焼畑休閑林における埋土種子による植生の復元力評価研究

焼畑農耕後の森林植生の復元力を評価することを目的とし，植生および埋土種子についての予備調査をラオス北部のウドムサイ県ラ郡において実施した。フアイペー村の焼畑耕作地の土壌中には，生残種子が確認された。フアイペー村の焼畑休閑林の特徴として，焼畑耕作後は1年目にユーパトリウムが出現すること，遷移に伴いブナ科の樹種が出現してくることが確認されていることから，今後の調査では，これらの撹乱依存種や遷移後期種に的を絞った調査を検討している。To evaluate of resilience of forest vegetation after shifting cultivation, preliminary research of soil seed bank and vegetation was conducted in La district Oudomxay province, Lao PDR. Some seeds of a plant species were observed in soil at cultivated field in Houayphee village. It was observed that main characteristics of vegetation after shifting cultivation in this village were the rapid growth of Eupatorium just after slash and burn, appearance of Fagaceae with succession process. It was suggested that a study plan of dispersal seeds and soil seed bank of these plants was needed

焼畑と赤カブ --福井県美山町河内の焼畑による赤カブ栽培体験録--

特集 : 焼畑をめぐっ

焼畑を行うための条件

特集 : 焼畑をめぐっ

マレーシア・サラワク州の焼畑栽培にみられる除草剤利用とその背景

特集 : 焼畑をめぐっ

ヤキハタ ト ノウリンギョウ

高度経済成長期をとおして農産物の品質低下(劣化)が進んだが、焼畑をとおしてみることで現代農業の問題を明らかにし、新しい育成技術の方向性を示す。また、現代林業が陥っている高コスト体質は、農林業の複合生産システムである焼畑を見直すことで脱却をはかることができる。焼畑はしばしば森林減少の原因としてやりだまにあがるがそれは誤った見方であり、森林減少の真因は農地化にある。人口の増加にともなう食料確保のために自然の農地化が拡大してきたが、森林の農地化もその流れのなかにある。焼畑は森林の維持と食料生産を同時に可能にする生産システムゆえに、森林の農地化を抑制するはたらきをもつ。しかし、それには限界があり、どこかで右肩上がりの人口増加をコントロールしなければ森林減少をはじめとする環境問題の根本的解決はない

Self-sufficiency with Shifting Cultivation in a Reestablished Salain Chin Village of the Rakhine Mountains

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。This paper considers, firstly, changes in shifting cultivation practices after village reestablishment, placing special emphasis on tenure and land use systems. Secondly, this paper clarifies how self-sufficiency in rice is attained through the system of shifting cultivation in view of risk avoidance and mutual aid systems. Finally, I discuss possible changes in the self-sufficient rice production system in the region brought about by the new forest policy restricting shifting cultivation, in view of the gap between permitted and needed areas of shifting cultivation and the discrepancy between traditional perception and official boundary in land use patterns. Rebels invaded village A between 1969 and 1972,and all the villagers took refuge in nearby towns. When the peace and order condition improved, some villagers returned and reestablished their village. In the process of reestablishment, the land tenure system became more communal because some land owners didn't return. Since the late 1980s, roads and general stores have been constructed, and they have reinforced the impact of the market economy on Salain Chin. For instance, fruit growing was introduced, and new hamlets were constructed in places closer to the market, making the transport and selling of fruits more efficient. However, residents of Hamlet D with the worst access to the market persisted in cultivating rice for self-sufficiency. The residents prefer to avoid risks of decreasing harvests from wild boar attacks and unstable weather by planting various species of rice in the hamlet. Furthermore, the mutual aid system still exists. For instance, apuuyeei, a custom of lending rice to households suffering from its lack, plays an important role in maintaining self-sufficiency of rice for all lineage members. Influences of the market economy and other external factors continue to change the traditional system of risk avoidance and self-sufficiency employed by residents of Hamlet D. For instance, villagers introduced partial rice sufficiency with cash in recent years. Furthermore, customary boundaries stretch over the Magwe division and Rakhine state-Hamlet D and four other hamlets are located in Rakhine state-but the regional forest office has forced five hamlets to leave Rakhine state and to pay shifting cultivation fees since 1997. This paper shows that villagers face a difficult situation in attaining self-sufficiency through the system of shifting cultivation

Changes in the Swidden System of the Kenyah Dayak Tribe

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。Since the 1950s, the Kenyah Dayak people have been moving out of their isolated home. The further they migrate downstream, the more the monetary economy infiltrates into the village. At the same time, social and economic structures such as work organization, the mutual aid system, and the traditional land tenure system change. As the result of such changes, the originally sustainable swidden system has changed to a less sustainable one. To examine the dynamics of the swidden system practiced by the Kenyah people, the infiltration of monetary economy and the effect of the system on the environment are adopted as parameters

放牧と焼畑 ―ラオス山村でのウシ・スイギュウ飼養をめぐる土地利用―

現在も広く焼畑が営まれるラオスの山村では，焼畑の休閑地を利用してウシやスイギュウの放牧がなされてきた。伝統的には，これらの家畜の放牧地は特に設けられず，村域内で自由に放牧されてきた。これに対し，ラオス政府は2000年代半ばから，農作物の食害を防ぐため，放牧地を設定するよう各村に指導している。また，家畜は近年，現金収入源としての価値が高まっている。本稿はこうした状況下で，ウシ・スイギュウの放牧がどのようになされているかを，ラオス北部の14ヶ村の事例から明らかにした。その結果，放牧地が設定されても，その移動や拡張を行うことで，焼畑の休閑植生を活用した放牧が継続されていることなどが明らかとなった