64,633 research outputs found
Proportional hazards models with continuous marks
For time-to-event data with finitely many competing risks, the proportional
hazards model has been a popular tool for relating the cause-specific outcomes
to covariates [Prentice et al. Biometrics 34 (1978) 541--554]. This article
studies an extension of this approach to allow a continuum of competing risks,
in which the cause of failure is replaced by a continuous mark only observed at
the failure time. We develop inference for the proportional hazards model in
which the regression parameters depend nonparametrically on the mark and the
baseline hazard depends nonparametrically on both time and mark. This work is
motivated by the need to assess HIV vaccine efficacy, while taking into account
the genetic divergence of infecting HIV viruses in trial participants from the
HIV strain that is contained in the vaccine, and adjusting for covariate
effects. Mark-specific vaccine efficacy is expressed in terms of one of the
regression functions in the mark-specific proportional hazards model. The new
approach is evaluated in simulations and applied to the first HIV vaccine
efficacy trial.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/07-AOS554 the Annals of
Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical
Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Density Regression Based on Proportional Hazards Family
This paper develops a class of density regression models based on proportional hazards family, namely, Gamma transformation proportional hazard (Gt-PH) model . Exact inference for the regression parameters and hazard ratio is derived. These estimators enjoy some good properties such as unbiased estimation, which may not be shared by other inference methods such as maximum likelihood estimate (MLE). Generalised confidence interval and hypothesis testing for regression parameters are also provided. The method itself is easy to implement in practice. The regression method is also extended to Lasso-based variable selection.National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 71490725, 71071087 and 11261048
Local partial likelihood estimation in proportional hazards regression
Fan, Gijbels and King [Ann. Statist. 25 (1997) 1661--1690] considered the
estimation of the risk function in the proportional hazards model.
Their proposed estimator is based on integrating the estimated derivative
function obtained through a local version of the partial likelihood. They
proved the large sample properties of the derivative function, but the large
sample properties of the estimator for the risk function itself were not
established. In this paper, we consider direct estimation of the relative risk
function for any location normalization point .
The main novelty in our approach is that we select observations in shrinking
neighborhoods of both and when constructing a local version of the
partial likelihood, whereas Fan, Gijbels and King [Ann. Statist. 25 (1997)
1661--1690] only concentrated on a single neighborhood, resulting in the
cancellation of the risk function in the local likelihood function. The
asymptotic properties of our estimator are rigorously established and the
variance of the estimator is easily estimated. The idea behind our approach is
extended to estimate the differences between groups. A simulation study is
carried out.Comment: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009053606000001299 in the
Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of
Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Robust Inference for Univariate Proportional Hazards Frailty Regression Models
We consider a class of semiparametric regression models which are
one-parameter extensions of the Cox [J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B 34 (1972)
187-220] model for right-censored univariate failure times. These models assume
that the hazard given the covariates and a random frailty unique to each
individual has the proportional hazards form multiplied by the frailty.
The frailty is assumed to have mean 1 within a known one-parameter family of
distributions. Inference is based on a nonparametric likelihood. The behavior
of the likelihood maximizer is studied under general conditions where the
fitted model may be misspecified. The joint estimator of the regression and
frailty parameters as well as the baseline hazard is shown to be uniformly
consistent for the pseudo-value maximizing the asymptotic limit of the
likelihood. Appropriately standardized, the estimator converges weakly to a
Gaussian process. When the model is correctly specified, the procedure is
semiparametric efficient, achieving the semiparametric information bound for
all parameter components. It is also proved that the bootstrap gives valid
inferences for all parameters, even under misspecification.
We demonstrate analytically the importance of the robust inference in several
examples. In a randomized clinical trial, a valid test of the treatment effect
is possible when other prognostic factors and the frailty distribution are both
misspecified. Under certain conditions on the covariates, the ratios of the
regression parameters are still identifiable. The practical utility of the
procedure is illustrated on a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma dataset.Comment: Published by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics
(http://www.imstat.org) in the Annals of Statistics
(http://www.imstat.org/aos/) at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/00905360400000053
Generating Survival Times to Simulate Cox Proportional Hazards Models
This paper discusses techniques to generate survival times for simulation studies regarding Cox proportional hazards models. In linear regression models, the response variable is directly connected with the considered covariates, the regression coefficients and the simulated random errors. Thus, the response variable can be generated from the regression function, once the regression coefficients and the error distribution are specified. However, in the Cox model, which is formulated via the hazard function, the effect of the covariates have to be translated from the hazards to the survival times, because the usual software packages for estimation of Cox models require the individual survival time data. A general formula describing the relation between the hazard and the corresponding survival time of the Cox model is derived. It is shown how the exponential, the Weibull and the Gompertz distribution can be used to generate appropriate survival times for simulation studies. Additionally, the general relation between hazard and survival time can be used to develop own distributions for special situations and to handle flexibly parameterized proportional hazards models. The use of other distributions than the exponential distribution only is indispensable to investigate the characteristics of the Cox proportional hazards model, especially in non-standard situations, where the partial likelihood depends on the baseline hazard
Regularization for Cox's proportional hazards model with NP-dimensionality
High throughput genetic sequencing arrays with thousands of measurements per
sample and a great amount of related censored clinical data have increased
demanding need for better measurement specific model selection. In this paper
we establish strong oracle properties of nonconcave penalized methods for
nonpolynomial (NP) dimensional data with censoring in the framework of Cox's
proportional hazards model. A class of folded-concave penalties are employed
and both LASSO and SCAD are discussed specifically. We unveil the question
under which dimensionality and correlation restrictions can an oracle estimator
be constructed and grasped. It is demonstrated that nonconcave penalties lead
to significant reduction of the "irrepresentable condition" needed for LASSO
model selection consistency. The large deviation result for martingales,
bearing interests of its own, is developed for characterizing the strong oracle
property. Moreover, the nonconcave regularized estimator, is shown to achieve
asymptotically the information bound of the oracle estimator. A coordinate-wise
algorithm is developed for finding the grid of solution paths for penalized
hazard regression problems, and its performance is evaluated on simulated and
gene association study examples.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-AOS911 the Annals of
Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical
Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
- …