Evolutionary algorithms in dynamic environments

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version.Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are widely and often used for solving stationary optimization problems where the fitness landscape or objective function does not change during the course of computation. However, the environments of real world optimization problems may fluctuate or change sharply. If the optimization problem is dynamic, the goal is no longer to find the extrema, but to track their progression through the search space as closely as possible. All kinds of approaches that have been proposed to make EAs suitable for the dynamic environments are surveyed, such as increasing diversity, maintaining diversity, memory based approaches, multi-population approaches and so on

Home and Identity: Homecoming in Native American Literature

在美国印第安文学中，家是一个具有完整体系的复杂概念，与美国印第安人的身份构建及归属感息息相关。美国印第安人普遍经历着“离家—遭遇身份危机，踏上归家路—获取归属感并构建身份”的回归模式。归家成为当代印第安英语小说的常见主题。 本文深入探讨印第安文学中的归家主题，并分析典型小说中人物的归家经历。除此之外，本文通过研究归家主题的必要性及其表现形式，揭露归家对于印第安人身份建立的重要意义。通过踏上归家的路途，印第安人回到了原始的部落，重拾印第安文化和和传统，为个体文化身份的建构、生存及发展奠定了稳固的基础。 本论文共分四个部分。引论简要介绍印第安文化中“归家”的概念及西方文化中的“离家”，并论述研...Since ancient times, the Native Americans share a special bond with home in which they reconstruct their identity and gain the sense of belonging. The Native Americans always experience the similar life pattern—leaving their home, being positioned as social minorities and making efforts to homecoming, a sense of belonging and the reconstruction of identity. The narrative of homecoming has obviousl...学位：文学硕士院系专业：外文学院_外国语言学及应用语言学学号：1232014115268