On the Implications of Sense of Control over Bicycling : Design of a Physical Stamina-Aware Bike

Bicycling has become a mainstream activity among the environmental aware generation. Bicycling communities have gradually shown interests in quantitative data of the bicycling experiences such as road roughness, inclination, pollution, etc. Bikers utilize these data to infer the possible stamina cost and quality of surroundings. This supports them to make a better decision. This study assumes that fitness level indexed by stamina cost could enhance a biker's sense of control. The prototype in this paper was developed to provide stamina cost information, which is inferred from the terrain patterns of a biking route. In the system evaluation, participants took a positive attitude toward this prototype and approved the importance of stamina cost feedback. This paper also concluded several key issues about designing the stamina cost feedback system for bikers

The stamina of non-gasketed, flanged pipe connections

Stress variations showing flange yielding, flange rotation, effects of joint tightening sequence, identification of the mode of response to loading (static or dynamic) is discussed. In addition the effects of re-tightening, importance of high quality bolting with proper surface treatment and use of proper tooling are also discussed

EFEKTIFITAS BUAH LUMBAH GUNUNG "CURCULIGO LATIFOLIA DRYAND” SEBAGAI ANTIDEHIDRASI UNTUK PENDAKIAN GUNUNG

Olahraga pendakian gunung termasuk dalam kategori aktivitas yang sangat berat (Hendri,2008). Kegiatan pendakian tersebut diperlukan kesegaran jasmani, stamina tubuh yang prima, serta keseimbangan asupan zat gizi serta elektrolit yang cukup. Asupan makanan yang dibawa seharusnya dapat memenuhi kebutuhan energi pendaki, selama pendakian seserorang membutuhkan sitar 5.000 kalori dan 100 gram protein. Pencapaian untuk mendaki dalam memenuhi tenaga bertujuan agar dapat bertahan tubuh kita membutuhkan asupan makanan. Dengan memanfaatkan tanaman sekitar pendakian menjadi solusi praktis untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut. Tanaman lumbuh (Curculigo latifolia Dryand) yang tumbuh pada ketinggian sekitar 1.500 m diatas permukaan laut atau di lereng gunung. Pada buahnya yang terkandung protein curculin (sweet protein) dan kadar air tinggi sebesar 89,99% dimana kandungan buah tersebut dapat dijadikan sebagai alternatif bahan pangan yang aman dikosumsi berfungsi sebagai penambah stamina para pendaki saat keadaan emergency. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keefektivitasan buah tersebut terhadap stamina pendaki gunung. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah para pendaki gunung. Metode pengujian dengan uji kualitatif pada pendaki berupa memeriksaan klinis. Kata kunci: Lumbah; sweet protein; stamina; pendaki gunung

Pengaruh Pemberian Air Rebusan Akar Ilalang (Imperata Cylindrica) terhadap Stamina Mencit Jantan (Mus Musculus)

Ilalang (Imperata cylindrica) termasuk famili Poaceae. Akar tumbuhan ini oleh sebagian masyarakat di Kalimantan Tengah digunakan untuk meningkatkan stamina. Masyarakat yang memanfaatkan air rebusan akar ilalang agar tidak mudah lelah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui khasiat air rebusan ilalang terhadap stamina mencit Swiss Webster jantan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan acar menghitung frekuensi tunggangan mencit jantan selama satu jam. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan masing-masing perlakuan memiliki 6 kali ulangan. Masing-masing perlakuan menggunakan akuades, minuman berenergi 13 mL/kg BB, Rebusan air akar ilalang 9 mL/kg BB, dan rebusan air akar ilalang 18 mL/kg BB. Analisis data menggunakan aplikasi spss PASW versi 18 dengan uji ANOVA 1 arah (one way anova) dan uji lanjut Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan air rebusan akar ilalang meningkatkan stamina mencit jantan secara nyata (Fhit 11,51 > Ftab 3,10). Hasil uji lanjut menggunakan DMRT menunjukkan pemberian air rebusan akar ilalang 18 mL/kg BB memiliki rata-rata frekuensi kawin tertinggi 47,50 kali dibandingkan dengan tiga kelompok perlakuan lainnya. Kesimpulan; air rebusan akar ilalang meningkatkan stamina mencit Swiss Webster jantan

Climate 2030: A National Blueprint for a Clean Energy Economy (Executive Summary)

Courage of conviction, unyielding stamina to underscore the dangerous realities of unchanging lifestyle habits and doing business as usual in today’s world, and unfettered tenacity necessary to build an ever-growing network of dedicated individuals and scientists struggling to express the need for public awareness and governmental action, describes this nationwide group. The Union of Concerned Scientists, primarily headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts, presents its forecast for 2030 – complete with the recipe needed to be undertaken for individuals and businesses to both survive and thrive

Evaluation of behavior in transgenic mouse models to understand human congenital pain conditions

BACKGROUND: Containing a brain for signal processing and decision making, and a peripheral component for sensation and response, the nervous system provides higher organisms a powerful method of interacting with their environment. The specific neurons involved in pain sensation are known as nociceptors and are the source of normal nociceptive pain signaling to prompt appropriate responses. Though acute hypersensitization can be advantageous by encouraging an organism to allow an injured area to heal, chronic pain conditions can be pathological and can markedly reduce quality of life. While a variety of genes have been associated with congenital pain conditions, two rare cases examined in this study have not had their mutated genes identified. Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 8, or KCNH8, is involved in regulating action potential production and propagation, and has not been linked with pain processing of any kind to date. Here, a male patient evaluated at Boston Children’s Hospital contains a novel single-base KCNH8 mutation and possesses an extremely low sensitivity to cold temperatures and mechanical pain, but a higher sensitivity to warmer temperatures. A separate protein, intersectin-2, or ITSN2, normally functions in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and exocytosis. A second patient at Boston Children’s Hospital expresses a previously-unseen point mutation in ITSN2 and experiences erythromelalgia, characterized by episodes of intense pain and red, swollen limbs during ambient warm temperatures. Through the use of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 genome editing, this study will produce these specific genetic mutations in mouse lines to explore their effects on mammalian behavior. OBJECTIVES: This project employs two transgenic mouse models to study the behavioral phenotypes associated with rare potentially damaging mutations in KCNH8 and ITSN2 exhibited in the human patients. Through these experiments, a greater understanding of neural pain signaling and sensitivity changes can occur. METHODS: The differences in temperature preference of KCNH8 and ITSN2 mutant mice compared to wild type mice lacking these mutations was studied using thermal plates under cold and warm conditions. Direct application of acetone and von Frey filaments to mouse paws was used to study cold and mechanical sensitivity. Further testing of stamina, anxiety, coordination, and strength were also evaluated. RESULTS: A marked decrease in sensitivity to von Frey stimulation (p<0.01) and acetone administration (p<0.05) was observed in KCNH8 mutant mice. Thermal preference testing demonstrated a decreased preference for warmer temperatures as compared to wild type mice. In addition, anxiety levels were also observed to be slightly higher in these mutant KCNH8 mice (p<0.05). The mutant ITSN2 mice spent less time at cooler temperatures, though surprisingly they significantly preferred warmer conditions as compared to their wild type littermates. A full and partial reversal of these temperature preferences was demonstrated in cold and heat thermal conditions respectively after intraperitoneal gabapentin injection, which normalized the mice toward wild type behavior. CONCLUSIONS: Data from the KCNH8 mutant mouse model indicates an aversion to warmer temperatures and a decreased ability to detect cold or mechanical pressure, much like the human patient. The mutant ITSN2 mice were less likely to spend time at cooler temperatures, indicating heightened sensory sensitivity, but their preference for warmer temperatures suggests a possible desensitization of the affected nociceptors. These results often mirror the patient’s phenotype, but the preference for ambient warmer environments appears opposite to the patient. As the ITSN2 mice feel discomfort at cooler temperatures, a proposed desensitization at warmer temperatures would result in a more comfortable environment and could explain the observed preference. The trends toward normal neural firing rates achieved through gabapentin injection suggest that the aberrant responses in mutant ITSN2 mice is due to altered sensitization, but additional examination under these conditions with a larger group of mice is necessary to further unravel these signaling pathways. However, these extremely encouraging data introduce two new molecular targets for acute pain control

Assessing availability and greenhouse gas emissions of lignocellulosic biomass feedstock supply – case study for a catchment in England

© 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Feedstocks from lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) include crop residues and dedicated per¬ennial biomass crops. The latter are often considered superior in terms of climate change mitigation potential. Uncertainty remains over their availability as feedstocks for biomass provision and the net greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) during crop production. Our objective was to assess the optimal land allocation to wheat and Miscanthus in a specific case study located in England, to increase bio¬mass availability, improve the carbon balance (and reduce the consequent GHG emissions), and mini¬mally constrain grain production losses from wheat. Using soil and climate variables for a catchment in east England, biomass yields and direct nitrogen emissions were simulated with validated process-based models. A ‘Field to up-stream factory gate’ life-cycle assessment was conducted to estimate indirect management-related GHG emissions. Results show that feedstock supply from wheat straw can be supplemented beneficially with LCB from Miscanthus grown on selected low-quality soils. In our study, 8% of the less productive arable land area was dedicated to Miscanthus, increasing total LCB provision by about 150%, with a 52% reduction in GHG emission per ton LCB delivered and only a minor effect on wheat grain production (−3%). In conclusion, even without considering the likely carbon sequestration in impoverished soils, agriculture should embrace the opportunities to provide the bioeconomy with LCB from dedicated, perennial crops.Peer reviewe

KONTRIBUSI KECEPATAN DAN DAYA TAHAN TERHADAP STAMINA (SPEED ENDURANCE) PADA ATLET UKM SEPAK BOLA UPI

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji kontribusi kecepatan terhadap stamina pada atlet UKM sepak bola UPI. Untuk menguji kontribusi daya tahan terhadap stamina pada atlet UKM sepak bola UPI. Untuk menguji perbedaan kontribusi kecepatan dan daya tahan terhadap stamina pada atlet UKM sepak bola UPI. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan metode deskriptif. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 30 orang dengan penarikan sampel menggunakan Simple Random Sampling. Untuk mengetahui dan menguji hipotesis, penulis menggunakan tes dan pengukuran sebagai alat pengumpul data dengan menggunakan instrumen tes lari 20 meter untuk kecepatan, 400 meter untuk stamina dan tes balke untuk daya tahan. Data-data yang diperoleh diolah dan dianalisis dengan pendekatan statistik dengan teknik analisis korelasi regresi sederhana dan independent sample t-test. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan dan analisis data, diketahui bahwa kecepatan memberikan kontribusi sebesar 18,7% dan daya tahan sebesar 13,2%. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan kontribusi kecepatan dan daya tahan terhadap stamina pada atlet UKM sepak bola UPI.----------The purpose of this study is to examine the contribution of speed to stamina on athletes of student activity unit of football in UPI. To examine the contribution of resistance to the athlete's stamina of student activity unit of football in UPI. To test the difference in the contribution rate to the stamina and endurance in athletes of student activity unit of football in UPI. The method that used in this research is descriptive method. The total sample is 30 people and using Simple Random Sampling. To know and test the hypothesis, the authors use test and measurement as a means of collecting data using test instruments for speed run 20 meters, 400 meters to test Balke's stamina and endurance. The data obtained were processed and analyzed with a statistical approach with simple regression correlation analysis techniques and independent sample t-test. Based on the results of data analysis and processing, it is known that the velocity contributed by 18.7% and by 13.2% durability. From these results it can be concluded that there is a difference in speed contributes to stamina and endurance in athletes of student activity unit of football in UPI

Stamina of a non-gasketed flange joint under combined internal pressure and axial loading

The performance of a bolted flange joint is characterized mainly by its 'strength' and 'sealing capability'. A number of numerical and experimental studies have been conducted to study these characteristics under internal pressure loading conditions alone. However, limited work is found in the literature under conditions of combined internal pressure and axial loading. The effect of external, axial loading pressure being unknown, the optimal performance of the bolted flange joint cannot be achieved. Current design codes do not address the effects of axial loading on structural integrity and sealing ability. To study joint strength and sealing capability under combined loading conditions, an extensive experimental and numerical study of a non-gasketed flange joint was carried out. Actual joint load capacity was determined at both design and test stages with the maximum external axial loading that can be applied for safe joint performance. Experimental and numerical results have been compared and overall joint performance and behaviour is discussed in detail