I Knew There Was Something Wrong with That Paper : Scientific Rhetorical Styles and Scientific Misunderstandings

This selection unpacks scientific prose and claim substantiation for Nobel Prize winner, Stan Prusiner, in the transmissible spongiform encephlopathies field (i.e., mad cow disease). Applying linguistic strategies such as M. A. K. Halliday\u27s favorite clause type, the author examines argumentative strategies in dense scientific prose both in bold and cautious rhetorical styles and invented lexical changes in new scientific development

EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA); Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to ♀EFAX™ and reduction of menstrual discomfort pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006

Following an application from Nutrilinks Sarl submitted for authorisation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 via the Competent Authority of Cyprus, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the scientific substantiation of a health claim related to ♀EFAX™ and reduction of menstrual discomfort. The food, ♀EFAX™, which is standardised pure krill oil and is the subject of the health claim, is sufficiently characterised. The claimed effect, reduction of menstrual discomfort, is a beneficial physiological effect. No human intervention studies from which conclusions could be drawn for the scientific substantiation of the claim were provided by the applicant. A cause and effect relationship has not been established between the consumption of ♀EFAX™ and reduction of menstrual discomfort

NWT-02, a fixed combination of lutein, zeaxanthin and docosahexaenoic acid in egg yolk and reduction of the loss of vision:evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006

Following an application from Newtricious R&amp;D B.V., submitted for authorisation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 via the Competent Authority of the Netherlands, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the scientific substantiation of a health claim related to NWT-02 and a reduction of the loss of vision. The food proposed by the applicant as the subject of the health claim is NWT-02. NWT-02 is standardised by its content in lutein (≥ 1.10 mg), zeaxanthin (≥ 0.20 mg) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (≥ 170 mg). The Panel considers that the food/constituent that is the subject of the health claim, NWT-02, a fixed combination of lutein, zeaxanthin and docosahexaenoic acid in egg yolk, is sufficiently characterised. The claimed effect proposed by the applicant is ‘reduces loss of vision’. The target population proposed by the applicant is ‘healthy adults over 50 years of age’. The Panel considers that a reduction of the loss of vision is a beneficial physiological effect. The applicant provided two human intervention studies for the scientific substantiation of the claim. The Panel considers that the only study from which conclusions can be drawn for the scientific substantiation of the claim did not show an effect of NWT-02 on vision. The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has not been established between the consumption of NWT-02, a fixed combination of lutein, zeaxanthin and docosahexaenoic acid in egg yolk, and a reduction of the loss of vision.</p

EFSA NDA Panel ( EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies), 2013. Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to Bimuno ® GOS and reducing gastro - intestinal discomfort pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006

Following an application from Clasado Limited, submitted for authorisation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 via the Competent Authority of Malta, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the scientific substantiation of a health claim related to Bimuno® GOS and reducing gastro-intestinal discomfort. The food constituent, Bimuno® GOS, a mixture of β-galacto-oligosaccharides, which is the subject of the health claim, is sufficiently characterised. The claimed effect proposed by the applicant is “reduce bloating, flatulence and abdominal pain. These effects can be described collectively as abdominal discomfort” and the target population proposed by the applicant is the general adult population. Reducing gastro-intestinal discomfort is a beneficial physiological effect. A health claim on Bimuno® GOS and reducing gastro-intestinal discomfort has already been assessed by the Panel with an unfavourable outcome. The supplementary information submitted by the applicant in this application did not provide evidence that could be used for the scientific substantiation of this claim

Joselito® and lowering of LDL-cholesterol concentration, blood pressure, and reduction of coronary heart disease risk: Evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006

Following an application from C &amp; aacute;rnicas Joselito S.A. pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 via the Competent Authority of Spain, the Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the scientific substantiation of a health claim related to 'Joselito ham increases antioxidant substances in the body, reduces blood pressure and plasma triglycerides, decreases oxidative stress and prevents effect in diseases related to the cardiovascular and intestinal systems'. The scope of the application was proposed to fall under a health claim referring to disease risk reduction. The food constituent that is the subject of the health claim is Joselito, an Iberian ham characterised by a high content of oleic acid. The Panel considers that the food is sufficiently characterised. The Panel considers that lowering of LDL-cholesterol concentration and blood pressure is a beneficial effect by decreasing the risk of coronary heart disease. Upon a request from EFSA, the applicant identified one human intervention study as being pertinent to the claim. However, due to methodological limitations, the Panel considers that no conclusions can be drawn from this study for the scientific substantiation of the claim. The Panel notes that no human intervention studies from which conclusions could be drawn for the scientific substantiation of the claim were provided by the applicant. The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has not been established between the intake of Joselito (R) ham and the reduction of LDL-cholesterol concentration or blood pressure

Current and Evolving Practices in the Quality Control of Cosmetics

Cosmetic products undergo nowadays rigorous Quality Control testing to ensure that they are safe and stable and that their claims are substantiated by scientifically robust data. Quality Control tests used in the pharmaceutical industry can be applicable also for cosmetic formulations. However, claim substantiation testing is unique to cosmetic products. To enable time- and cost-effective quality control testing, assessment methodologies constantly keep evolving. This Special Issue includes manuscripts that explore all stages of Quality Control testing for cosmetic products, i.e., (1) physicochemical stability testing; (2) microbial stability testing; (3) efficacy testing including objective/subjective claim substantiation testing and the evaluation of sensorial properties; (4) toxicological/safety testing with emphasis on current and evolving methodologies that replace animal testing

EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA); Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to OptiEFAX™ and maintenance of normal blood concentrations of triglycerides pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006

&lt;p&gt;Following an application from Nutrilinks Sarl, submitted for authorisation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 via the Competent Authority of Belgium, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the scientific substantiation of a health claim related to OptiEFAX&amp;trade; and maintenance of normal blood concentrations of triglycerides. The food that is the subject of the health claim, OptiEFAX&amp;trade;, which is standardised pure krill oil, is sufficiently characterised in relation to the claimed effect. The claimed effect, maintenance of normal blood concentrations of triglycerides, is a beneficial physiological effect. The target population proposed by the applicant is the general population. No human studies have been provided from which conclusions could be drawn for the scientific substantiation of the claim. A cause and effect relationship has not been established between the consumption of OptiEFAX&amp;trade; and maintenance of normal blood concentrations of triglycerides.&lt;/p&gt

EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA); Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to Slendesta® Potato Extract and reduction of body weight pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 19 24/2006

Following an application from Kemin Foods LC, submitted for authorisation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 via the Competent Authority of Belgium, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the scientific substantiation of a health claim related to Slendesta® Potato Extract and reduction of body weight. The food constituent, Slendesta® Potato Extract, that is the subject of the health claim is sufficiently characterised. The claimed effect, a reduction of body weight, is a beneficial physiological effect for overweight individuals. In weighing the evidence, the Panel took into account that all four human intervention studies from which conclusions could be drawn for the scientific substantiation of the claim did not show an effect of Slendesta® Potato Extract on the reduction of body weight. The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has not been established between the consumption of Slendesta® Potato Extract and reduction of body weight