Biological report - fish mortality, River Conder, 21.7.79

Following a large scale fish mortality caused by a considerable spillage of a pentachlbrophenol-based disinfectant from a mushroom farm, a biological survey of the river Conder was undertaken on 23.7.79. A spillage of this same make of disinfectant from this mushroom farm in February 1976 caused a similar large scale fish mortality. On that occasion, the pollution appeared to have little effect on the benthic invertebrates of the river Conder, with no dead organisms found, although the small beck which received the spillage was quite badly affected. This recent spillage of disinfectant involved a considerably greater volume (approximately 900 gallons) than the 1976 discharge and so this report looks at whether invertebrate fauna of the main river were affected on this occasion. Kick samples were taken at a number of sites in the river Conder from the confluence with the polluted beck to Conder Green. A control sample was also taken upstream of the confluence with the polluted beck. All samples were examined on site and live and dead invertebrates noted and identified as accurately as possible

"Killing spillage": an algorithm to reduce microphone spillage and improve phase coherence.

Since the earliest days of multi-microphone live recording, the problem of spillage has dogged the sound engineer. Numerous strategies have evolved including microphone placement, acoustic screening, gating and phase inversion. The acoustic content of spillage can vary from a near direct signal in the case of adjacent mics on a drum kit to almost pure reverb in the case of a live recording with acoustically significant spacing between the performers. In certain physical setups, the problem is unavoidable and inevitably compromises the degree of control that can be exercised when mixing. It is principally for this reason that it is considered ‘a problem’. If spillage could be tamed, then the impact on all production would indeed be profound. Classical recordings might afford the producer radical new “Rock’n’Roll” interventionist techniques. Rock producers might be tempted to allow bands to play live in a room even when a highly “separated’ sound is the ultimate goal, and jazz musicians might avoid having to wear the headphones they so often dread. That is only the beginning. This paper will present a radical new working methodology that can dramatically reduce spillage in a way never before possible by utilising convolution technology that could be coupled with almost any “traditional” recording technique, but will focus on time-delayed and ambient problems. A unique Max/MSP patch will be demonstrated and audio examples will be played to illustrate the effectiveness of the approach. It will delve into commonly understood theory yet demonstrate for the first time, one of tomorrow’s “traditional” recording techniques

Water-tunnel investigation of concepts for alleviation of adverse inlet spillage interactions with external stores

A test was conducted in the NASA Langley 16- by 24-Inch Water Tunnel to study alleviation of the adverse interactions of inlet spillage flow on the external stores of a fighter aircraft. A 1/48-scale model of a fighter aircraft was used to simulate the flow environment around the aircraft inlets and on the downstream underside of the fuselage. A controlled inlet mass flow was simulated by drawing water into the inlets. Various flow control devices were used on the underside of the aircraft model to manipulate the vortical inlet spillage flow

Inlet-engine matching for SCAR including application of a bicone variable geometry inlet

Airflow characteristics of variable cycle engines (VCE) designed for Mach 2.32 can have transonic airflow requirements as high as 1.6 times the cruise airflow. This is a formidable requirement for conventional, high performance, axisymmetric, translating centerbody mixed compression inlets. An alternate inlet is defined, where the second cone of a two cone center body collapses to the initial cone angle to provide a large off-design airflow capability, and incorporates modest centerbody translation to minimize spillage drag. Estimates of transonic spillage drag are competitive with those of conventional translating centerbody inlets. The inlet's cruise performance exhibits very low bleed requirements with good recovery and high angle of attack capability

Oil Spillage and Environmental Preservation: An Evaluation of SPDC's Community Relations Activities in Ogoni, Nigeria

This study examined how community relations activities were used by Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) to manage oil spillage in Ogoni land. Oil spillage in Ogoni has led to the contamination of water and destruction of farm lands, thereby causing a strain in the relationship between Ogoni indigenes and SPDC. Three research objectives were raised for this study with the aim to determine the extent to which Ogoni community had been exposed to oil spillage, to find out SPDC's community relations activities towards managing the aftermath of the oil spillage and to investigate the community's perception of the oil producing company's community relations activities in response to oil spillage. Survey and key informant interview designs were adopted for the study. For the survey, 399 respondents were drawn from two local government areas (LGA), Khana and Gokhana, which were randomly selected, while a representative of SPDC participated in the key informant interview. The findings revealed that oil spillage is still on-going in Ogoni and it constitutes a major cause of conflicts with the oil company. The community is also irk with SPDC's community relations activities in dealing with the spillages. Keywords: Oil spillage, Community relations, Environment, Perception, Ogoni,Nigeria

Short and slim nacelle design for ultra-high BPR engines

An optimisation method consisting of the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) and computational fluid dynamics of aero-engine nacelles is outlined. The method is applied to three nacelle lengths to determine the relative performance of different ultra-high bypass ratio engine nacelles. The optimal designs at each nacelle length are optimised for three objective functions: cruise drag, drag rise Mach number and change in spillage drag from mid to end of cruise. The Pareto sets generated from these optimisation computations demonstrate that the design space for short nacelles is much narrower in terms of these performace metrics and there are significant penalties in the off design conditions compared to the longer nacelle. Specifically the minimum spillage drag coefficient attainable, for a nacelle with a drag rise Mach number above 0.87, was 0.0040 for the shortest nacelle compared to 0.0005 for a nacelle which was 23% longer

Systematically improvable optimized atomic basis sets for {\it ab inito} calculations

We propose a unique scheme to construct fully optimized atomic basis sets for density-functional calculations. The shapes of the radial functions are optimized by minimizing the {\it spillage} of the wave functions between the atomic orbital calculations and the converged plane wave calculations for dimer systems. The quality of the bases can be systematically improved by increasing the size of the bases within the same framework. The scheme is easy to implement and very flexible. We have done extensive tests of this scheme for wide variety of systems. The results show that the obtained atomic basis sets are very satisfactory for both accuracy and transferability

Quick-disconnect coupling safe transfer of hazardous fluids

Quick-disconnect coupling is used for uncoupling of plumbing during ground-to-vehicle transfer of cryogenic and hazardous fluids. The coupling allows remote positive control of liquid pressure and flow during the transfer operation, remote connection and separation capabilities, and negligible liquid spillage upon disconnection