Selective Isolation, Identification and Biological Activity Investigation of Rare Actinomycetes from Rhizosphere Soil

天然产物是新药制备的重要原料，绝大多数来源于微生物的天然产物都分离自放线菌，尤其是链霉菌。链霉菌是放线菌的重要组成成员，能合成结构类型丰富、生物活性多样的次级代谢产物，可用于创制抗生素、抗肿瘤药物、免疫抑制药物、抗虫药物等，在医疗、农业、食品等领域具有重要的应用价值。然而，随着对链霉菌持续的开发利用，目前从链霉菌中发现新型、高活性的次级代谢产物的几率在不断下降，来源于链霉菌的新药研发速度明显放缓。为了解决链霉菌活性次级代谢产物资源日趋枯竭的问题，人们将目光转向了与链霉菌一样能够产生丰富次生代谢产物的非链霉菌属的稀有放线菌资源。稀有放线菌广泛分布于植物根际中，植物根际的特殊微生态环境造就了根际稀...Natural products are very important source of medicine, most of natural antibiotics which isolated from microorganism are produced by actinomyces, especially the streptomyces. Streptomyces is an important member of actinomycetes which can produce secondary metabolites with diverse biological activity and structure type. Those secondary metabolites have very important application value in medical, ...学位：理学硕士院系专业：生命科学学院_微生物学学号：2162013115250

Pharmaceutical Consultation Practice for One Case of Rapidly by Growing Mycobacteria Bloodstream Infections

目的：探讨快速生长分枝杆菌血流感染的诊治方法。方法：通过1例骨折术后快速生长分枝杆菌血流感染的两次会诊实践,对治疗过程中不同阶段需要考虑的药物治疗问题进行总结分析。结果：第一次会诊,根据患者的血药浓度和肌酐清除率,优化了万古霉素给药剂量。第二次会诊,在患者症状和检验结果明显好转情况下,建议医生积极针对快速生长分枝杆菌进行抗感染治疗。建议停用抗结核药,改为克拉霉素联用阿米卡星后,患者病情好转出院。结论：对手术部位疑似、确诊快速生长分枝杆菌感染的病例,积极的干预和正确的诊治是成功的关键。Objective： To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of rapidly growing mycobacteria bloodstream infections. Meth- ods： Based on the two pharmaceutical consultation practice for one case of rapidly growing mycobacteria bloodstream infections after fracture operation, the paper summarized and analyzed the problems in different stages of treatment. Results ： The first consultation op- timized the dosage of vancomycin according to the patient- serum concentration and creatinine clearance rate. The second consultation suggested doctors actively perform anti-infection treatment for rapidly growing mycobacteria after the patient＇ s clinical symptoms and ex- amination results were improved significantly. It is recommended to withdraw anti TB drugs, and the use of clarithromycin combined with amikacin was suitable. The patient was discharged with improved health conditions. Conclusion： Positive intervention and correct diagnosis are the keys for the successful treatment of suspected or definite mycobacteria infection in surgical sites.解放军第一七五医院2016年青年苗圃课题（编号：16Y023

综合性医院门诊幽门螺杆菌感染治疗用药分析及思考

目的 分析门诊幽门螺杆菌感染患者治疗用药情况,为规范治疗提供参考。方法 检索医院信息系统合理用药软件,获取2016年下半年门诊诊断为幽门螺杆菌感染的患者的处方信息,依据各临床指南及我国耐药情况等对其用药合理性进行分析。结果 在2577张处方中,主要不合理现象有使用阿莫西林克拉维酸替代阿莫西林,初始治疗方案使用左氧氟沙星,使用胃铋镁替代铋剂,儿童掰开使用质子泵抑制剂肠溶剂型,剂量不足,部分非消化科室治疗方案不合理率高。结论 幽门螺杆菌治疗存在不合理情形,临床应规范用药行为,药师应就不合理用药处方与临床沟通,职能部门进行奖惩、通过信息系统支持设定路径方案,多种措施减少不合理用药

Whether therapeutic drug monitoring is necessary for linezolid?

利奈唑胺非肝药酶代谢,约35%以原型经肾排泄,说明书提示其浓度受其他药物影响轻微,肾功能不全患者无需调整剂量,但临床研究表明肾功能不全患者利奈唑胺所致血小板减少症或贫血发生率增高与利奈唑胺高暴露相关,且利奈唑胺与某些药物存在的相互作用可显著影响其血药浓度、利奈唑胺的血药浓度在危重症患者中个体差异大,应进行血药浓度监测。Linezolid is not metabolized by CYP450 s and only approximately 35% of the prototype was excreted via the kidney, and its label suggests that its concentration is affected by other drugs slightly and no dose adjustment is recommended to patients with renal impairment. Nevertheless, clinic studies showed that the development of linezolid- induced thrombocytopenia and anemia was related to the high linezolid exposure in patients with impaired renal function, and the interaction between linezolid and other drugs may significantly affect its concentration. Considering these factors and the significant variability of linezolid concentration in critically ill patients, the therapeutic drug monitoring is necessary for linezolid to ensure its efficiency and safety

Maintenance of Long-term Tolerance by T Regulatory Cells in a Mouse Model of Heart Transplantation

目的：自20世纪以来，临床上心脏移植的一年生存率已经达到90%，但是移植后的慢性排斥以及长期存活仍面临巨大挑战，目前临床上所用的免疫抑制剂多数都必须终身用药，从而会产生多种副作用，危害受者的健康，影响患者的生活质量，所以如何诱导移植物的长期耐受是器官移植面临的重大难题。调节性T细胞是具有免疫调节功能的T细胞亚群,在移植后诱导和维持免疫耐受方面发挥重要作用。其中，CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T细胞（CD4+Foxp3+Treg）主要通过细胞接触发挥调节作用，而CD4+IL-10+IL-4-T细胞(Tr1)主要通过分泌抑制性细胞因子IL-10发挥作用。本文首次在小鼠同种异体心脏移植模型中，研究通...Background:In most experimental model of transplantation, the heart and lung allograft are called “tolerance resistant”organs (compared with the ”tolerance prone”organs). It’s reported the one-year survival of heart transplantation have been obviously improved from the 2000s, but long-term tolerance is still a major challenge. The abuse of immunosuppressive drugs, the side...学位：理学硕士院系专业：医学院_生理学学号：2452012115315

Follow-up observation of three operative treatments for primary infantile glaucoma

AIM: To compare the efficacy and complication of extra-trabeculotomy in combination with trabeculectomy and trabeculectomy and compound trabeculectomy in the treatment of primary infantile glaucoma. <p>METHODS: Patients with primary infantile glaucoma undergone one of the three procedures from Jan 2006 to Jan 2014 were selected. Among them, group A(20 patients, 31 eyes)underwent extra-trabeculotomy in combination with trabeculectomy, group B(20 patients, 32 eyes)underwent trabeculectomy, while group C(20 patients, 30 eyes)underwent compound trabeculectomy <p>RESULTS: The success rates in group A were 96.8% at the time of discharge and 90.3% during follow-up(mean 24mo); the rates in group B were 96.9% and 81.2%(mean 24mo)the rates in group C were 83.3% and 76.7%(mean 24mo)respectively, the differences being significant(<i>P </i><0.05). In group A and group B, there was no severe complications, while in group C, one case had vitreous prolapse.<p>CONCLUSION: Extra-trabeculotomy in combination with trabeculectomy is more efficacious and safer than trabeculectomy and compound trabeculectomy in the treatment of primary infantile glaucoma. It should be the first choice for primary infantile glaucoma

痤疮发病机制及其药物治疗的研究进展

目的：了解痤疮的发病机制及其药物治疗的研究进展,为其临床治疗提供参考。方法：查阅近年来国内外相关文献,就痤疮的发病机制及其药物治疗的研究进展进行归纳和总结。结果：痤疮的发病机制主要为雄激素分泌异常、痤疮丙酸杆菌的大量繁殖、炎症损害和免疫失常及毛囊皮脂腺导管角化异常等。痤疮的局部治疗药物中维A酸类药物与抗菌药物可联用于治疗轻、中度痤疮,其中全反式维A酸、阿达帕林与他扎罗汀是治疗轻度痤疮的首选药物,全反式维A酸常联合外用抗菌药物治疗中度痤疮,阿达帕林和克林霉素分别与过氧化苯甲酰联用、果酸参与的联合给药方案也用于治疗痤疮。口服治疗药物中维A酸类药物主要用于重度痤疮,第一代的异维A酸较第二代疗效更好,但均有致畸作用;口服抗菌药物适用于中、重度痤疮患者,多西环素与米诺环素是首选药物,米诺环素联用过氧化苯甲酰疗效好;大环内酯类抗菌药物口服后不良反应较多,故常作为外用药;口服激素类药物中的抗雄激素类药物用于女性患者,但长期使用会引发高胰岛素血症;螺内酯有潜在的安全问题,西咪替丁抗雄激素效果较弱,不作为治疗痤疮的常用药物;糖皮质激素类药物常用于暴发性痤疮或聚合性痤疮的治疗,使用剂量须严格控制。结论：痤疮的治疗应根据痤疮的发生原因和严重程度选择合理的用药方案,增加疗效并减少不良反应的发生,并注意药物相互作用,提高用药安全性。军队医疗机构制剂标准提高科研专项课题（No.14ZJZ17

The toxicity of Rapamycin derivatives—Everolimus, Deforolimus, Zotarolimus on islet

目的：免疫抑制剂的开发与运用一直推动着器官移植领域的发展。自21世纪初，Edmonto方案被提出以后，胰岛移植领域发生的了质的飞跃，尤其是雷帕霉素与他克莫司的开发与利用，使得该方案得到广泛的认可与临床运用。然而随着研究的不断深入，研究者们发现免疫抑制剂在延长移植物存活时间的同时，也给胰岛本身带来了严重的毒性作用，包括抑制胰岛细胞增殖，促进胰岛细胞凋亡，抑制胰岛细胞分泌胰岛素等。应用免疫抑制剂产生的这些不良反应在抗器官移植排斥反应时发生。它们作为抗肿瘤药物应用于临床时也会诱发高血糖的现象。所以，如何避免免疫抑制剂对胰岛的毒副作用从而延长胰岛移植物的存活，是胰岛移植面临的一大难题。一旦免疫抑制剂出...Background: The exploration and application of the immunosupressants always has been promoting the development of the field of organ transplantation. Since the early 21th century, islet transplantation achieved the extraordinary leap after the Edmonton protocol coming out, especially the tacrolimus and rapamycin. However, the researchers found that the immunosupressants not only prolong the islet ...学位：医学硕士院系专业：医学院_内科学学号：2452013115348

Advances in the Study of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in High Altitude and Cold Habitats on Tibetan Plateau

极端生境往往蕴藏着具有特殊生理生态功能的生物类群.海拔高、温度低、生长季节短的青藏高原高寒草原生态系统是典型的极端生境之一,目前有关该生境中分布的丛枝菌根真菌（Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF）研究已引起广泛关注.本文从青藏高原高寒生境中AM真菌的研究概况入手,论述青藏高原高寒生境中AM真菌的群落组成、物种多样性与分布特征、菌根侵染发育状况及高寒生境对AM真菌的影响.指出高寒生境中AM真菌群落结构研究方面存在的问题,探讨解决这些问题的可能途径及其研究发展前景,以期为青藏高原高寒草原生态系统稳定性的维持与受损生态系统的恢复提供理论依据.There are many special organisms in extreme habitats. Tibetan Plateau alpine meadow e- cosystem is one of the most important extreme habitats in terrestrial ecosystem, it has the character- istics with high altitude, low temperature, and short growing season. Nowadays, the studies of ar- buscular mycorrhizal （AM） on Tibetan Plateau has been widely concerned. This review mainly dis- cussed on AM fungi communities composition, AM fungi diversity and their distribution character- istics, AM colonization feature, and abiotic factors on the effect of AM fungi. At the same time, the shortcomings about the heterogeneity of adverse habitats on AM fungi communities were pointed out for further study. Based on this, these research achievements were summarized in order to pro- vide a theoretical basis for the maintenance of the stability in Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe ecosys- tem.国家自然科学基金项目（31270558）,上海科技馆引进高层次人才科研启动经费（2015）

Selective Isolation of Rare Actinomycetes from Rhizosphere Soil and Identification of Two Novel Strains

放线菌的次级代谢产物是重要的药物资源，目前已发现的数万种天然抗生素中约70%是由放线菌所产生的。近年来，由于从链霉菌中不断分离得到重复的活性化合物，继而人们逐渐将目光转向稀有放线菌。稀有放线菌种类多样，并且具有某些不同于链霉菌的特殊代谢途径，因而更有可能产生结构新颖、生物活性独特的化合物，具有极大开发潜力。 本文以采自厦门翔安香山、南京中山植物园和玄武湖公园的植物根际土壤作为分离源，采用聚乳酸-明胶（PLA-G）培养基和海藻糖-脯氨酸（YIM212）培养基进行稀有放线菌的选择性分离。从17份植物根际土样中总共分离到178株放线菌，其中148株分离自PLA-G培养基，30株分离自YIM212培...Natural products are very important source of medicine, especially the secondary metabolites of actinomyces. There are about 70% of natural antibiotics are produced by actinomyces. However, many repetitive active compounds are found from streptomyces in recent years, so scientists concentrated on another group, rare actinomycetes, which are more likely to produce novel active compounds and make a ...学位：理学硕士院系专业：生命科学学院_生物化学与分子生物学学号：2162012115232