Design, Characterization And Analysis Of Electrostatic Discharge (esd) Protection Solutions In Emerging And Modern Technologies

Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) is a significant hazard to electronic components and systems. Based on a specific processing technology, a given circuit application requires a customized ESD consideration that includes the devices’ operating voltage, leakage current, breakdown constraints, and footprint. As new technology nodes mature every 3-5 years, design of effective ESD protection solutions has become more and more challenging due to the narrowed design window, elevated electric field and current density, as well as new failure mechanisms that are not well understood. The endeavor of this research is to develop novel, effective and robust ESD protection solutions for both emerging technologies and modern complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technologies. The Si nanowire field-effect transistors are projected by the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors as promising next-generation CMOS devices due to their superior DC and RF performances, as well as ease of fabrication in existing Silicon processing. Aiming at proposing ESD protection solutions for nanowire based circuits, the dimension parameters, fabrication process, and layout dependency of such devices under Human Body Mode (HBM) ESD stresses are studied experimentally in company with failure analysis revealing the failure mechanism induced by ESD. The findings, including design methodologies, failure mechanism, and technology comparisons should provide practical knowhow of the development of ESD protection schemes for the nanowire based integrated circuits. Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) are the basic elements for the emerging flexible, printable, large-area, and low-cost organic electronic circuits. Although there are plentiful studies focusing on the DC stress induced reliability degradation, the operation mechanism of OTFTs iv subject to ESD is not yet available in the literature and are urgently needed before the organic technology can be pushed into consumer market. In this work, the ESD operation mechanism of OTFT depending on gate biasing condition and dimension parameters are investigated by extensive characterization and thorough evaluation. The device degradation evolution and failure mechanism under ESD are also investigated by specially designed experiments. In addition to the exploration of ESD protection solutions in emerging technologies, efforts have also been placed in the design and analysis of a major ESD protection device, diodetriggered-silicon-controlled-rectifier (DTSCR), in modern CMOS technology (90nm bulk). On the one hand, a new type DTSCR having bi-directional conduction capability, optimized design window, high HBM robustness and low parasitic capacitance are developed utilizing the combination of a bi-directional silicon-controlled-rectifier and bi-directional diode strings. On the other hand, the HBM and Charged Device Mode (CDM) ESD robustness of DTSCRs using four typical layout topologies are compared and analyzed in terms of trigger voltage, holding voltage, failure current density, turn-on time, and overshoot voltage. The advantages and drawbacks of each layout are summarized and those offering the best overall performance are suggested at the en

VEHICLE COMPARTMENTS ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROI SYSTEM USING SOLAR POWERED THERMOELECTRICS

The report was written to briefly introduce the Final Year Project entitled 'Vehicle Compartments Environmental Control System using solar Powered Thermoelectric'. The project will cover the research on thermoelectric and followed by a fully functioning prototype of a thermoelectric temperature regulator with test data. This project embarks on studying the feasibility of using thermoelectric to regulate the temperature inside the vehicle compartments

Health Protection in NSW

Health protection involves the prevention and control of threats to health from both communicable diseases and the environment. I conducted a variety of projects across the breadth of Health Protection within NSW Health between March 2016 and October 2017 to fulfil the requirements of the Masters of Philosophy in Applied Epidemiology (MAE). My first placement was within the Enteric and Zoonotic Diseases division of the Communicable Disease Branch. A large outbreak of Salmonella Saintpaul occurred in Australia between December 2015 and June 2016 with a total of 547 confirmed and probable cases notified. When I commenced in March 2016 this outbreak had been underway since December 2015 with no clear vehicle of infection identified. I conducted a case-control study including 72 confirmed cases and 144 controls from SA and NSW which identified that Mung bean sprout consumption was reported by 40.6% (28/69) of cases and 4.3% (6/140) of controls (OR 14.6, 95% CI 5.9-39.4). This outbreak led to a recall of mung bean sprouts from an implicated sprouter in South Australia and public messaging about the safe preparation and consumption of bean sprouts. In July 2016 six states and territories of Australia were affected by a large outbreak of Salmonella Hvittingfoss with 144 confirmed and suspected cases notified. I led a coordinated multi-jurisdictional investigation to identify the source of infection and control the outbreak, including conducting a case-control study. The epidemiological, microbiological and environmental investigation implicated consumption of rockmelon (OR 7.2, 95%CI 1.87-27.93) from a single producer as a significant risk for infection. The producer initiated a voluntary recall of the product. My second placement was in the Environmental Health Branch of Health Protection. I completed a review of the epidemiology of notifications in NSW to provide a snapshot of elevated blood lead levels in NSW and to inform an evaluation of the NSW elevated blood lead surveillance system. There were 9,486 notifications of elevated blood lead from 1997–2016, with an average annual notification rate of 6.9 per 100,000. I analysed notification data for by age, sex, geographic area, exposure and occupation and compared notification rates over time and between geographic regions. I identified several limitations with the dataset that made it difficult to analyse notification rates, particularly by risk and exposure history and by blood lead level, and made recommendations to improve the data collection system. I also collected qualitative data about the function of the blood lead surveillance system by conducting face-to-face interviews with key stakeholders throughout NSW. Key areas for improvement in the system included changes to the way data is entered into the surveillance system, greater guidance for public health units on following up notifications, a review of the information collected on exposure, and guidance regarding liaising with occupational health regulatory agencies to ensure follow-up of occupational notifications. Through completing these projects, I made valuable contributions to protecting the health of NSW residents

Cost effective technology applied to domotics and smart home energy management systems

Premio extraordinario de Trabajo Fin de Máster curso 2019/2020. Máster en Energías Renovables DistribuidasIn this document is presented the state of art for domotics cost effective technologies available on market nowadays, and how to apply them in Smart Home Energy Management Systems (SHEMS) allowing peaks shaving, renewable management and home appliance controls, always in cost effective context in order to be massively applied. Additionally, beyond of SHEMS context, it will be also analysed how to apply this technology in order to increase homes energy efficiency and monitoring of home appliances. Energy management is one of the milestones for distributed renewable energy spread; since renewable energy sources are not time-schedulable, are required control systems capable of the management for exchanging energy between conventional sources (power grid), renewable sources and energy storage sources. With the proposed approach, there is a first block dedicated to show an overview of Smart Home Energy Management Systems (SMHEMS) classical architecture and functional modules of SHEMS; next step is to analyse principles which has allowed some devices to become a cost-effective technology. Once the technology has been analysed, it will be reviewed some specific resources (hardware and software) available on marked for allowing low cost SHEMS. Knowing the “tools” available; it will be shown how to adapt classical SHEMS to cost effective technology. Such way, this document will show some specific applications of SHEMS. Firstly, in a general point of view, comparing the proposed low-cost technology with one of the main existing commercial proposals; and secondly, developing the solution for a specific real case.En este documento se aborda el estado actual de la domótica de bajo coste disponible en el mercado actualmente y cómo aplicarlo en los sistemas inteligentes de gestión energética en la vivienda (SHEMS) permitiendo el recorte de las puntas de demanda, gestión de energías renovables y control de electrodomésticos, siempre en el contexto del bajo coste, con el objetivo de lograr la máxima difusión de los SHEMS. Adicionalmente, más allá del contexto de la tecnología SHEMS, se analizará cómo aplicar esta tecnología para aumentar la eficiencia energética de los hogares y para la supervisión de los electrodomésticos. La gestión energética es uno de los factores principales para lograr la difusión de las energías renovables distribuidas; debido a que las fuentes de energía renovable no pueden ser planificadas, se requieren sistemas de control capaces de gestionar el intercambio de energía entre las fuentes convencionales (red eléctrica de distribución), energías renovables y dispositivos de almacenamiento energético. Bajo esta perspectiva, este documento presenta un primer bloque en el que se exponen las bases de la arquitectura y módulos funcionales de los sistemas inteligentes de gestión energética en la vivienda (SHEMS); el siguiente paso será analizar los principios que han permitido a ciertos dispositivos convertirse en dispositivos de bajo coste. Una vez analizada la tecnología, nos centraremos en los recursos (hardware y software) existentes que permitirán la realización de un SHEMS a bajo coste. Conocidas las “herramientas” a nuestra disposición, se mostrará como adaptar un esquema SHEMS clásico a la tecnología de bajo coste. Primeramente, comparando de modo genérico la tecnología de bajo coste con una de las principales propuestas comerciales de SHEMS, para seguidamente desarrollar la solución de bajo coste a un caso específico real

VEHICLE COMPARTMENTS ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROI SYSTEM USING SOLAR POWERED THERMOELECTRICS

The report was written to briefly introduce the Final Year Project entitled 'Vehicle Compartments Environmental Control System using solar Powered Thermoelectric'. The project will cover the research on thermoelectric and followed by a fully functioning prototype of a thermoelectric temperature regulator with test data. This project embarks on studying the feasibility of using thermoelectric to regulate the temperature inside the vehicle compartments

Analyse de la variabilité de la forme du corps humain à partir de données anthropométriques tridimensionnelles

Les informations concernant la forme du corps humain sont fondamentales pour divers secteurs, notamment la conception de vêtements, d'automobiles et d'espaces de travail. Ceci justifie le rôle de l'anthropométrie qui est définie comme étant l'étude de mesures effectuées sur le corps humain. Traditionnellement les données anthropométriques manquent d'information sur la forme du corps humain et sont fastidieuses à prendre. Les systèmes denumérisation de surface permettent de surmonter ces problèmes en générant des modèles 3D de corps humain à haute résolution en une dizaine de secondes. Ces systèmes ont révolutionné le domaine de l'anthropométrie et favorisé la tenue de projets de numérisation de corps humain tel que le projet CAESAR. Pour rendre les modèles 3D de corps humain utiles pour les concepteurs dans divers secteurs, il est essentiel de convertir le grand nombre de points de surface numérisés en une quantification compacte de la forme humaine. Les travaux publiés dans ce contexte font appel à des points de repère anatomiques pour développer une telle description. Une localisation efficace des points de repère sur les modèles 3D nécessite leur marquage sur le corps humain préalablement à la numérisation. Ce procédé sera éventuellement éliminé des futurs projets de numérisation à cause de sa lenteur. Dans cette thèse on propose une méthode pour analyser la variabilité de la forme du corps humain au sein d'une population ciblée sans utilisation de points de repère anatomiques. Nous proposons d'abord un algorithme de fermeture des trous des modèles 3D. Ces troussont principalement dus à l'occlusion de certaines parties du corps humain au cours dela numérisation. Ensuite nous avons développé une quantification compacte de la forme humaine par application de l'analyse en composantes principales (ACP) sur une représentation volumétrique des modèles 3D d'une population donnée. La représentation volumétrique fournie une correspondance entre les différents modèles sans recours aux points de repère. L'ACP permet d'extraire un nombre réduit de composantes principales qui forment une base orthonormale de l'espace de forme du corps humain. Chaque modèle 3D peut être décrit et reconstruit à partir des coefficients de sa projection sur cette base. Les composantes extraites représentent les principaux modes de variation de la forme humaine dans l'ensemble des modèles 3D étudié. Enfin, nous proposons un outil pour visualiser ces modes afin de comprendre la variation de forme qu'ils induisent