分子进化的基本化学规律

N-磷酰 - α-氨基酸在水或有机溶剂中可以同时自组装生成肽及核苷酸 ,而 β-氨基酸或 γ-氨基酸在同样条件下则不发生任何反应 .这种分子结构的特征是由磷化学的特性所决定的 .五配位磷化合物对 α-氨基酸及核糖具有专一的化学选择性 ,这种化学选择性推动了自然选择

Surface Modification and Application of PDMS Microfluidic System

微流控芯片是一个高度多学科交叉的综合性研究领域。从物理化学角度看，由于其单元尺寸都在亚毫米到微米之间，在这个尺度范围内的物理化学规律将发生显著变化,表现为表面现象占了主导因素。因此由于表面的重要性，表面修饰是揭示这个特殊世界的重要手段和有力工具。 本论文工作主要的着眼点在于从物理化学角度出发，利用微系统特殊表面现象，通过表面修饰，进行芯片实验室单元操作的新技术、新方法的探索性研究，具体研究内容如下： 1.通过降低对真空度的要求，建立了一种中真空下PDMS氧等离子体活化及键合的方法。考察了活化后的PDMS基片表面亲疏水性及微通道电渗流的变化。经中真空氧等离子体处理的PDMS基片贴合后可以实现...Microfluidic chip is an interdisciplinary field. From the point of view of physical chemistry, one of the prominent characters is that surface phenomena will dominate many performances in micro-system, because the unit scale in microfluidic chip is from sub-millimeter to micrometer. Therefore surface modification is very important, it is a significant tool and means to discover this special micro-...学位：理学硕士院系专业：化学化工学院化学系_物理化学(含化学物理)学号：20012505

Synthesis and Characterization of New Compounds in the System of Metal Borates

硼酸盐丰富的晶体化学特性使其在非线性光学晶体、荧光基质、微孔材料、快离子导体等众多领域都具有广泛的实际及潜在应用价值。本文以探索硼酸盐晶体化学规律性为目的，采用水热法、低温硼酸熔融法、溶剂热法对硼酸盐体系合成条件进行了探索，合成出5种新化合物。通过单晶和粉末X射线衍射技术表征了新化合物的晶体结构，并对其进行了热稳定分析、红外及拉曼光谱分析。从阴离子基团容限性出发，分析探讨了相关晶体结构特征及内在规律，为今后相关体系化合物合成提供指导。本文主要工作如下： 1、在BaO-B2O3-H2O体系，利用硼酸熔融法和水热法合成出一种新化合物BaB8O11(OH)4。并分析探讨了相关B8O11(OH)n（...Borates possess many interesting and valuable properties. Being attracting in these compounds is due to not only pure research aspects in structural chemistry, but also the possibility of modern technological applications, such as nonlinear optic, luminophors and microporous materials, etc. In this thesis,our research focuses on the syntheses of new borate compounds and the crystal chemistry of me...学位：工学硕士院系专业：材料学院材料科学与工程系_材料学学号：2072007115001

Synthesis and Characterization of New Compounds in the System of Rare Earth Metal Borates

稀土硼酸盐因其丰富的晶体化学特性及其在荧光发光、激光基质等众多领域所具有的广泛的实际应用价值，使之成为材料科学和化学等领域的研究热点之一。本文以探索稀土硼酸盐晶体化学规律性为目的，采用水热法、低温硼酸熔融法对稀土硼酸盐体系的合成条件进行了探索，合成出5种新化合物。通过单晶和粉末X射线衍射技术表征了新化合物的晶体结构；扫描电子显微镜和光学显微镜观察其形貌；热重分析法和差热分析法分析其热稳定性；傅里叶红外光谱仪测定新化合物中的官能团。从合成条件出发，分析探讨了分子的无序分布对基本结构单元(FBBs)、热、电子、光谱性能的影响以及两种类似化合物的基本结构单元之间的相互关联性，并采用第一原理优化了新化...Rare earth borates possess many interesting and valuable properties. Being attracting in these compounds is due to not only pure research aspects in structural chemistry, but also the possibility of modern technological applications, such as luminophors and laser materials, etc. In this dissertation, we focus on the syntheses and the crystal chemistry of rare earth borates. Hydrothermal methods an...学位：工学硕士院系专业：材料学院_材料学学号：2072011115010

Several Applications of Physical Chemistry in Lab-on-Chip

芯片实验室（LabonaChip）是一个多学科高度交叉的研究新领域，它采用微加工技术将传统的化学、生物实验室缩小并集成到芯片的尺度，为化学生物过程的研究提供一个微型化的平台。由于具有微型化、集成化、自动化、分析速度快、样品消耗少等诸多优点，芯片实验室在药物筛选、临床诊断、环境监测等领域具有巨大的应用前景。 芯片实验室的单元尺寸一般为微米至亚毫米量级，该尺度下许多物理化学规律将发生显著变化，表现在许多与表面相关的性质，如浸润性、电渗及表面张力等成为主要因素。研究芯片中这些特殊表面性质，对于进一步了解芯片中微观物理化学现象与规律及开发新的微单元操作技术具有重要意义。因此物理化学不仅为芯片实验室领...Lab-on-chip is a multi-disciplinary technology, which adopted microfabrication technology to miniaturize the traditional laboratory into chips and provided platforms for studying the processes of chemistry and biology. Due to the advantages such as miniaturization, integration, automotivation, fast-analysis and low-consumption, lab-on-chip has been found widespread application prospect in many fie...学位：理学博士院系专业：化学化工学院化学系_物理化学(含化学物理)学号：1912005140308

Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering from Nanostructures Studied by Near-field Spectroscopy and Buried Molecule Systems

表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）效应可以极大地增强吸附在特定金属纳米结构表面的分子（离子）的拉曼散射强度，因而较为广泛地应用于电化学等界面科学和分析科学研究领域。为了全面发展表面增强拉曼光谱学和进一步拓宽其应用体系，需要从更深的层次全面认识SERS机理。 SERS效应作为纳米尺度下所具有的特殊光学效应而与纳米科学有密切的联系，作为激光、分子和纳米结构三者相互联系的综合体而包含着深刻的物理和化学规律。然而，传统的SERS研究往往只关注于SERS光谱所表现出的宏观图像和平均信息，而忽略了从SERS信号所发生的纳米尺度之下对固体表面纳米结构与分子之间的相互作用进行研究，进而在微观尺度之下更客观而具体地...The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect can prodigiously enhance the Raman scattering intensity of molecules (ions) adsorbed onto the surface of metal nano-structures. Therefore, it is broadly applied in the research fields of the interface sciences, such as electrochemistry, and analytical science. In order to fully develop surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and further broaden its a...学位：理学博士院系专业：化学化工学院化学系_物理化学(含化学物理)学号：B20032502

Syntheses and Characterization of new A2A'MF6-type compounds

具有高度对称结构的等轴晶系化合物，是作为光学材料的重要物质，在光学领域一直受到广泛关注。而且，由于等轴晶系化合物的结构规整，对于结构化学的研究起了重要的作用。 在本论文中，应用水热法合成了五种具有A2A'MF6构型的新化合物（A和A'均为一价阳离子，M为三价阳离子），同时，还对迄今为止合成的所有具有A2A'MF6构型的化合物进行了归纳总结，找出了离子半径、过渡金属离子对化合物结构的影响关系。而后，用各种表征方法对这些化合物进行研究，首先，利用X射线、单晶衍射法对其中四种化合物晶体结构进行了测定，还用X射线粉末衍射Rietveld法精修了另一种化合物的晶体结构，并用内标法通过X射线粉末图谱对化...Cubic compounds with the highest symmetry structure exhibit promising optical properties in material science, and have been attract widespread attention. They also play an important role in the structural chemistry research. Five new compounds possessing the general formula A2A'MF6 were synthesized by hydrothermal reaction in this thesis (A and A' are univalent cations, M is a trivalent cation). ...学位：工学硕士院系专业：化学化工学院材料科学与工程系_材料物理与化学学号：20043601

Direct Reductive Cyanation of A 2-Pyrrolidinone Chiral Building Block Bearing An Unprotected Hydroxyl Group: A Stereoselective Synthesis of N-Methyl-2-epi-bulgecinine

报道手性合成砌块(4S,5R)-N-芐氧基-5-羟甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(3a)的直接还原氰基化及产物的立体化学与转化研究.含未保护羟基的内酰胺用L; iAlH_4/KCN体系直接还原氰基化,生成比例为69:; 31的2,5-反式/顺式非对映立体异构体.与文献类似结果对比显示,氰基负离子对5-羟甲基-△-1-吡咯啉鎗中间体的加成主要受立体电子效应和C(5; )位取代基(羟甲基)与进攻试剂间烯丙型1,3-位阻控制.该混合物在碱性条件下水解,生成比例为10:; 90的2,5-反式/2,5-顺式-bulgecinine衍生物.这一结果表明氰基水解反应伴随着在C(2)位发生了有合成价值的串联差向异构化.由此; 建立了立体选择性地合成2,5-顺式(-)-N-甲基-2-别-bulgecinine的简便方法.The direct reductive cyanation of N-benzyl-4-benzyloxy-5-hydroxymethyl-2-pyrrolidinone (3a), a lactam bearing a free hydroxyl group, has been achieved with the LiAlH4/KCN combination. The reaction afforded 2,5-trans-2-cyano-5hydroxylmethyl-4-benzyloxy-pyrrolidine (5a) and its cis-diastereomer 5b in a ratio of 69: 31 with a combined yield of 63%. The observed 2,5-trans-stereoselectivity is suggested to be resulted from both stereoelectronic effect and allylic 1,3-strain between the hydroxymethyl group at C(5) and the incoming cyanide anion on the presumed Delta-1 pyrrolinium ion intermediate. The subsequent hydrolysis of the cyano group of the diastereomeric mixture 5a/5b (trans: cis=69: 31) under basic conditions afforded the corresponding 5-hydroxymethyl-4-benzyloxyproline with 2,5-cis-diastereomer as the major diastereomer (trans: cis= 10: 90). This result implies that a synthetically useful epimerization at C(2) has occurred concomitantly. This unexpected result afforded a concise and highly stereoselective synthesis of 2,5-cis-(-)-N-methyl-2-epi-bulgecinine.National Natural Science Foundation of China [21332007]; Program for; Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of; Ministry of Educatio