Food partitioning and diet temporal variation in two coexisting sparids, Pagellus erythrinus and Pagellus acarne

22 pages, 4 figures, 4 tablesResource partitioning in two congeneric sparids, pandora Pagellus erythrinus and axillary seabream Pagellus acarne, was investigated using stomach content analysis integrated with data on stable isotopes (δ15N and δ13C). The study was carried out on coastal muddy bottoms in the Gulf of Castellammare (southern Tyrrhenian Sea, western Mediterranean Sea) in seasons (autumn, November 2004; winter, March 2005; spring, early June 2005), at depths between 50 and 100 m. Stomach content analysis suggested low trophic niche overlap between the two species. Pagellus erythrinus mainly preyed on strictly benthic organisms (polychaetes, brachyuran crabs and benthic crustaceans). Although it consumed benthic prey, P. acarne preferred suprabenthic prey such as peracarid crustaceans from the benthic boundary layer a few metres above the bottom. The two species showed different isotopic values, with P. erythrinus exhibiting higher δ15N and more enriched δ13C than P. acarne, in accordance with its marked benthic behaviour and high predation on carnivore polychaetes. Significant temporal variability in both diet and isotopic values caused trophic differences between the two species. The autumn and winter diet differed from the spring diet and the trophic levels of both species increased from autumn and winter to spring, in accordance with variations in food availability and changes in prey δ15N and δ13C. These temporal variations may be linked to an increase in energy requirements for reproduction, together with the differing availability of preferred prey throughout the year. Significantly, lower δ13C was recorded in fishes collected in winter (March), suggesting the influence of river inputs as a source of particulate organic matter in this zone after the flooding season. In conclusion, these sympatric congeneric fish species displayed clear food partitioning throughout the temporal scale analysedSamples from the Gulf of Castellammare analysed in this study were collected with the permission of the Italian Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (Project No. 6A84/2003). The authors wish to thank all the participants in field work and all the staff at CNR-IAMC of Castellammare del Golfo, particularly C. Romano, who helped with polychaete identification. Special thanks to S. Vizzini (Univ. of Palermo-IT) for help with isotope analysis and to H. Main for revising the EnglishPeer reviewe