The Conceptual Perspective of the Subjective Norms Determinant of the Investors Decision-Making Behavior

Investors decision-making Behaviour defined as how the investors judge, predict, analyses and review the procedures for decision making, which includes investment psychology, information gathering, defining and understanding, research and analysis. In Investors Decision-making Behaviour, the Subjective Norms plays a crucial effect. Misunderstood personal characteristics within Investors Decision-making Behaviour may generate unrealistic or inaccurate outcomes. Unfortunately, the effect of personal context is nearly ignored in c literature. this paper argues on the interaction between the influence of Subjective Norms, so as to explain Investors Decision-making Behaviour. This proposition could improve understanding the Investors Decision-making Behaviour and help to resolve inconsistency of findings in the literature.Keywords: Investors decision-making Behaviour; Subjective Norms; Palestine stock market

Financial Literacy and Behavioral Finance: Conceptual Foundations and Research Issues

financial literacy, defined as knowledge and numeracy, Investors decision-making Behaviour defined as how the investors judge, predict, analyses and review the procedures for decision making, which includes investment psychology, information gathering, defining and understanding, research and analysis. In Investors Decision-making Behaviour, the financial literacy plays a crucial effect. Misunderstood personal characteristics within Investors Decision-making Behaviour may generate unrealistic or inaccurate outcomes. Unfortunately, the effect of personal context is nearly ignored in c literature. this paper argues on the interaction between the influence of financial literacy, so as to explain Investors Decision-making Behaviour. This proposition could improve understanding the Investors Decision-making Behaviour and help to resolve inconsistency of findings in the literature. Keywords: financial literacy; Behavioural Finance; Investors decision-making Behaviour; financial literacy; Palestine stock market

Ecological cognition : expert decision-making behaviour in sport

Expert decision-making can be directly assessed, if sport action is understood as an expression of embedded and embodied cognition. Here, we discuss evidence for this claim, starting with a critical review of research literature on the perceptual-cognitive basis for expertise. In reviewing how performance and underlying processes are conceived and captured in extant sport psychology, we evaluate arguments in favour of a key role for actions in decision-making, situated in a performance environment. Key assumptions of an ecological dynamics perspective are also presented, highlighting how behaviours emerge from the continuous interactions in the performer-environment system. Perception is of affordances; and action, as an expression of cognition, is the realization of an affordance and emerges under constraints. We also discuss the role of knowledge and consciousness in decision-making behaviour. Finally, we elaborate on the specificities of investigating and understanding decision-making in sport from this perspective. Specifically, decision-making concerns the choice of action modes when perceiving an affordance during a course of action, as well as the selection of a particular affordance, amongst many that exist in a landscape in a sport performance environment. We conclude by pointing to some applications for the practice of sport psychology and coaching and identifying avenues for future research

Discovering small business strategic marketing decision making behaviour

The current knowledge about how small businesses make their strategic marketing decisions is inadequate to assist interventionists and advisors to the sector to gain improved acceptance of changes which may produce better strategic marketing decision outcomes. This paper further contributes to our understanding of strategic decision-making practice in small businesses by conducting a survey of small businesses using a structured questionnaire based upon an established research framework

Opportunistic behaviour by private irrigators within a capacity-sharing regime

The concept of capacity-sharing (as a specific type of demand-orientated water management strategy) is a relatively newcomer on the South African water management regime and much debate is currently under way regarding the viability of the concept for the South African context. One of the main features is that it decentralises and integrates water management to a much greater degree than state-dominated management regimes. However, as the concept of capacity-sharing allows a greater degree of decision-making autonomy to the private decision-maker, the question could be asked to what extent the management of a capacity-sharing regime would be exposed to opportunistic behaviour from private irrigators. If it is heavily exposed, there are considerable scope for opportunistic decision-making behaviour under private decision-makers and therefore problems of moral hazard / adverse selection and rent seeking could present itself. Therefore, the question arises what safety features do capacity sharing present to confine possible opportunistic decision-making practices. This article discusses two areas within a capacity-sharing regime that are likely to be exposed to opportunistic decision-making behaviour. Possible safety-features from capacity sharing to account for this type of behaviour are identified and discussed briefly. This article concludes with the notion that capacity sharing does feature some properties that could minimise opportunistic behaviour from private decision-makers.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Using a situation awareness approach to determine decision-making behaviour in squash

Situation awareness (SA) refers to the awareness of all relevant sources of information, an ability to synthesise this information using domain knowledge gained from past experiences and the ability to physically respond to a situation. Expert-novice differences have been widely reported in decision-making in complex situations although determining the small differences in expert behaviour are more elusive. This study considered how expert squash players use SA to decide on what shot to play. Matches at the 2010 (n = 14) and 2011 (n = 27) Rowe British Grand Prix were recorded and processed using Tracker software. Shot type, ball location, players' positions on court and movement parameters between the time an opponent played a shot prior to the player's shot to the time of the opponent's following shot were captured 25 times per second. Six SA clusters were named to relate to the outcome of a shot ranging from a defensive shot played under pressure to create time to an attempted winner played under no pressure with the opponent out of position. This new methodology found fine-grained SA differences in expert behaviour, even for the same shot type played from the same court area, beyond the usual expert-novice differences

Psycho-social Factors as Correlates of Weather Forecast Decision Making Behaviour among Farmers in Andhra Pradesh.

Not AvailableThe purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between decision making behaviour of farmers with their different demographic and psychosocial variables taking into cognizance the information regarding weather forecasts. Decision making with respect to agricultural weather forecasting in the present study is the process of choosing the best alternative for the purpose of attaining specific goals involving the resources, environment, economic and personal characteristics of a farmer. Decisions imply the production decisions taken by farmers taking into cognizance the existing weather and information regarding future weather. The study was carried out in Ananthapur, Rangareddy and Visakhapatnam districts of Andhra Pradesh state with a sample of 180 farmers as respondents. A draft interview schedule with scales, tests etc. for measuring the variables of the study was first developed and pre-tested before data collection. The psychosocial variables (independent variables) numbering 16 were identified as likely predictors of decision making behaviour (dependent variable) of farmers. Correlation and multiple linear regressions were employed to analyze and interpret the data. Regression analysis showed that extension contact, farm size, weather knowledge, innovativeness, achievement orientation and risk orientation contributed positively and significantly towards decision making behaviour. The relative importance of these factors reflects both internal environment and external social relations of farmers that pave way for collective nature of decision making attitude. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for future development of decision-support systems and technology transfer activities to farmers for better adoption of weather forecasts.Not Availabl

Reviewing the decision-making behaviour of Irrigators

The contribution of agriculture to society is undeniable, as is its impact on the environment. Irrigators' decisions to follow best management practices or implement a policy change, to accept a technology, or even to exit farming, all affect society. Hence the decision‐making behavior of irrigators is of interest to politicians, policymakers, and researchers due to their impact on resource use and social concerns for their welfare. There are numerous studies available regarding the decision‐making behavior of irrigators. Most of them concentrate on decisions within a single time frame, single decisions with multiple driving forces, or multiple decisions with a single driving force. We have conducted a comprehensive review of the existing literature related to irrigators' decision‐making behavior. We used a systematic method to identify relevant publications and used qualitative data analysis (content analysis) to analyze trends and/or patterns across the selected articles. This research provided a typology and an overarching high‐level framework of irrigators' decision‐making process irrespective of the types of decisions made. The results of the study demonstrate that it is highly beneficial to integrate both qualitative and quantitative methods in a single study to get a complete picture of irrigators' decision‐making process. This allows us to ensure that we have captured the relevant drivers of decision‐making in highly dynamic and complex environments. Better knowledge of irrigators' decision‐making process allows regulators to shape improved agricultural policy and increase acceptance by irrigators of technologies that allow water managers to allocate resources fairly among different stakeholders.Lubna Meempatta, A. James Webb, Avril C. Horne, Louise Anne Keogh, Adam Loch, Michael J. Stewardso

What explains the investment decision-making behaviour? The role of financial literacy and financial risk tolerance

Investment decision-making behaviour has a significant role in the financial growth of individual investors. This study investigates the impact of financial literacy on investment decision-making behaviour by taking mediating role of financial risk tolerance. The study employed quantitative research design and multi-stage random and convenience sampling. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data from 384 registered individual investors of Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test the relationships between the constructs. Results showed positive and significant impact of financial literacy on investment decision-making behaviour and financial risk tolerance among individual equity investors. Similarly, financial risk tolerance mediated the relationship between financial literacy and investment decision-making behaviour. The study suggests measures to policy makers for improving financial literacy among individual investors. It also proposes significant functional insights for stockbrokers, investment advisors, and financial managers through examining the investment decision-making behaviour of individual equity investors. This study serves as a guideline for academia to further develop/improve the financial literacy of future investors