THE EFFECT OF GIVING CRUDE EXTRACT OF PURSLANE TOPICALLY TO ACCELERATE THE 2nd GRADE OF BURN HEALING PROCESS IN GUINEA PIGS

Introduction Burns can be treated either chemically or naturally. Purslane is one of the herbs that are useful for healing wound because it has a lot of advantages like antimycrobacterium, increasing fibroblast cell proliferation and collagen synthesis. Aim this research to explain the effect of giving crude extract of purslane to accelerate the second grade of burn wound healing process in guinea pigs. Method This research using a true-experimental design by 20 samples, 3 months old-male guinea pigs, divided into two groups, 1 treatment group and 1 control group. This classification was done randomize. Data obtained from the observation of the signs both of inflammatory and proliferation phase. Mann-Whitney statistical test used to analyze erythema and edema inflammatory phase. While wound fluid, wound granulation, and wound side using non-parametric statistical test namely Kruskal-Wallis. Result Result showed that there were differences between crude extract of purslane and control group in erythema (p=0.028), wound granulation (p=0.057) and wound side (p=1.000) at 3rd day, erythema (p=0.028), wound granulation (p=0.028) and wound side (p=1.000) at 5th day, and erythema (p=1.000), wound granulation (p=0.027) and wound side (p=0.029) at 7th day. Discussion In conclusion, crude extract of purslane was proven to be more effectives in accelerated burn wound grade 2nd healing, increasing fibroblast cell proliferation and reduce any infection risks. For further research, microscopic observation of collagen, PMN-cell (neutrophile), MN-cell (Lymphocyte and monocyte) is needed. Keyword: purslane, Portulaca oleracea L., burn wound healin

MMP-13 Regulates Growth of Wound Granulation Tissue and Modulates Gene Expression Signatures Involved in Inflammation, Proteolysis, and Cell Viability

Proteinases play a pivotal role in wound healing by regulating cell-matrix interactions and availability of bioactive molecules. The role of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) in granulation tissue growth was studied in subcutaneously implanted viscose cellulose sponge in MMP-13 knockout (Mmp13−/−) and wild type (WT) mice. The tissue samples were harvested at time points day 7, 14 and 21 and subjected to histological analysis and gene expression profiling. Granulation tissue growth was significantly reduced (42%) at day 21 in Mmp13−/− mice. Granulation tissue in Mmp13−/− mice showed delayed organization of myofibroblasts, increased microvascular density at day 14, and virtual absence of large vessels at day 21. Gene expression profiling identified differentially expressed genes in Mmp13−/− mouse granulation tissue involved in biological functions including inflammatory response, angiogenesis, cellular movement, cellular growth and proliferation and proteolysis. Among genes linked to angiogenesis, Adamts4 and Npy were significantly upregulated in early granulation tissue in Mmp13−/− mice, and a set of genes involved in leukocyte motility including Il6 were systematically downregulated at day 14. The expression of Pdgfd was downregulated in Mmp13−/− granulation tissue in all time points. The expression of matrix metalloproteinases Mmp2, Mmp3, Mmp9 was also significantly downregulated in granulation tissue of Mmp13−/− mice compared to WT mice. Mmp13−/− mouse skin fibroblasts displayed altered cell morphology and impaired ability to contract collagen gel and decreased production of MMP-2. These results provide evidence for an important role for MMP-13 in wound healing by coordinating cellular activities important in the growth and maturation of granulation tissue, including myofibroblast function, inflammation, angiogenesis, and proteolysis

Effectiveness of bridge V.A.C. dressings in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers

Objectives: This is a prospective study of the clinical efficacy of the V.A.C. Granufoam Bridge Dressing for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Materials and methods: Five consecutive patients with diabetic foot ulcers were treated with V.A.C. Granufoam Bridge Dressings and studied over a period of 22–48 days. The indications for treatment included diabetic patients with open ray amputation wounds and wounds post-drainage for abscess with exposed deep structures. Clinical outcome was measured in terms of reduction in wound dimensions, presence of wound granulation, microbial clearance, and development of wound complications. Results: Our results showed that with V.A.C. therapy, wound healing occurred in all patients. The number of dressings required ranged from 8 to 10. The baseline average wound size was 23.1 cm2. Wound areas shrunk by 18.4–41.7%. All subjects achieved 100% wound bed granulation with an average length of treatment of 33 days. Microbial clearance was achieved in all cases. All wounds healed by secondary intention in one case and four cases required split-thickness skin grafting. Conclusion: The V.A.C. Granufoam Bridge Dressing is effective in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. It promotes reduction of wound area, wound bed granulation, and microbial clearance. By allowing placement of the suction pad outside the foot, it allowed patients to wear protective shoes and to walk non-weight bearing with crutches during V.A.C. therapy

Release of miR-29 Target Laminin C2 Improves Skin Repair

miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate mRNA targets in a cell-specific manner. miR-29 is expressed in murine and human skin, where it may regulate functions in skin repair. Cutaneous wound healing model in miR-29a/b1 gene knockout mice was used to identify miR-29 targets in the wound matrix, where angiogenesis and maturation of provisional granulation tissue was enhanced in response to genetic deletion of miR-29. Consistently, antisense-mediated inhibition of miR-29 promoted angiogenesis in vitro by autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. These processes are likely mediated by miR-29 target mRNAs released upon removal of miR-29 to improve cell–matrix adhesion. One of these, laminin (Lam)-c2 (also known as laminin γ2), was strongly up-regulated during skin repair in the wound matrix of knockout mice. Unexpectedly, Lamc2 was deposited in the basal membrane of endothelial cells in blood vessels forming in the granulation tissue of knockout mice. New blood vessels showed punctate interactions between Lamc2 and integrin α6 (Itga6) along the length of the proto-vessels, suggesting that greater levels of Lamc2 may contribute to the adhesion of endothelial cells, thus assisting angiogenesis within the wound. These findings may be of translational relevance, as LAMC2 was deposited at the leading edge in human wounds, where it formed a basal membrane for endothelial cells and assisted neovascularization. These results suggest a link between LAMC2, improved angiogenesis, and re-epithelialization

EFFECT OF THYMOQUINONE ON WOUND HEALING IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

  Objective: Nigella sativa and its active constituent thymoquinone (TQ) have been extensively documented for its pharmacological values, but its application in wound healing in particular in a diabetic wound healing model is less documented.Methods: In our study, alloxan-induced diabetic rats were used as a chronic delayed wound model and topical administration of TQ 10% w/v were used to assess the role and function of TQ in wound healing through wound contraction and histological analysis.Results: Although statistically insignificant, we found out that TQ accelerated wound healing in post-wounding day 3 (inflammatory phase), whereas aggressively decelerating wound healing in post-wounding day 7 (proliferation phase). In addition, our histological analyses of wound granulation tissues at post-wounding day 14 substantiate our claim by showing that TQ treatment had delayed wound healing progression of the diabetic rats.Conclusions: Our study shows that TQ accelerates wound healing during the inflammatory phase; however, decelerate rapidly during the proliferation phase. We speculate the acceleration of wound healing during the inflammatory phase was due to its well-documented antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties while its deceleration of wound healing during the proliferation phase was due to its well-documented antiangiogenic effect

Molecular mechanisms linking wound inflammation and fibrosis: knockdown of osteopontin leads to rapid repair and reduced scarring

Previous studies of tissue repair have revealed osteopontin (OPN) to be up-regulated in association with the wound inflammatory response. We hypothesize that OPN may contribute to inflammation-associated fibrosis. In a series of in vitro and in vivo studies, we analyze the effects of blocking OPN expression at the wound, and determine which inflammatory cells, and which paracrine factors from these cells, may be responsible for triggering OPN expression in wound fibroblasts. Delivery of OPN antisense oligodeoxynucleotides into mouse skin wounds by release from Pluronic gel decreases OPN protein levels at the wound and results in accelerated healing and reduced granulation tissue formation and scarring. To identify which leukocytic lineages may be responsible for OPN expression, we cultured fibroblasts in macrophage-, neutrophil-, or mast cell–conditioned media (CM), and found that macrophage- and mast cell–secreted factors, specifically platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), induced fibroblast OPN expression. Correspondingly, Gleevec, which blocks PDGF receptor signaling, and PDGF-Rβ–neutralizing antibodies, inhibited OPN induction by macrophage-CM. These studies indicate that inflammation-triggered expression of OPN both hinders the rate of repair and contributes to wound fibrosis. Thus, OPN and PDGF are potential targets for therapeutic modulation of skin repair to improve healing rate and quality

Pre-Clinical Assessment of Single-Use Negative Pressure Wound Therapy During In Vivo Porcine Wound Healing

Objective: Traditional negative pressure wound therapy systems can be large and cumbersome, limiting patient mobility and adversely affecting quality of life. PICO™, a no canister single-use system offers a lightweight, portable alternative to traditional negative pressure wound therapy, with improved clinical performance. The aim of this study was to determine the potential mechanism(s) of action of single-use negative pressure wound therapy versus traditional negative pressure wound therapy.Approach: Single-use negative pressure wound therapy and traditional negative pressure wound therapy were applied to in in vivo porcine excisional wound model, following product use guidelines. Macroscopic, histological and biochemical analyses were performed at defined healing time-points to assess multiple aspects of the healing response. Results: Wounds treated with single-use negative pressure displayed greater wound closure and increased re-epithelialisation versus those treated with traditional negative pressure. The resulting granulation tissue was more advanced with fewer neutrophils, reduced inflammatory markers, more mature collagen and no wound filler-associated foreign body reactions. Of note, single-use negative pressure therapy failed to induce wound edge epithelial hyperproliferation, while traditional negative pressure therapy compromised peri-wound skin, which remained inflamed with high transepidermal water loss; features not observed following single-use treatment. Innovation: Single-use negative pressure was identified to improve multiple aspects of healing versus traditional negative pressure treatment.Conclusion: This study provides important new insight into the differing mode of action of single-use versus traditional negative pressure and may go some way to explain the improved clinical outcomes observed with single use negative pressure therapy

To the Editor

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68733/2/10.1177_088453369801300210.pd