Plant Species From Coal Mine Overburden Dumping Site in Satui, South Kalimantan, Indonesia

Coal mine overburden (OB) materials were nutrient-poor, loosely adhered particles of shale, stones, boulders, and cobbles, also contained elevated concentration of trace metals. This condition cause OB substrate did not support plants growth. However, there were certain species that able to grow on overburden dumping site. This investigation sought to identify plants species that presence on coal mine overburden. The research was conducted on opencast coal mine OB dumping site in Satui, South Kalimantan. Vegetation sampling was carried out on six different ages of coal mine OB dumps (7, 10, 11, 42, 59 and 64 month) using line transect. Species identification used information from local people, AMDAL report of PT Arutmin Indonesia-Satui mine project, and website. There were 123 plant species, consisted of 79 herbs (Cyperaceae, Poaceae and Asteraceae), 10 lianes, bryophyte, 9 ferns, 10 shrubs, and 14 trees. A number of Poaceae, i.e., Paspalumconjugatum, Paspalumdilatatum, and Echinochloacolona generally present among the stones, boulders, and cobbles. While Cyperaceae such as Fimbristylis miliaceae, Cyperus javanicus, Rhyncospora corymbosa and Scleria sumatrensis most often foundinand around thebasin/pond with its smooth and humid substrate characteristics. Certain species of shrubs and trees present on the 7 month OB dumping site. They wereChromolaena odorata, Clibadium Surinamense, Melastoma malabathricum, Trema micrantha, and Solanum torvum (Shrubs), Ochroma pyramidale and Homalanthus populifolius (trees). This plant species could be used for accelerating primary succession purpose on coal mine overburden dumping site. Nevertheless, species selection was needed to avoid planting invasive species

Plant Species Diversity of Pangi Binangga Nature Reserve, Central Sulawesi

Pangi Binangga Nature Reserve is one of eight nature reserves in Central Sulawesi. In 1998, Pangi Binangga was designated as a conservation area, however, the diversty of the plant species not been recognized and reported. Pangi Binangga Nature Reserve is a lowland forest with vegetation and grassland forest, with primary and secondary forest vegetation. The objectives of this research are to provide informations of plant species in the Pangi Binangga Area. Exploration method was conducted throughout the region, and found 518 species. Rubiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae, Compositae, Araceae, Urticaceae dominate in Pangi Binangga forest. Four species of them are endemic to Sulawesi, five species belong to endangered plants and 10 species of invasive

Distribution of Invasive Plant Species in Different Land-use Systems in Sumatera, Indonesia

Disturbances caused by the conversion of rain forests into agricultural systems provide an opportunity for the expansion of Invasive Plant Species (IPS). Bukit Duabelas National Park is one of the few remaining lowland forests in Jambi Province (Sumatera, Indonesia). The surrounding areas up to the national park borders have already been converted into jungle rubber agroforests as well as rubber and oil palm plantations which might lead to an increased spread of IPS into the forest. This study was aimed at compiling a list of IPS and determining their distribution and coverage of IPS in four land use systems (rain forest jungle rubber, rubber and oil palm plantations). Spatial distribution patterns were investigated by creating a horizontal vegetation profile diagram for the permanent plots of the EFForTS project (Ecological and Socioeconomic Functions of Tropical Lowland Rainforest Transformation Systems, http://www.uni-goettingen.de/crc990). The dominance of IPS was determined using Important Value Index. A total of forty IPS were identified across the four land-use systems. The numbers of IPS were the highest in oil palm (28 species) and rubber plantations (27 species), and the lowest in jungle rubber (10 species). IPS were absent in the lowland rain forest. The diversity of IPS was influenced by environmental factors, especially canopy openness. IPS with the highest ground coverage were Dicranopteris linearis and Clidemia hirta. Both of them were found in all three land-use systems outside the rain forest when the forest canopy opens due to illegal logging or other human disturbances. Therefore, reforestation of disturbed areas is recommended to prevent the spread of IPS

Plant Species Diversity in Relation to Carbon Stocks at Jangkok Watershed, Lombok Island

The area around Jangkok watershed has changed, dividing it into some land use systems. This research aimed to study the effect of plant species diversity onC-stocks, and to analyse the characteristics of land use systems based on their similarity. The observations were carried out on 18 plots representing six land use systems in Jangkok watershed (Lombok Island) i.e. primary forest (PF), disturbed forest (DF), Mahogany- woodlot (MW), candlenut- agroforestry (CA), multistrata- agroforestry (MA), and simple- agroforestry (SA).The species diversity level was measured using Shannon-Weiner diversity index, whileC-stocks according to the method of RaCSA (Rapid Carbon Stock Appraisal). Results showed that forest conversion to agricultural land usesreduced the number and density of the species, average wooddensity andtree basal area. The PF represented the highest biodiversity index (3.46), while the other land uses were categorised in medium and low. Largest C-stock wasfound inPF and in(30 years old) of MWaveraged of 500 Mg ha-1, while the lowest was in SAof 68 Mg ha-1, while in other land uses was 219 Mg ha-1.The quantity of C-stock was not related tospecies diversity and its density, but closely related (pof tree (R2=0.84), basal area of all sizes tree (R2=0.86), and with the basal area of big trees (diameter > 30 cm) (R2=0.71). Based on the number and species density, agroforestry system (MA and CA) resembled the characteristics of natural forest (DF and PF)./spanEN-GBspan style

Checklist of Plant Species on the Peucang Island (Ujung Kulon Nature Reserve, West Java)

The Peucang Island is situated just off westernmost tip of West Java and is a portion of the Ujung Kulon Nature Reserve.It covers a total area of 450 hectares,comprising the level land and a ridge in the central portion with the highest point of about 30 m above sea level.Geologically this island is composed of Tertiary materials and alluvial materials on southern and eastern coastal areas (Verbeek and Fennema 1896).From the southeastern shore towards the hills, there are three types of soil, i.e. the sandy regosols, the tuffaceous over sandy regosols and the latosolized tuffaceous regosols over podsolized grumusols (Soerianegara 1969)

The Spread of Non-native Plant Species Collection of Cibodas Botanical Garden Into Mt. Gede Pangrango National Park

The role of botanic garden in spread of non-native plant species has concerned of International worldwide. This study aimed to study the extent of non-native plant species from Cibodas Botanical Garden (CBG) which invades into natural rainforest. A line transect was made edge-to-interior with 1,600 m in distance from CBG boundary. Result showed that distance from CBG was not significant in correlation with non-native tree and treelet density. Furthermore, presence of existing CBGs plant collection was not a single aspect which influenced presence and abundance. Three invasive species possibly was escape from CBG and it showed edge-to-interior in stems density, i.e. Cinchona pubescens, Calliandra calothyrsus and Cestrum aurantiacum. The patterns of non-native species were influenced by presence of ditch across transect, existence of human trail, and the other non-native species did not have general pattern of spread distribution. Overall, botanical gardens should minimize the risk of unintentional introduced plant by perform site-specific risk assessment

Soil nematode communities in grasslands

This thesis summarizes the results of five studies investigating the effect of plant species on soil nematode communities in grasslands. Nematodes (roundworms) are ubiquitous members of the soil fauna and have been much used as indicators of soil conditions. Plants have the ability to affect soil organisms through structural modification of the soil habitat and through the quantity and quality of organic matter that is returned to soil, in the form of plant litter and root exudates. The influence of grassland plant species on the soil nematode fauna was investigated in an experimental grassland, a glasshouse experiment and in a semi-natural grassland. Monocultures of 12 grassland plant species belonging to three plant functional groups, viz. grasses, legumes and non-leguminous forbs, were investigated in the field experiment and a subset of these in the other two systems. Plant species effects were common, for example, plant feeding and bacterial feeding nematodes responded positively to legumes and grasses, while forbs enhanced fungal feeding nematodes. Plant species identity appeared to be much more important than plant functional group for the nematode fauna. The effects of plants were quite consistent between field and glasshouse experiments. The influence of plant species diversity and functional diversity on the nematode fauna was investigated in the experimental grassland. Plant species composition proved to be more important for soil nematode communities than any of the plant diversity measures, but the hypothesis that species or functional diversity of plants affect nematode diversity or composition could not be rejected. My results also suggest that plant species identity may be an important determinant of spatial structure in natural grasslands. There was a succession of the nematode fauna during the eight years after establishment of the experimental grassland, especially indicated by the increase in maturity index of the nematode fauna. The results highlight the need for long-term experiments to reveal successional trends in soil nematode communities after cessation of agriculture. The increase of plant feeders with time, the slow colonization rate and the enhanced abundance of fungal feeders in soil under forbs have implications for nature restoration of former agricultural land

On the risk of extinction of a wild plant species through spillover of a biological control agent: analysis of an ecosystem compartment model

Invasive plant species can be controlled by introducing one or more of their natural enemies (herbivores) from their native range; however such introduction entails the risk that the introduced natural enemy will attack indigenous plant species in the area of introduction. The effect of spillover of a natural enemy from a managed ecosystem compartment (agriculture) in the area of introduction to a natural compartment (non-managed) in which an indigenous plant species is attacked by the introduced natural enemy, whereas another indigenous plant species, which competes with the first, is not attacked, has been studied. The combination of competition and herbivory may result in extinction of the attacked wild plant species. Using a modelling approach, the authors have determined model parameters that characterize the risk of extinction. The findings point to the importance of spillover and the relative attack rates (specificity) of introduced natural enemies with respect to target and non-target plant specie