An elegant operational matrix based on harmonic numbers: Effective solutions for linear and nonlinear fourth-order two point boundary value problems

This paper analyzes the solution of fourth-order linear and nonlinear two point boundary value problems. The suggested method is quite innovative and it is completely different from all previous methods used for solving such kind of boundary value problems. The method is based on employing an elegant operational matrix of derivatives expressed in terms of the well-known harmonic numbers. Two algorithms are presented and implemented for obtaining new approximate solutions of linear and nonlinear fourth-order boundary value problems. The two algorithms rely on employing the new introduced operational matrix for reducing the differential equations with their boundary conditions to systems of linear or nonlinear algebraic equations which can be efficiently solved by suitable solvers. For this purpose, the two spectral methods namely, Petrov-Galerkin and collocation methods are applied. Some illustrative examples are considered aiming to ascertain the wide applicability, validity, and efficiency of the two proposed algorithms. The obtained numerical results are satisfactory and the approximate solutions are very close to the analytical solutions and they are more accurate than those obtained by some other existing techniques in literature

(R1454) On Reducing the Linearization Coefficients of Some Classes of Jacobi Polynomials

This article is concerned with establishing some new linearization formulas of the modified Jacobi polynomials of certain parameters. We prove that the linearization coefficients involve hypergeometric functions of the type 4F3(1). Moreover, we show that the linearization coefficients can be reduced in several cases by either utilizing certain standard formulas, and in particular Pfaff-Saalschütz identity and Watson’s theorem, or via employing the symbolic algebraic algorithms of Zeilberger, Petkovsek, and van Hoeij. New formulas for some definite integrals are obtained with the aid of the developed linearization formulas

Полиморфизмы гена макрофагального белка-1, ассоциированного с естественной резистентностью и генетическая предрасположенность к туберкулезу легких у суданских пациентов

Genetic susceptibility to tuberculosis has been investigated worldwide, however a few studies conducted in Sudanese patients. Polymorphisms in NRAMP1 have shown an important association with susceptibility to tuberculosis and progression to active disease. However, whether there is an association of these polymorphisms with pulmonary tuberculosis among Sudanese patients is not investigated yet. The aim of this study was to determine the association of NRAMP1 polymorphisms with development of pulmonary tuberculosis in Sudanese subjects with pulmonary tuberculosis. A case-controls study (100 in each arm) was conducted at Al-Shaab Teaching Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan during the period of March through September 2017. Genotyping for NRAMP1 (rs3731865) INTR4 and (rs17235409) D543N was done by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).There was no significant difference in the mean± SD of the age and body mass index (BMI) between the cases (tuberculosis) and the controls [37.7 ± 4.1 vs. 35.9 ± 3.9 years; P=0.702] and [24.6 ± 1.9 vs. 24.7 ± 2.1; P=0.444], respectively. None of the genotype frequencies investigated in the two polymorphisms were associated with the development of pulmonary tuberculosis. There was a significant association with the development of tuberculosis with illiteracy P=<0.001. Gene polymorphisms of NRAMP1 (rs3731865) INTR4 and (rs17235409) D543N were not associated with pulmonary tuberculosis development in this setting. Further study is needed with larger sample size and different design and settings. Increase public awareness about tuberculosis infections and specially in those who are illiterateSusceptibilitatea genetică la tuberculoză a fost investigată la nivel mondial, cu toate acestea, câteva studii au fost efectuate la pacienţi sudanezi. Polimorfismele NRAMP1 au arătat o asociere importantă cu predispunerea la tuberculoză şi progresia către boala activă. Cu toate acestea, nu a fost încă investigat dacă există o asociere a acestor polimorfisme cu tuberculoza pulmonară la pacienţii sudanezi. Scopul acestui studiu a fost de a determina asocierea polimorfismelor NRAMP1 cu dezvoltarea tuberculozei pulmonare la subiecţii sudanezi cu tuberculoză pulmonară. Un studiu de caz-control (100 în fiecare lot) a fost realizat la Spitalul de predare Al-Shaab din Khartoum, Sudan, în perioada martie-septembrie 2017. Genotiparea pentru NRAMP1 (rs3731865) INTR4 şi (rs17235409) D543N a fost realizată prin reacţia de polimerizare în lanţ - polimorfismul de lungime a fragmentului de restricţie (PCR-RFLP). Nu a existat nici o diferenţă semnificativă cu privire la vârsta, indexul masei corpului (IMC) între cazuri (tuberculoza) şi control [37,7±4,1 vs. 35,9±3,9 ani; P=0,702] şi [24,6±1,9 vs. 24,7±2,1; P=0,444], respectiv. Niciuna dintre frecvenţele genotipului cercetate în cele două polimorfisme nu a fost asociată cu dezvoltarea tuberculozei pulmonare. A existat o asociere semnificativă cu dezvoltarea tuberculozei cu analfabetism P=<0,001. Polimorfismele genei NRAMP1 (rs3731865) INTR4 şi (rs17235409) D543N nu au fost asociate cu dezvoltarea tuberculozei pulmonare în acest studiu. Este necesar un studiu suplimentar cu dimensiuni mai mari ale eşantionului şi diferite concepţii şi setări. A creşte gradul de conştientizare a publicului cu privire la infecţiile cu tuberculoză şi în special la cei analfabeţiГенетическая предрасположенность к туберкулезу изучалась на мировом уровне. Тем не менее, есть ли связь этих полиморфизмов с туберкулезом легких среди суданских пациентов еще не исследовалось. Целью исследования явилось определение связи полиморфизмов NRAMP1 с развитием туберкулеза легких у пациентов с туберкулезом легких из Судана. Изучение случай-контроль (по 100 в каждой группе) было проведено на базе Учебной больницы Аль-Шааб из Хартум, Судан с марта по сентябрь 1917. Генотипирование для NRAMP1 (rs 3731865) INTR4 и (rs17235409) D543N было выполнено с помощью полимеразной цепной реакцией полиморфизма длины рестриктивного фрагмента (PCR-RFLP). Не выявлено значительных различий относительно возраста и индекса массы тела (IMC) в основной (туберкулез) и контрольной группы [[37.7±4.1 против 35.9±3.9 лет; P=0,702] соответственно. Ни у одной из частот генотипа в двух исследованных полиморфизмах не установлена связь с развитием туберкулеза легких. Связь с развитием туберкулеза была с вероятностью ошибки P=<0,001. Полиморфизмы гена NRAMO1(rs3731865) INTR4 и (rs17235409) D543N не были связаны с развитием туберкулеза легких в данном исследовании. Есть необходимость дальнейших исследований на обширном материале с адекватными дизайном и интерпретацией. Повышать осведомленность общественности о туберкулезных инфекциях, особенно среди неграмотны

The role of the flexibility of processes in measurement the relation be-tween the supply chain & development of a product Applied research: Al Doawra refinery

The researchers treated the problem of processing chain efficiency in Masfa Al doawra l Baghdad, which is owned by the ministry of petroleum. In addition to the productivity flexibility of filter weakness, which leads to its weakness in reacting to the demands of the variable customers. The work research’s goal was to notice the reality of the flexibility concept in creating value for the customer in the organization. And submitting a suggestion to the company about the trade-off standards between the processors, in a limit that is suitable with the new followed standards. To achieve these goals, the researchers used the measure to stagnate the pentagram, to confirm the research basics, and by using the measurements of central tendency (Arithmetic mean, standard deviation, critical ratio, variation coefficient). Depending on the spss program & AMOS program to analyze the relationship between the research variables, and the role of the medium variable among. The research reached that there is a high level of disagreement among the re-spondents about the supplier's after-sale services in the supply of raw materials and materials to the organization. The organization should establish policies that obligate the supplier to provide these services when needed. The organiza-tion is keen to maintain the high coordination process between it and the intermediaries and distributors to realize the importance of providing information by the parties in the right time and place and disclosure and availability when the request

Benefiting from the nanotechnology applications in the design and production of metal furniture and construction

The ability to see nanoscale materials has opened up a world of possibilities in a variety of industries and scientific endeavors. Because nanotechnology is essentially a group of technologies that allow properties to be manipulated on a very small scale, it can have many applications. worldwide as an innovative approach to enhancing the durability and functionality of different product categories. Over the past decades, the number of consumer goods that contain nanomaterials (NMs) has been increasing rapidly, and the application of this technology in creating systems at the level of structural materials, cladding and coating materials to be manufactured on a small nanoscale is one of the most important modern trends, which helped provide The possibility of revealing new scientific dimensions and thus obtaining more accurate and more important information, which may be exploited in the same way in the manufacture of furniture and metal construction so that it depends in its creation on these capabilities and multiple applications of nanotechnology. Accordingly, the research aims to monitor the implications of nanotechnology and its most important features on the future of furniture design and metal construction activities, and to try to extrapolate the possible development of all these reflections and the relationships between them in the process of designing and producing furniture and metal constructions. The research concluded that it is possible to benefit from the employment of nanotechnology in the field of arts and architecture in the field of designing and processing the raw materials for architectural cladding. “The technology generally touched on glass processing as a start, as a result of the increase in the rate of use of glass in the construction of interior facades in the form of glass walls and glass tiles, as well as in the fields of decoration. Treating artistic paintings to bring archaeological and valuable paintings to their original condition and remove traces of wear and tear and time factors

Evaluation of AND-CFAR and OR-CFAR Processors Under Different Clutter Models

In this paper an evaluation the detection performances for (AND-CFAR) and (OR-CFAR) processors under different clutter models is done for pulsed radar system. The clutter models used in this paper are three types of distribution (Exponential Clutter distribution, Rayleigh Clutter distribution and Weibull Clutter distribution). The two detectors (AND-CFAR and OR-CFAR) are the improved conventional Cell Average-CFAR (CA-CFAR) and Order Statistics CFAR (OS-CFAR) by making full use of the cell information. The two CFAR processors combine the results of the CA-CFAR and OS-CFAR to get a better detection performance. The mathematical equations of the probability of detection and probability of false alarm to the two detectors (AND-CFAR and OR-CFAR) for the three clutter models are founded under the assumptions that a homogenous background with a Swerling I target, and the reference cells are Independent and Identically Distributed (IID), also the detection performances of these detectors (AND-CFAR and OR-CFAR) have been evaluated for the three clutter models first and compared between them with those of CA-CFAR and OS-CFAR for Rayleigh distribution using MATLAB-Programming (M-File). In this paper is founded that the detection performance to AND-CFAR and OR-CFAR has not been affected by changing clutter models (clutter probability density function) for fixed probability of false alarm, also for the same probability of detection (Pd=0.7) and for fixed probability of false alarm (Pfa=10-6) and N=12, signal-to-ratio power ration (SNR) which ensure this Pd is equal (18dB) for AND-CFAR, but its equal (18.5dB) for OR-CFAR, this means AND-CFAR is better detection performance than OR-CFAR for different clutter models

Two Legendre-Dual-Petrov-Galerkin Algorithms for Solving the Integrated Forms of High Odd-Order Boundary Value Problems

Two numerical algorithms based on dual-Petrov-Galerkin method are developed for solving the integrated forms of high odd-order boundary value problems (BVPs) governed by homogeneous and nonhomogeneous boundary conditions. Two different choices of trial functions and test functions which satisfy the underlying boundary conditions of the differential equations and the dual boundary conditions are used for this purpose. These choices lead to linear systems with specially structured matrices that can be efficiently inverted, hence greatly reducing the cost. The various matrix systems resulting from these discretizations are carefully investigated, especially their complexities and their condition numbers. Numerical results are given to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithms, and some comparisons with some other methods are made

Trace Element’s Role in Male Infertility; Review Article

Background: Trace elements are the basic components of biological enzyme system or the structural components of very low concentration bioactive components. There are a number of trace elements in foods, such as iron, iodine, fluorine, copper and zinc, as well as chromium and cobalt. Other trace elements include tin and vanadium. Nickel and silicon are two examples of metals. Some of the trace elements are toxic to reproductive health at high doses. Trace amounts of these substances are rarely used for various physiological functions of the body. Many metal ions (copper, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, nickel, lithium vanadium, lead, and mercury) have many adverse effects on reproduction and development, fertility of men and women, abortion, and deformity. Exposure timing and duration, metal ions' distribution and accumulation in various organs, and interference with specific developmental processes; all have an impact on the consequences of metal ions. Objective: To assess the trace element’s role in male infertility especially the role of zinc. Conclusion: Trace elements are very important for the sperm production and quality and could affect the male fertility by one way or another

Modeling Of Construction Firms Sustainability

Sustainability is a hot debatable issue over the world, constantly being discussed by huge number of professionals’

Occupational Ergonomics Standards for Digital Manufacturing of Metal Furniture Products

Occupational ergonomics is responsible for the relationship between the worker and the machine in the work environment to achieve smooth، comfortable and safe performance، and therefore professional ergonomics for digital manufacturing is concerned with clarifying the relationship between digital production machines and the worker in the work environment to achieve the best quality and performance. The research problem can be expressed through the following questions: - What is the extent of ergonomic compatibility between digital production machines and technicians working on them in the field of metal furniture production? Is it possible to improve this ergonomic compatibility using professional ergonomics standards in order to achieve the best quality and safety for technicians working in this field? The research aims to determine the occupational ergonomics standards that govern the relationship between the machines of digital production systems for metal furniture and the technicians working on them. In order to improve the compatibility between digital production machines and technicians to achieve the best quality and safety in the work environment. The research uses the descriptive analytical method to monitor the relationship between the machines of digital production systems and the technicians working on them and analyze this relationship to come up with ergonomic criteria governing this mutual relationship to achieve the best quality and safety in the work environment. Through several axes:- First: The emergence and concept of digital manufacturing - Second: Professional ergonomics and its link to digital manufacturing machines - Third: Conclusion of professional ergonomics standards for digital manufacturing - The research reached a number of results and recommendations، including:- occupational ergonomics for digital manufacturing is one of the most important modern requirements due to the shift towards the digital age in manufacturing، which necessitated the presence of ergonomic factors that achieve ergonomic controls and standards that suit the good performance of jobs and their suitability with the worker or operator and digital machines.- Conducting more studies on the applications of ergonomics in the digital age and the consequent difference in ergonomic requirements and standards that suit new tasks