Integrated nematode management

This book outlines the economic importance of specific plant parasitic nematode problems on the major food and industrial crops and presents the state-of-the-art management strategies that have been developed to reduce specific nematode impacts and outlines their limitations. Case studies to illustrate nematode impact in the field are presented and future changes in nematode disease pressure that might develop as a result of climate change and new cropping systems are discussed.illustrato

ECONOMIC THRESHOLDS UNDER UNCERTAINTY WITH APPLICATION TO CORN NEMATODE MANAGEMENT

An economic threshold of agricultural pest management is derived. Results provide a method for researchers to use in making improved pest control recommendations to farmers without farm level decision-making. An empirical illustration for lesion nematode management in irrigated corn is given and directions for further research are indicated.Crop Production/Industries, Risk and Uncertainty,

Crop Rotations and Dynamic Analysis of Southeastern Peanut Farms

Agricultural policy objectives provide green payment incentives for farmers to initiate practices with environmental benefits. Velvet beans planted as a cover crop offer an alternative for southeastern peanut farmers to control nematodes without chemicals, while increasing soil fertility. Commodity programs provide government payments that are essential to rural economies of the southeast.Environmental Economics and Policy,

ORGANIC PEST MANAGEMENT DECISIONS: A SYSTEMS APPROACH

Organic farmers make system-level crop protection decisions that combine complementary insect, disease, nematode, and weed management strategies. Data from a national survey of U.S. organic farmers were used in a multivariate count data model to identify the farm and regional factors influencing adoption across the linked pest management categories. The results showed that weed management requires the greatest management effort by organic farmers. More intensive information-seeking and on-farm experimentation, higher educational attainment, and intensity of commitment to organic farming were positively related to the number of weed control strategies adopted. Predictions of adoption based on this model and customized to farm and region specifications will give information providers lead time to develop technical support for reduced chemical pest management systems.Crop Production/Industries,

ORGANIC PEST MANAGEMENT DECISIONS: A SYSTEMS APPROACH

Organic farmers make system-level crop protection decisions that combine complementary insect, disease, nematode, and weed management strategies. Data from a national survey of U.S. organic farmers were used in a multivariate count data model to identify the farm and regional factors influencing the intensity of adoption across the linked pest management categories. The results showed that weed management is of greatest concern to organic farmers. More intensive information-seeking and on-farm experimentation, higher educational attainment, and intensity of commitment to organic farming were positively related to the number of weed control strategies adopted. Predictions of adoption intensity based on this model and customized to farm and region specifications will give information providers lead time to develop technical support for reduced chemical pest management systems.Farm Management,

Harnessing Useful Rhizosphere Microorganisms for Nematode Control

Nematodes are very diverse and parasitize various plants including vegetables, and their management is of concern. Biological control of nematodes provides an environmentally friendly management option and there are various micro‐soil‐borne organisms which can be considered for this purpose. The primary goal of this chapter is to provide a review on the progress made so far, in application of biological control agents in nematode management in vegetables, cereals, and root and tuber crops. This chapter will be divided into five (5) sections: (1) herbivore‐induced plant volatiles, (2) root exudates and nematode control, (3) inhibitory metabolites in bacteria for nematode management, (4) fungi and symbiotic reprogramming in host cells, and (5) fungi antagonists of nematodes

Nematophagous fungi: Metarhizium anisopliae

Plant-parasitic nematodes are major pests affecting many economically important crop productions throughout the world. Some chemicals are widely used against the phytonematodes. Because of hazardous effects of these compounds on human beings, animals and on the environment, there is a need to develop other control strategies. Biocontrol of phytonematodes is an important method among environment-friendly measures of nematode management. There are some soil-inhabiting fungi that have biocontrol potential on phytonematodes, which can be used for nematode management. The fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, originally is an entomopathogenic bioagent has been utilizing as bionematicides. The fungus produces some secondary metabolite which may play a role in pathogenicity. Biocontrol potential of this fungus on some phytonematodes has been reported and its utilization is a major approach towards sustainable and environment friendly agricultural production