Taarapita - saarlaste suur jumal

Taarapita is a god known to us already from the 13th century Estonian chronicles. In different versions of the chronicle, the name is written differently: Tharapita, Tarapitha, Tharaphitam, etc. - leading to the conclusion that the name Taarapita is the most suitable for use in Estonian. The name has been interpreted as a shout "Taara, help!", or "Taara's flash". Today, Taarapita is often either misinterpreted (e.g. `owl god') or considered a minor god in the Slavic pantheon. Linguistically, it can be proved that Taarapita is not a Slavic loan. For a fact, in the 12th century on Rügen Island there was a monument erected for the great god of the inhabitants of Saaremaa. The ancient Scandinavian god name þórr has a clear consonant at the end, making it rather identical with the German thunder god Donar and thus also clearly not a loan from Baltic-Finnic languages. However, the Turupið in Knytlingasaga is definitely the Estonian Taarapita. Analysing the two parts of the name - taara and pita - while also considering kindred languages results in the interpretation of the name Taarapita as "Taara (is) great " or Taara-great. Taara itself, however, could be a loan from the name of the Scandinavian thunder god þórr

Eesti muuseumide meditsiinilooliste kogude ja esemete väljaselgitamine

Mapping of the Collections of History of Medicinein Estonian MuseumsLeili Kriis, Sirje SisaskUniversity of Tartu MuseumThe work plan of the University of Tartu Museum for the followingyears includes creating a new exposition for the university’s Old AnatomicalTheatre. This made us wonder, what kinds of collections ofhistory of medicine are there in other Estonian museums. A greatopportunity to obtain information opened up with the Ministry ofCulture’s support programme for developing museums that we participatedin with our project “Mapping of the Collections of History ofMedicine in Estonian Museums” from 17 April to 31 December 2013.To obtain data, we designed a questionnaire for the chief treasurersof the museums. Based on the answers we received, the followingoverview was compiled.At the time we conducted the survey, more than half of the materialsof history of medicine in the museum collections had beenentered also into the Estonian Museum Information System MuIS.Keywords related to the topic of medicine have been used. Most ofthe corresponding materials in Estonian museums are connected topharmacies (material objects as well as photographs and archive materials),and furnishings of dental practices (Pärnu Museum, VõruCounty Museum, etc.). Regional museums also contain objects of veterinarymedicine. There are rare items of history of medicine suchas an inoculation knife, cupping lancets, bloodletting devices, a bonesaw, an irritation instrument, healing stones, a homoeopathic pharmacy,and many more. The most noteworthy archive materials areprobably the inoculation materials, mud treatment materials (materialsand manuscripts of Dr Hunnius from Haapsalu, mud treatmenthistory of Saaremaa), and manuscripts by medics (historical overviews).Topics like doping (the Estonian Sports Museum), designingmedical institutions (hospitals, sanatoriums, etc.) (Museum of EstonianArchitecture, Museum of Viljandi), diseases and stress, and howthese are reflected in a person’s creative work (Estonian Theatre andMusic Museum) have also been documented. Most valuable are thestories found in the collections of county museums that tell of medicalinstitutions (hospitals, pharmacies, sanatoriums, leprosariums, etc.)that have operated or are operating in the region and reflect the specificcharacter of the region, as well as the materials of well-known localmedics. Also materials related to alternative and folk medicine. Allthis enriches the general picture of the Estonian history of medicine.Our working group reached the conclusion that the contents ofthe MuIS dictionary should be structured in a better manner andsupplemented with topics that are reflected in specific museum collections(alternative medicine, nutrition, environment, etc.). Imagesof museum objects are also important data carriers in the database.Rare historical documents deserve to be digitised as soon as possiblesince they tend to become fragile with time. Regional museumsshould also find room for materials related to the history and doctorsof local medical institutions

Trass, Hans. Isikuarhiiv

117 säilikuthttp://www.ester.ee/record=b4477673*es

Matthias Johann Eisen mõistatuste kogumise organiseerija ja publitseerijana aastatel 1869-1890

Matthias Johann Eisen (1857-1934), the grand old man of folklore collecting in Estonia, published five books. While compiling the first of these, named Eesti rahva mõistatused [The Riddles of Estonian Folk] (1890), during the years 1887-1888, M. J. Eisen organised an interesting collection campaign, which the present article explores in more detail. By the year 1887 M. J. Eisen had come through two principally different periods in his interest in riddles - as a schoolboy he became acquainted with authentic folk repertoire that he recorded in manuscripts; and since 1876 he published his and his friends' self-made riddles in print. While collecting riddles during the period 1887-1888 (in total for 16 months), M. J. Eisen resorted to locals, as had been previously done in Estonia. In the lofty style characteristic of the contemporary time he communicated with contributors through the press by publishing two appeals and in total 16 reports on the progress of the collection campaign, where he gave the names of the contributors who had sent riddles, estimated the amount of the material, highlighted parishes where the collection work had been the most successful and encouraged people to write the riddles down . Altogether 67 contributors from 45 parishes participated in the collection campaign, and sent 5647 riddles in 78 postings. One letter contained 72 entries on average, more substantial ones had as much as 300. The riddles are written down in literary language, although a few dialect forms or words are present; for some unknown words an explanation is given. Collected manuscripts are stored in the Estonian Folklore Archives in a 495-page quarto-format volume of SKS, Eisen. Cover letters of the contributors provide valuable information about people from whom the riddles were collected, estimations to what extent riddles are still known in oral tradition (`a genre in decay'), etc. The most active contributors were schoolteachers (in total 20) and farmers (7); some have later become well-known figures in Estonian cultural history. The material sent to M. J. Eisen was relatively authentic; however, 10,6% (ca 600 texts) have been copied from printed sources or regarded later as self-made creation; this amounts to remarkably less than the total average of riddle collections (33%). On the basis of the riddles collected in 1887-1888, M. J. Eisen compiled Eesti rahva mõistatused that contained 1770 riddles and 10 riddle songs. Together with the improved edition in 1913, it remained the most comprehensive publication of Estonian riddles until recently an academic publication Eesti mõistatused [Estonian Riddles] (2001-2002) was published. M. J. Eisen's book was introduced to the international audience by Andres Dido, a literary scholar working in Paris, who in 1894 published under the heading Devinettes Estiniennes a short summary based on the book's foreword and French translations of 50 riddles in the journal Revue des traditions populaires. In evaluating M. J. Eisen's contribution, one should take into consideration that folklore collection (with the help of locals) was only as a sideline to his regular profession and complicated personal life during this period. The goal he had set to himself - to publish a collection of Estonian riddles that would at least equal in size to E. Lönnrot's Suomen Kansan Arvoituksia ynnä 135 Viron Arvoituksen kanssa [Finnish Folk Riddles with 135 Estonian Riddles] (Helsinki, 1844) - he fulfilled. The presently discussed collection campaign was an actual start to Eisen's later collection work; everything preceding appears random and marginal

Henzi, Rudolf. Isikuarhiiv

9 säilikutI Käsikirjad, s.1-5. II Kirjavahetus, s.6-9http://www.ester.ee/record=b3613446*es

Wahl, Eduard von. Isikuarhiiv

27 säilikutI E. von Wahli käsikirjad, s.1-24. II E. von Wahli kirjavahetus. Ajalehelõigend, s.25-27http://www.ester.ee/record=b3563379*es

Sada aastat eestikeelset teaduslikku meditsiiniajakirja

Eesti Arst 2022; 101(9):517–52

Varep, Endel. Isikuarhiiv

https://www.ester.ee/record=b5558506*es