37 research outputs found
Correlation between flexibility of chain-like polyelectrolyte and thermodynamic properties of its solution
Structural and thermodynamic properties of the model solution containing
charged oligomers and the equivalent number of counterions were studied by
means of the canonical Monte Carlo simulation technique. The oligomers are
represented as (flexible) freely jointed chains or as a linear (rigid) array of
charged hard spheres. In accordance with the primitive model of electrolyte
solutions, the counterions are modeled as charged hard spheres and the solvent
as dielectric continuum. Significant differences in the pair distribution
functions, obtained for the rigid (rod-like) and flexible model are found but
the differences in thermodynamic properties, such as, enthalpy of dilution and
excess chemical potential, are less significant. The results are discussed in
light of the experimental data an aqueous polyelectrolyte solutions. The
simulations suggest that deviations from the fully extended (rod-like)
conformation yield slightly stronger binding of counterions. On the other hand,
the flexibility of polyions, even when coupled with the ion-size effects,
cannot be blamed for qualitative differences between the theoretical results
and experimental data for enthalpy of dilution.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figure
Solvent primitive model of an electric double layer in slit-like pores: microscopic structure, adsorption and capacitance from a density functional approach
We investigate the electric double layer formed between charged walls of a
slit-like pore and a solvent primitive model (SPM) for electrolyte solution.
The recently developed version of the weighted density functional approach for
electrostatic interparticle interaction is applied to the study of the density
profiles, adsorption and selectivity of adsorption of ions and solvent species.
Our principal focus, however, is in the dependence of differential capacitance
on the applied voltage, on the electrode and on the pore width. We discuss the
properties of the model with respect to the behavior of a primitive model,
i.e., in the absence of a hard-sphere solvent. We observed that the
differential capacitance of the SPM on the applied electrostatic potential has
the camel-like shape unless the ion fraction is high. Moreover, it is
documented that the dependence of differential capacitance of the SPM on the
pore width is oscillatory, which is in close similarity to the primitive model.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure
On the contact conditions for the charge profile in the theory of the electrical double layer for nonsymmetrical electrolytes
The contact value of the charge profile for nonsymmetrical electrolytes is
presented as the sum of three contributions. One of them is the normal
component of the Maxwell electrostatic stress tensor. The second one is the
surface electrostatic property defined as the integral of the product of the
gradient of the electrical potential and the density distribution function of
coions. The third term is the bulk contribution defined by the sum for anions
and for cations of the product of their charge and their partial pressure. For
noncharged surfaces only the last two are present and have the same sign in the
case of size asymmetry. In the case of charge asymmetry the contact value of
the charge profile is the result of the competitions of bulk and surface terms
in which the bulk term is dominant. Using both the contact theorems for the
density and the charge profiles, the exact expressions for the contact values
of the profiles of coions and counterions are obtained and some related
properties are discussed.Comment: 5 page
Criticality in strongly correlated fluids
In this brief review I will discuss criticality in strongly correlated
fluids. Unlike simple fluids, molecules of which interact through short ranged
isotropic potential, particles of strongly correlated fluids usually interact
through long ranged forces of Coulomb or dipolar form. While for simple fluids
mechanism of phase separation into liquid and gas was elucidated by van der
Waals more than a century ago, the universality class of strongly correlated
fluids, or in some cases even existence of liquid-gas phase separation remains
uncertain.Comment: Proceedings of Scaling Concepts and Complex Systems, Merida, Mexic
Electrostatics of ions inside the nanopores and trans-membrane channels
A model of a finite cylindrical ion channel through a phospholipid membrane
of width separating two electrolyte reservoirs is studied. Analytical
solution of the Poisson equation is obtained for an arbitrary distribution of
ions inside the trans-membrane pore. The solution is asymptotically exact in
the limit of large ionic strength of electrolyte on the two sides of membrane.
However, even for physiological concentrations of electrolyte, the
electrostatic barrier sizes found using the theory are in excellent agreement
with the numerical solution of the Poisson equation. The analytical solution is
used to calculate the electrostatic potential energy profiles for pores
containing charged protein residues. Availability of a semi-exact interionic
potential should greatly facilitate the study of ionic transport through
nanopores and ion channels
Effect of colloidal charge discretization in the primitive model
The effect of fixed discrete colloidal charges in the primitive model is
investigated for spherical macroions. Instead of considering a central bare
charge, as it is traditionally done, we distribute \textit{discrete} charges
randomly on the sphere. We use molecular dynamics simulations to study this
effect on various properties such as overcharging, counterion distribution and
diffusion. In the vicinity of the colloid surface the electrostatic potential
may considerably differ from the one obtained with a central charge. In the
strong Coulomb coupling, we showed that the colloidal charge discretization
qualitatively influences the counterion distribution and leads to a strong
colloidal charge-counterion pair association. However, we found that
\textit{charge inversion} still persists even if strong pair association is
observed.Comment: 16 pages, 16 ps figures, REVTEX, accepted for publication in EPJ
Spherical Colloids: Effect of Discrete Macroion Charge Distribution and Counterion Valence
We report the coupled effects of macroion charge discretization and
counterion valence in the primitive model for spherical colloids. Instead of
considering a uniformly charged surface, as it is traditionally done, we
consider a more realistic situation where \textit{discrete monovalent
microscopic charges} are randomly distributed over the sphere. Monovalent or
multivalent counterions ensure global electroneutrality. We use molecular
dynamics simulations to study these effects at the ground state and for finite
temperature. The ground state analysis concerns the counterion structure and
\textit{charge inversion}. Results are discussed in terms of simple analytical
models. For finite temperature, strong and weak Coulomb couplings are treated.
In this situation of finite temperature, we considered and discussed the
phenomena of ionic pairing (pinning) and unpairing (unpinning).Comment: 24 pages, 12 (main) figures (28 EPS files). To appear in Physica