukan menggunakan Chi-Square Tests, sementara Logistic Regression Analysis digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor terkait. Dari 2.267 remaja yang dianalisis, ditemukan dua profil gejala depresi, yaitu: (1) Profil Gejala Depresi “Tingkat Rendah” (73,31%); dan (2) Profil Gejala Depresi “Tingkat Tinggi” (26,69%). Jenis kelamin atau gender merupakan satu-satunya faktor yang signifikan dalam analisis univariat, yang kemudian diperkuat dengan hasil Logistic Regression Analysis menunjukkan bahwa remaja perempuan memiliki kemungkinan lebih besar untuk mengalami gejala depresi tingkat tinggi. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa remaja perempuan memiliki risiko lebih tinggi mengalami gejala depresi yang lebih parah, sehingga diperlukan strategi pencegahan dan intervensi yang lebih spesifik dan terfokus

Unraveling The Nephroprotective Potential of Curcuma zedoaria Against Chronic Kidney Disease: A Network Pharmacology Approach

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a major global health concern with limited treatment options. Curcuma zedoaria , a traditional medicinal plant, has shown potential in managing inflammatory and oxidative stress-related conditions. This study aimed to explore its nephroprotective mechanisms through a network pharmacology approach. A total of 12 bioactive compounds were identified from C. zedoaria and screened for drug-likeness. SwissTargetPrediction revealed multiple molecular targets, with curdione, dehydrocurdione, and curcumin showing the highest connectivity. Integration with CKD-associated genes from GeneCards and GSE66494 datasets yielded 241 common targets. Using Cytoscape, a compound–target–disease network was constructed, highlighting key biological processes such as inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis. PPI analysis identified top hub proteins including HSP90AA1, STAT3, SRC, AKT1, MAPK1, and MAPK3. Functional enrichment via GO and KEGG pathways revealed significant involvement of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance and HIF-1 signaling pathways. These findings suggest that C. zedoaria exerts protective effects through a multitarget mechanism modulating critical pathways in CKD progression. This study provides a theoretical basis for further experimental validation and supports the potential use of C. zedoaria as a complementary therapy in CKD management.   Submitted: 21-05-2025, Revised: 15-06-2025, Accepted: 17-06-2025, Published regularly: June 202