Prophylactic Neutrality, Oppression, and the Reverse Pascal's Wager

In Beyond Neutrality, George Sher criticises the idea that state neutrality between competing conceptions of the good helps protect society from oppression. While he is correct that some governments are non-neutral without being oppressive, I argue that those governments may be neutral at the core of their foundations. The possibility of non-neutrality leading to oppression is further explored; some conceptions of the good would favour oppression while others would not. While it is possible that a non-neutral state may avoid oppression, it is argued that the risks are so great that it is better to bet on government being neutral, thereby minimizing the possibility of oppression

Femininity Aspect as Reflected in Lisa See\u27s Snow Flower and the Secret Fan

The purpose of this study is to describe forms opression faced by Chinese women in the nineteenth century as reflected in te novel “Snow Flower and the Secret Fan” written by Lisa See, then to find out the way of the Chinese women to minimize their secluded life. This study is carried out with descriptive research which is collected with documentary technique and used a documentary sheet as the instrument. The finding indicates about the idea of femininity aspect that describes in the oppression faced by Chinese women. This oppression derives into three forms of oppression; emotional oppression, physical oppression, and sexual oppression. The Chinese women try to obey the particular custom judge by the culture to construct the femininity aspect, but secretly they tru to find a way to minimize their secluded life through Nu Shu (secret writing) and having a baby boy. It is hoped that the result of this study will be useful to anyone who wants to study women life situation in a certain communities

Climate of oppression

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Oppression and Racism Toward Black American in “12 Years a Slave” Movie

The study deals with those oppressions faced by Black American in “12 Years aSlave” movie and what resistances they showed toward those oppressions. Theobjectives of the study are to describe the oppressions faced by the two maincharacters – Platt and Patsey and to explain the resistances they shown in “12Years a Slave” Movie. This research focuses the study merely on oppressionfaced by two main characters; they were Salomon Northup or Platt and Patsey.This research was conducted by using descriptive qualitative design and limitedon two of main characters. The data analysis result was found five kinds ofoppression faced by black American in this film, those were: powerlessness,exploitation, marginalization, culture imperialism and violence. The resistancesshown by American toward those oppressions were revolt, radicalism, asking forhelp and religion or spirituality. The issue of racism with oppression had been thecrucial issue since long time ago which could not be denied that until nowadaysthe issue of racism is still happening though without oppression. The stigma ofBlack was being inferior and white was being superior had driven mind into thedestruction of race relationship between Black and White. However, in this filmwe could see how badly the oppression faced by black American and how theystruggled for fighting toward those oppressions

Collective Responsibility for Oppression

Many contemporary forms of oppression are not primarily the result of formally organized collective action nor are they an unintended outcome of a combination of individual actions. This raises the question of collective responsibility. I argue that we can only determine who is responsible for oppression if we understand oppression as a matter of social practices that create obstacles for social change. This social practice view of oppression enables two insights: First, that there is an unproblematic sense in which groups can bear irreducible collective responsibility for oppression. Second, that there are derived forms of individual responsibility for members of dominant groups

Identity and Oppression: Differential Responses to an In-Between Status

Oppression operates at various levels, with varying degrees of negativity, and groups respond in markedly different ways. In this paper, the in-between status of the colored South African group is used to illustrate issues of identity and oppression under the Apartheid system—and differing ways in which oppression was experienced and used. The colored group had many social advantages over Blacks, but were also used to oppress that group. Habituation, accommodation, and relative advantage were identified as dynamics within the broader context of power and privilege that contributed to cultural and psychological marginality and status ambivalence of the coloreds. These processes must be understood within the historical, social, and political context of the community. What is evident from the data is that groups and individuals can take up various positions along a continuum of oppressor—oppressed, depending upon the contexts, time, and social and legal relationships involved in their interactions

The Racial Oppression in America’s Mass Incarceration

This paper seeks to expose the racial oppression embedded within the United States\u27 practice of mass incarceration and will provide recommendations to ameliorate this discriminatory practice that harshly and inequitably impacts people of color. Many minority communities are stuck in a continuous cycle of poverty and incarceration, in part because they are targeted and oppressed by the criminal justice system more frequently than middle class white communities. Consequently, incarcerated people of color exhibit high rates of recidivism because of being stripped of resources and being sent back to impoverished, drug-ridden neighborhoods. The War on Drugs in the 1980s and the continuance of poor relations between law enforcement and minority communities are significant contributing factors that have led to the mass incarceration of racial minority groups. The economic, political, and societal oppression of minority communities that unquestionably contributes to mass incarceration will be highlighted throughout this paper. Creating policies that involve transforming the U.S. legal system and providing communal support will be crucial in eradicating this systemic racial oppression

The trouble with ethnicity

The concept of exploitation is central to the Marxist understanding of history and contemporary society. But not all social conflicts can be immediately reduced to the struggle between exploiters and exploited, and to explain these conflicts we require other concepts. The most important is that of oppression. This refers to systematic discrimination by one social group against another on the grounds of characteristics either inherited (skin colour, gender) or socially acquired (religious belief, sexual orientation). The experience of oppression cuts across class lines, although that experience is more or less severe depending on where its victims are placed within the class structure. Some forms, like the oppression of women, have persisted throughout the existence of class society, while others, like racism, are specific to capitalism alone. Sometimes the reasons, or pretexts, for the oppression of a group may change over time. During the feudal era, for example, Jewish people were persecuted for their religious beliefs, but as capitalism developed persecution increasingly took place on the grounds of their supposed race. Whatever the reason or pretext, however, ruling classes throughout history have instigated or endorsed the oppression of different groups in order to maintain or create divisions amongst those over whom they rule. Recently, groups have increasingly been subjected to oppression on the grounds of their ethnicity. The most extreme form of such oppression has become known as 'ethnic cleansing'

Patterns of Enslavement and Economic Oppression of Central Virginia

I address how anthropologists can identify the patterns and development of slavery and economic oppression through archaeology and the visualization of Virginia enslavement. I focus on the enslaved people of James Madison\u27s Montpelier. I use 3D modeling as a foundation for integrating enhanced visuals with the goal of presenting a tangible understanding of the enslaved individuals in relation to the artifacts and history of the archaeological sites. I intend to show a common theme in economic oppression by comparing modern themes in slavery and examining Fraser D. Neiman\u27s synthesis of the evolutionary perspective of slavery, and how little has changed in economic practices.https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/uresposters/1261/thumbnail.jp

European American Therapist Self-Disclosure in Cross-Cultural Counseling

Eleven European American psychotherapists\u27 use of self-disclosure in cross-cultural counseling was studied using consensual qualitative research. As reasons for self-disclosing, therapists reported the intent to enhance the counseling relationship, acknowledge the role of racism/oppression in clients\u27 lives, and acknowledge their own racist/oppressive attitudes. Results indicated that therapists typically shared their reactions to clients\u27 experiences of racism or oppression and that these self-disclosures typically had positive effects in therapy, often improving the counseling relationship by helping clients feel understood and enabling clients to advance to other important issues