Crowdsourced Live Streaming over the Cloud

Empowered by today's rich tools for media generation and distribution, and the convenient Internet access, crowdsourced streaming generalizes the single-source streaming paradigm by including massive contributors for a video channel. It calls a joint optimization along the path from crowdsourcers, through streaming servers, to the end-users to minimize the overall latency. The dynamics of the video sources, together with the globalized request demands and the high computation demand from each sourcer, make crowdsourced live streaming challenging even with powerful support from modern cloud computing. In this paper, we present a generic framework that facilitates a cost-effective cloud service for crowdsourced live streaming. Through adaptively leasing, the cloud servers can be provisioned in a fine granularity to accommodate geo-distributed video crowdsourcers. We present an optimal solution to deal with service migration among cloud instances of diverse lease prices. It also addresses the location impact to the streaming quality. To understand the performance of the proposed strategies in the realworld, we have built a prototype system running over the planetlab and the Amazon/Microsoft Cloud. Our extensive experiments demonstrate that the effectiveness of our solution in terms of deployment cost and streaming quality

AKAD NIKAH ONLINE DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN VIA LIVE STREAMING PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM

ABSTRAKAkad Nikah melalui live streaming merupakan akad nikah yang dilangsungkan menggunakan sosial media live streaming (seperti live instagram, whatsApp). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah menggunakan pendekatan teologi normative (syar’i), yaitu pendekatan dengan menggunakan nash, KHI. Sehingga menimbulkan pertanyaan bagaimana Hukum akad nikah dengan menggunakan Live Streaming perspektif hukum Islam. Berdasarkan analisis data yang diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa Hukum Akad nikah melalui Live Streaming adalah sah. Kata Kunci: akad nikah, live streaming, hukum islam. ABSTRACT Akad Nikah through live streaming is a marriage contract that is held using social media live streaming (such as live instagram, whatsApp). The research method used is normative theological approach (syar'i), which is the approach using nash, KHI. So it raises the question of how the Law of marriage contract by using Live Streaming perspective of Islamic law. Based on the analysis of data obtained by the conclusion that the Law of Marriage Contract through Live Streaming is valid. keyword: marriage contract, live streaming, Islamic law

Gamified Live-streaming: Is Avatar Better than Human Being?

Live-streaming has emerged as a popular direct selling channel to foster synchronous interaction between streamers and consumers, with the avatar streamer largely underexplored. Using the data from a fashion retailer, we adopt the Generalized Synthetic Control (GSC) method to examine the effect of gamified and human live-streaming on product sales and return rate. We find that (1) the gamified live-streaming reduces product sales and the return rate simultaneously; (2) human live-streaming boosts product sales but increases the return rate, and (3) the dual-type live-streaming can increase product sales and decrease return rates. Furthermore, we proposed that the reason for the differentiated effects between gamified and human live-streaming could be driven by the impulse-buying behavior of viewers only in human live-streaming. Our findings contribute to the growing literature on the business value of AI technology and gamification in live-streaming and shed light on practical decisions made by online retailers

Beyond the Game: an Exploratory Study of Virtual Communication, Self-disclosure, and Social Support on Live Streaming Platforms

Research on live streaming platforms often investigates the motivations for the users viewing. One motivation that is often found is a motivation of socialization however further research should explore the socialization that occurs on live streaming platforms. This study examines the socialization process in live streaming platforms such as Twitch.TV involving self-disclosure and social support. A survey of 170 individuals asked about the use of live streaming platforms, sense of virtual community, breadth of self-disclosure, and social support. Findings suggest that individuals on live streaming platforms like other online networks build a sense of virtual community. Findings reveal that users of live streaming platforms disclose about a variety information including attitudes, work, body, and personality resulting in feelings of either received informational or emotional support from other members within the live stream. Further research into live streaming platforms may take in consideration the role of the individual within the stream and frequency of disclosure. Keywords: live streaming, self-disclosure, virtual community, social suppor

Heterogeneity in Distributed Live Streaming: Blessing or Curse?

Distributed live streaming has brought a lot of interest in the past few years. In the homogeneous case (all nodes having the same capacity), many algorithms have been proposed, which have been proven almost optimal or optimal. On the other hand, the performance of heterogeneous systems is not completely understood yet. In this paper, we investigate the impact of heterogeneity on the achievable delay of chunk-based live streaming systems. We propose several models for taking the atomicity of a chunk into account. For all these models, when considering the transmission of a single chunk, heterogeneity is indeed a ``blessing'', in the sense that the achievable delay is always faster than an equivalent homogeneous system. But for a stream of chunks, we show that it can be a ``curse'': there is systems where the achievable delay can be arbitrary greater compared to equivalent homogeneous systems. However, if the system is slightly bandwidth-overprovisioned, optimal single chunk diffusion schemes can be adapted to a stream of chunks, leading to near-optimal, faster than homogeneous systems, heterogeneous live streaming systems

Network Awareness of P2P Live Streaming Applications

Early P2P-TV systems have already attracted millions of users, and many new commercial solutions are entering this market. Little information is however available about how these systems work. In this paper we present large scale sets of experiments to compare three of the most successful P2P-TV systems, namely PPLive, SopCast and TVAnts. Our goal is to assess what level of "network awareness" has been embedded in the applications, i.e., what parameters mainly drive the peer selection and data exchange. By using a general framework that can be extended to other systems and metrics, we show that all applications largely base their choices on the peer bandwidth, i.e., they prefer high-bandwidth users, which is rather intuitive. Moreover, TVAnts and PPLive exhibits also a preference to exchange data among peers in the same autonomous system the peer belongs to. However, no evidence about preference versus peers in the same subnet or that are closer to the considered peer emerges. We believe that next-generation P2P live streaming applications definitively need to improve the level of network-awareness, so to better localize the traffic in the network and thus increase their network-friendliness as wel

Size Does Matter (in P2P Live Streaming)

Optimal dissemination schemes have previously been studied for peer-to-peer live streaming applications. Live streaming being a delay-sensitive application, fine tuning of dissemination parameters is crucial. In this report, we investigate optimal sizing of chunks, the units of data exchange, and probe sets, the number peers a given node probes before transmitting chunks. Chunk size can have significant impact on diffusion rate (chunk miss ratio), diffusion delay, and overhead. The size of the probe set can also affect these metrics, primarily through the choices available for chunk dissemination. We perform extensive simulations on the so-called random-peer, latest-useful dissemination scheme. Our results show that size does matter, with the optimal size being not too small in both cases

The Role of Media Synchronicity Fit and Sense of Community in Live Streaming Platforms

To understand viewers’ sense of community in the live streaming environment, this research synthesizes media synchronicity theory and sense of community theory to develop a theoretical framework. We aim to examine the antecedents and consequences of the sense of community in live streaming platforms. We expect that viewers’ actual communication purpose (e.g., conveyance or convergence) will influence viewers\u27 sense of community in the live streaming context and further impact their activities in traditional third-party online communities. We first use experiments to validate the mechanism in our theoretical model and then collect observational data from Twitch, a popular live streaming platform, to test our hypotheses. Our results will provide theoretical contributions to the live streaming, online community, and communication literature. Our findings will provide practical implications for streamers in the live streaming platform

From Meerkat to Periscope: Does Intellectual Property Law Prohibit the Live Streaming of Commercial Sporting Events?

On February 27, 2015, San Francisco entrepreneur Ben Rubin announced the launch of his live streaming video application, Meerkat. Named after “the cute but carnivorous mongoose native to Africa,” Meerkat allows users to upload video footage from smartphones to the Internet for worldwide, instantaneous viewing. In the weeks following Meerkat’s launch, Twitter unveiled a similar online application, Periscope, which allows users to watch live videos for up to twenty-four hours after their initial broadcast. Twitter’s more recent entry into the live streaming market has enhanced the credibility of this new technology. Furthermore, it has placed live streaming on the radar of major private equity firms. Although the American business community generally characterizes live streaming as a favorable technological development, the use of live streaming technologies to broadcast (or rebroadcast) commercial sporting events is more controversial. According to one sports network analyst, the advent of live streaming could potentially result in a “Napster-type thing” involving mass infringement of sports enterprises’ intellectual property rights. Another sports industry expert cautioned that “[t]his kind of technology is going to have huge [negative] implications for broadcasters like NBC, which has already paid billions for the Olympics.” This Article discusses the potential impact of live streaming on the commercial sports industry and analyzes whether commercial sports enterprises have the legal power to stop live streaming of professional and collegiate sporting events. Part I of this Article explores the history of live streaming commercial sporting events. Part II analyzes whether courts are likely to hold live streamers directly liable for their actions under federal copyright law. Part III discusses whether courts are likely to hold manufacturers of live streaming applications secondarily liable for copyright infringement. Part IV assesses the legality of live streaming under right of publicity law. Part V then analyzes the legality of live streaming under unfair competition doctrines. Finally, Part VI concludes that current federal and state laws adequately address all meaningful public policy concerns related to the live steaming of commercial sporting events