A survey on bacteria inhabiting the sea surface microlayer of coastal ecosystems

12 páginas, 5 tablas, 4 figurasBacterial populations inhabiting the sea surface microlayer from two contrasted Mediterranean coastal stations (polluted vs. oligotrophic) were examined by culturing and genetic fingerprinting methods and were compared with those of underlying waters (50 cm depth), for a period of two years. More than 30 samples were examined and 487 strains were isolated and screened. Proteobacteria were consistently more abundant in the collection from the pristine environment whereas Gram-positive bacteria (i.e., Actinobacteria and Firmicutes) were more abundant in the polluted site. Cythophaga-Flavobacter–Bacteroides (CFB) ranged from 8% to 16% of total strains. Overall, 22.5% of the strains showed a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity only at the genus level with previously reported bacterial species and around 10.5% of the strains showed similarities in 16S rRNA sequence below 93% with reported species. The CFB group contained the highest proportion of unknown species, but these also included Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria. Such low similarity values showed that we were able to culture new marine genera and possibly new families, indicating that the sea-surface layer is a poorly understood microbial environment and may represent a natural source of new microorganisms. Genetic fingerprinting showed, however, no consistent differences between the predominant bacterial assemblages from surface microlayer and underlying waters, suggesting that the presence of a stable and abundant neustonic bacterial community is not a common trait of coastal marine environments.This work was supported by the European Commission (Research Directorate General-Environment Program-Marine Ecosystems) through the AIRWIN project ‘‘Structure and role of biological communities involved in the transport and transformation of persistent pollutants at the marine AIR–Water Interface’’ (contract EVK3-CT2000-00030). The AIRWIN project is part of the EC IMPACTS cluster. During the final stage of this work EOC was supported by the Programa Ramo´n y Cajal from the Spanish MCYT.Peer reviewe