Stochastic modelling of the effects of interdependencies between critical infrastructure

An approach to Quantitative Interdependency Analysis, in the context of Large Complex Critical Infrastructures, is presented in this paper. A Discrete state–space, Continuous–time, Stochastic Process models the operation of critical infrastructure, taking interdependencies into account. Of primary interest are the implications of both model detail (that is, level of model abstraction) and model parameterisation for the study of dependencies. Both of these factors are observed to affect the distribution of cascade–sizes within and across infrastructure

Application of aerosol electrometer for ambient particle charge measurements

The charge on ambient atmospheric particles is an important parameter in the investigation of particle dynamics. Yet, there is only limited knowledge available on it, mainly due to the lack of instrumentation for its direct measurement. The aim of this study was to explore the application and suitability of the Aerosol Electrometer (AE) TSI Model 3068 as a direct instrument for measuring ambient particle charge concentration, thereby extending its use beyond the current applications. Through a set of experimental investigations the AE was applied to measure net concentration of charged particles in different environments. Results of the study showed the instrument is mostly suitable for outdoor field measurement, when particle charge concentrations are elevated, such as in the vicinity of strong ion emitting sources (high voltage powerlines, electricity substations, etc); and under conditions of air relative humidity of below 60%. Operating the instrument above this humidity value would require the use of a dehumidifier. 74% (R2) statistical correlation (P<0.05) was obtained between the readings of the AE and the Air Ion Counter, when both instruments were used to simultaneously sample ambient air

Prediction of switching transients in high voltage air-insulated substations

Describes the process of prediction of switching transients in high voltage air-insulated substations

The method of reducing the intensity of magnetic field outside high voltage power substations

This work looks at theoretical methods for reducing the magnetic field generated outside the area of high voltage power substations. It has been shown that changing the construction of busbar wires is an effective measure that facilitates a reduction in the intensity of electromagnetic fields generated inside and outside the area of a substation. The measures connected with the phase sequence alternating of busbar wires can be implemented at the design stage and do not require an additional cost for implementation.В данной работе рассматриваются теоретические методы уменьшения магнитного поля за пределами подстанций высокого напряжения. Было показано, что чередование фаз проводов соседних ошиновок влияет на снижение интенсивности магнитного поля за пределами подстанций высокого напряжения, и эти меры могут быть реализованы на стадии проектных работ, не требуя дополнительных затрат для их реализации