Jupiter radiation belt engineering model

On the basis of earth observations of the HF and UHF radio emission generated near Jupiter, the presence of energetic charged particles trapped in the planet's dipole magnetic field has been inferred. For electrons, energies of the order of 10 MeV and peak fluxes of the order of 10 to the 7th power per square centimeter per second can be derived from the data for equatorial regions about two planetary radii from the dipole. Energetic protons and lower-energy electrons and protons are also expected, but the limited data require that their fluxes be based on theory or earth analogy. Because descriptions available in the literature suggest large associated uncertainties, both nominal and limiting models for the charged-particle populations of Jupiter's belts are derived. These new engineering models describe electron and proton fluxes and their distributions in energy and position in forms suitable as space vehicle design criteria

Characterizing the permanence and stationary distribution for a family of malaria stochastic models

Presented at Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference (BAMM) According to WHO estimates released in December 2016, about 212 million cases of malaria occurred in 2015 resulting in about 429 thousand deaths. The highest mortality rates were recorded for sub-Saharan African countries, where nearly 90% of the global malaria cases occurred, and approximately 75% of the global malaria deaths. Several studies suggest the existence of temporal and spatial variations in malaria transmission rates, where climatic drivers such as temperature, rainfall, and vegetation indices etc. are culprits for the observed variability. This talk presents the stochastic permanence of malaria and the existence of a stationary distribution for a malaria SEIRS system of stochastic differential equation model. Malaria spreads in a very noisy environment with variability of white noise type in the disease transmission and death rates. A general nonlinear incidence rate defines a family for the malaria models. The mosquito and human dynamics are presented. Improved analytical techniques and local martingale characterizations are applied to describe the character of the sample paths of the solution process of the system in the neighborhood of an endemic equilibrium. Emphasis is laid on examination of the impacts of the noises in the system on the stochastic permanence of malaria, and on the existence of a stationary distribution for the solution process over sufficiently long time. The model is applied to P. vivax malaria, and attempt is made to numerically approximate the stationary distribution, and the statistical properties of the states of the solution process over sufficiently ling time

Jupiter radiation belt models (July 1974)

Flux profiles which were derived from data returned by Pioneer 10 during Jupiter encounter, form the basis for a new set of numerical models for the energy spectra of electrons and protons in Jupiter's inner magnetosphere

Focus on Mainland Tanzania:(Progress & Impact Series)

Tanzania's National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) has provided strong, stable leadership in coordinating malaria control activities since 1995. Because of continuity and focus on programme implementation, both the number of partners and resources have been growing, most notably over the last seven years. Between 2003 and 2010, about US$ 450 million in external funding was allocated to scale up the malaria control programme. These increasing contributions have been used to deliver preventive and curative services. 18 562 571 insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) were distributed between 2007 and 2010 through mass campaigns and the national voucher scheme. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) began in 2007 and had expanded to cover 94% of the targeted structures in 18 districts by March 2011.Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and artemisininbased combination therapies (ACTs) have been deployed to reach half of the population so far, and health workers have been trained in using them. Efforts have also been made to make these new treatments available in the private sector, where up to 40% of the rural population seek care for fever. This deployment of interventions has resulted in improved coverage. 63% of households owned at least one ITN in 2010, compared with 23% in 2004–2005. 64% of all children under five and 56% of all pregnant women nationwide used an ITN the night before the 2010 survey—a more than twofold increase since 2007. In addition, between 2001 and 2006, Tanzania changed its recommended antimalarial drug from chloroquine to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) to ACTs, thereby providing access to more effective antimalarials. Because of good coverage results, the Tanzanian government has been able to reduce disease burden and save lives. In the Ifakara surveillance area, the prevalence of parasitaemia in children under five was reduced by more than 5-fold, from 25% in 2004–2005 to less than 5% in 2010. Nationally, severe childhood anaemia was halved, dropping from 11% in 2004–2005 to 5.5% in 2010. All-cause under-five child mortality fell by 45% between 1999 and 2010—from 148 deaths per 1000 live births in 1999 to 81 per 1000 live births in 2010. According to the Lives Saved Tool (LiST estimation model), the lives of 63 000 children under five have been saved by malaria control interventions since 1999. Tanzania's improved malaria and health indicators are all signs that malaria control efforts are working and delivering results. Consideration of other factors that might explain the declines in all-cause under-five mortality leads to the conclusion that the improvement in child health is due in large part to malaria control efforts. The country is also achieving equitable impact on major mortality and malaria coverage indicators. With demonstrated ability to deliver and achieve impact on child survival, Tanzania has articulated even more ambitious malaria control goals: universal ITN coverage, IRS in half of the country, and enhanced diagnosis and ACT treatment of all malaria cases. This will require increased funding and a strengthened health infrastructure. If challenges of resource mobilization, boosting the work force, and strengthening the health system can be met, Tanzania will have paved the way towards unprecedented public health achievements and protection of its population against a major scourge.\u

The Many Problems of Special Divine Action

Special divine action is an integral part of the Christian worldview. In fact, the plausibility of the Christian worldview depends on and is grounded in the putative reality, and therefore possibility, of special divine action. Without special divine action, Scripture does not make sense, and without Scripture, Christianity neither. However, the possibility of special divine action is highly contested in almost every field of human enquiry. In what follows, I briefly suggest a minimal definition of special divine action and show its indispensability for the internal plausibility of Christian faith. I then argue against the very possibility of special divine action. I end by way of identifying ways in which Christian theologians can respond to the arguments in order to justify the possibility of special divine action. It turns out that special divine action neither contradicts science nor metaphysics

Divine Activity

The paper discusses basic models of divine action and intervention. However, the most part of the article is dedicated to the question whether or not there are theistic reasons to stick to some sort of non-interventionism. Therefore, Schleiermacher’s argument is put under scrutiny and presented in a way that could substantiate some version of non-interventionism. Additionally, the paper explores an argument in favor of non-interventionism coming from a specific notion of divine aseity and self-sufficiency. Ultimately the paper votes for a broader notion of the God-world-relationship alluding to the idea of the world being God’s body

Divine Love and the Argument from Divine Hiddenness

This paper criticizes one of the premises of Schellenberg’s atheistic argument from divine hiddenness. This premise, which can be considered as the foundation of his proposed argument, is based on a specific interpretation of divine love as eros. In this paper I first categorize several concepts of divine love under two main categories, eros and agape; I then answer some main objections to the ascription of eros to God; and in the last part I show that neither on a reading of divine love as agape nor as eros can Schellenberg’s argument be construed as sound. My aim is to show that even if -- contra Nygren for example -- we accept that divine love can be interpreted as eros, Schellenberg’s argument still doesn’t work