1,084,529 research outputs found
MILD-Net: Minimal Information Loss Dilated Network for Gland Instance Segmentation in Colon Histology Images
The analysis of glandular morphology within colon histopathology images is an
important step in determining the grade of colon cancer. Despite the importance
of this task, manual segmentation is laborious, time-consuming and can suffer
from subjectivity among pathologists. The rise of computational pathology has
led to the development of automated methods for gland segmentation that aim to
overcome the challenges of manual segmentation. However, this task is
non-trivial due to the large variability in glandular appearance and the
difficulty in differentiating between certain glandular and non-glandular
histological structures. Furthermore, a measure of uncertainty is essential for
diagnostic decision making. To address these challenges, we propose a fully
convolutional neural network that counters the loss of information caused by
max-pooling by re-introducing the original image at multiple points within the
network. We also use atrous spatial pyramid pooling with varying dilation rates
for preserving the resolution and multi-level aggregation. To incorporate
uncertainty, we introduce random transformations during test time for an
enhanced segmentation result that simultaneously generates an uncertainty map,
highlighting areas of ambiguity. We show that this map can be used to define a
metric for disregarding predictions with high uncertainty. The proposed network
achieves state-of-the-art performance on the GlaS challenge dataset and on a
second independent colorectal adenocarcinoma dataset. In addition, we perform
gland instance segmentation on whole-slide images from two further datasets to
highlight the generalisability of our method. As an extension, we introduce
MILD-Net+ for simultaneous gland and lumen segmentation, to increase the
diagnostic power of the network.Comment: Initial version published at Medical Imaging with Deep Learning
(MIDL) 201
Online Matrix Completion with Side Information
We give an online algorithm and prove novel mistake and regret bounds for
online binary matrix completion with side information. The mistake bounds we
prove are of the form . The term is
analogous to the usual margin term in SVM (perceptron) bounds. More
specifically, if we assume that there is some factorization of the underlying
matrix into where the rows of are interpreted
as "classifiers" in and the rows of as "instances" in
, then is the maximum (normalized) margin over all
factorizations consistent with the observed matrix. The
quasi-dimension term measures the quality of side information. In the
presence of vacuous side information, . However, if the side
information is predictive of the underlying factorization of the matrix, then
in an ideal case, where is the number of distinct row
factors and is the number of distinct column factors. We additionally
provide a generalization of our algorithm to the inductive setting. In this
setting, we provide an example where the side information is not directly
specified in advance. For this example, the quasi-dimension is now bounded
by
Quantum Correlations in Two-Fermion Systems
We characterize and classify quantum correlations in two-fermion systems
having 2K single-particle states. For pure states we introduce the Slater
decomposition and rank (in analogy to Schmidt decomposition and rank), i.e. we
decompose the state into a combination of elementary Slater determinants formed
by mutually orthogonal single-particle states. Mixed states can be
characterized by their Slater number which is the minimal Slater rank required
to generate them. For K=2 we give a necessary and sufficient condition for a
state to have a Slater number of 1. We introduce a correlation measure for
mixed states which can be evaluated analytically for K=2. For higher K, we
provide a method of constructing and optimizing Slater number witnesses, i.e.
operators that detect Slater number for some states.Comment: 9 pages, some typos corrected and introduction modified, version to
be published in Phys. Rev.
Fast and exact search for the partition with minimal information loss
In analysis of multi-component complex systems, such as neural systems,
identifying groups of units that share similar functionality will aid
understanding of the underlying structures of the system. To find such a
grouping, it is useful to evaluate to what extent the units of the system are
separable. Separability or inseparability can be evaluated by quantifying how
much information would be lost if the system were partitioned into subsystems,
and the interactions between the subsystems were hypothetically removed. A
system of two independent subsystems are completely separable without any loss
of information while a system of strongly interacted subsystems cannot be
separated without a large loss of information. Among all the possible
partitions of a system, the partition that minimizes the loss of information,
called the Minimum Information Partition (MIP), can be considered as the
optimal partition for characterizing the underlying structures of the system.
Although the MIP would reveal novel characteristics of the neural system, an
exhaustive search for the MIP is numerically intractable due to the
combinatorial explosion of possible partitions. Here, we propose a
computationally efficient search to precisely identify the MIP among all
possible partitions by exploiting the submodularity of the measure of
information loss. Mutual information is one such submodular information loss
functions, and is a natural choice for measuring the degree of statistical
dependence between paired sets of random variables. By using mutual information
as a loss function, we show that the search for MIP can be performed in a
practical order of computational time for a reasonably large system. We also
demonstrate that MIP search allows for the detection of underlying global
structures in a network of nonlinear oscillators
Compressing medical images with minimal information loss
This thesis aims to explore the potentialities of neural networks as compression algorithms for medical images. The objective is to develop a compressed image representation suitable for image comparison. In particular we studied different autoencoder architectures, varying the encoding mechanism in order to achieve a high degree of compression while also retaining a meaningful feature space. Our work is focused on mammograms but the methods introduced here can be extrapolated to other types of medical images
Characterization of Vehicle Behavior with Information Theory
This work proposes the use of Information Theory for the characterization of
vehicles behavior through their velocities. Three public data sets were used:
i.Mobile Century data set collected on Highway I-880, near Union City,
California; ii.Borl\"ange GPS data set collected in the Swedish city of
Borl\"ange; and iii.Beijing taxicabs data set collected in Beijing, China,
where each vehicle speed is stored as a time series. The Bandt-Pompe
methodology combined with the Complexity-Entropy plane were used to identify
different regimes and behaviors. The global velocity is compatible with a
correlated noise with f^{-k} Power Spectrum with k >= 0. With this we identify
traffic behaviors as, for instance, random velocities (k aprox. 0) when there
is congestion, and more correlated velocities (k aprox. 3) in the presence of
free traffic flow
Exploring the flavour structure of the MSSM with rare K decays
We present an extensive analysis of rare K decays, in particular of the two
neutrino modes K+->pi+ nu nu-bar and KL->pi0 nu nu-bar, in the Minimal
Supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model. We analyse the expectations for
the branching ratios of these modes, both within the restrictive framework of
the minimal flavour violation hypothesis and within a more general framework
with new sources of flavour-symmetry breaking. In both scenarios, the
information that can be extracted from precise measurements of the two neutrino
modes turn out to be very useful in restricting the parameter space of the
model, even after taking into account the possible information on the mass
spectrum derived from high-energy colliders, and the constraints from B-physics
experiments. In the presence of new sources of flavour-symmetry breaking,
additional significant constraints on the model can be derived also from the
two KL->pi0 l+l- modes.Comment: 22 pages, 10 figures (high quality figures available on request
Minimal and Maximal Operator Spaces and Operator Systems in Entanglement Theory
We examine k-minimal and k-maximal operator spaces and operator systems, and
investigate their relationships with the separability problem in quantum
information theory. We show that the matrix norms that define the k-minimal
operator spaces are equal to a family of norms that have been studied
independently as a tool for detecting k-positive linear maps and bound
entanglement. Similarly, we investigate the k-super minimal and k-super maximal
operator systems that were recently introduced and show that their cones of
positive elements are exactly the cones of k-block positive operators and
(unnormalized) states with Schmidt number no greater than k, respectively. We
characterize a class of norms on the k-super minimal operator systems and show
that the completely bounded versions of these norms provide a criterion for
testing the Schmidt number of a quantum state that generalizes the
recently-developed separability criterion based on trace-contractive maps.Comment: 17 pages, to appear in JF
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