Impact of ethnicity upon body composition assessment in Iranian northern children

Objective: This study was designed to determine secular growth among rural children between two ethnic groups (Sisstanish and Non-Sisstanish ) in north of Iran. Methods: We chose 20 villages from 118 by cluster and simple sampling. All of 25-60 months old children in this area were considered in this study. Sample size was 1569 cases (632=Sisstanish and 937=Non- Sisstanish). Height, weight and personal identification were recorded by questioner. BMI percentile and under -1sd, -2sd and -3sd from NCHS were used for comparison. X2 test and T.test were used to analyze by software SPSS. Results: Sisstanish children were 900 g lighter and 4.39 cm taller than non-Sisstanish among all of age groups. T.test is significant between two groups based on weight and height (P<0.05). Stunting and underweight were observed in Sisstanish group 23% and 5.9% respectively more than in non-Sisstanish by -2sd criterion. There is a significant difference between two groups by stunting (P<0.05). Overweight (1.52%) and obesity (12.4%) were shown in Sisstanish group more than in non-Sisstanish group and Statistical differences is significant between them based on obesity (P<0.05). Conclusion: Secular growth in two groups is disproportionate and in Non-Sisstanish group is better than Sisstanish group. Sisstanish children suffer from severe height deficit and BMI high. Thereby, malnutrition is the most health problem in rural area in the north of Iran and nutritional intervention is necessary for solving these problems

Body Composition Assessment in Masters Level Swimmers

Body composition of collegiate swimmers has been extensively studied; however, there are limited reports of body composition among Masters swimmers. This study compared the accuracy of air displacement plethysmography (ADP) and bioelectrical impedance (BIA) to the gold standard method of underwater weighing (UWW) in Masters level swimmers. The relationship between percent body fat (%BF) and body mass index (BMI) was also assessed. Recruitment (n = 6 females, 11 males) occurred at two Masters swim clubs. Pearson correlation coefficients revealed no significant differences between ADP, BIA, and UWW (p \u3e 0.05). For both female and male Masters swimmers, the mean %BF was in the healthy range (30.4 ± 11.7% female, 21.3 ± 8.0% male); however, BMI was in the overweight range (27.0 ± 7.2 kg/m2 female, 26.4 ± 4.8 kg/m2 male). These findings suggest that while ADP, BIA, and UWW were comparable methods for assessing %BF in Masters swimmers, BMI did not adequately represent body composition and health risk for Masters swimmers

Body image perception and body composition: assessment of perception inconsistency by a new index

BACKGROUND: A correct perception of the body image, as defined by comparison with actual anthropometric analyses, is crucial to ensure the best possible nutritional status of each individual. Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) represents a leading technique to assess body composition parameters and, in particular, the fat mass. This study examined the self-perception of body image at various levels of adiposity proposing a new index. METHODS: We investigated 487 young Italian adults (mean age of males: 21.9 ± 2.4&nbsp;years; mean age of females: 21.0 ± 2.2&nbsp;years). Each subject could choose, on the Contour Drawing Rating Scale, the silhouette that he/she considered most resembling his/her perceived body image as well as his/her ideal body image. On each subject, we performed anthropometric measurements and determined the values of Fat mass and &nbsp;út with BIA. A new index, FAIFAT (Feel fat status minus Actual fat status Inconsistency), was developed to evaluate possible fat status perception inconsistencies by BIA. RESULTS: Based on ideal and feel body image comparison, women showed higher dissatisfaction than men and preferred slimmer silhouettes. FAIFAT values indicated that the fat status perception was correct in the majority of the examined individuals and only three subjects showed a serious misperception. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that FAIFAT is an appropriate index for assessing the perceived fat status from the body image when compared with data obtained by BIA. In a population, the use of this index will allow the correct identification of groups at risk for eating disorders

Body Composition Assessment in Young Bulgarian Tennis Athletes

Body composition is a major factor determining achievements in racket sports (tennis, table tennis and squash) and plays a significant role in the level of physical development. The aim of the present study is to assess body composition in young Bulgarian tennis players. A total of 86 boys (26 tennis players, 60 schoolchildren), aged 10-11 years, participated in this cross-sectional study. Body composition was determined by means of multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance measurements (BIA). The following anthropometric indices were calculated: fat mass index (FMI=fat mass/ stature2, kg/ m2), fat free mass index (FFMI= fat free mass/ stature2, kg/m2). Comparisons between groups were performed by Student t-test (P0.05). In athlete they were 14.12± 0.98 kg/m2 and in non-athlete – 14.30 ± 1.04 kg/ m2. Training experience of TP was significantly and negatively correlated with several anthropometric traits and indices of body composition. Physical activity, particular tennis training was inversely correlated with body weight, body fat and FMI, moderately correlated with FFM in children

Body Composition Assessment in Young Bulgarian Tennis Athletes

Body composition is a major factor determining achievements in racket sports (tennis, table tennis and squash) and plays a significant role in the level of physical development. The aim of the present study is to assess body composition in young Bulgarian tennis players. A total of 86 boys (26 tennis players, 60 schoolchildren), aged 10-11 years, participated in this cross-sectional study. Body composition was determined by means of multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance measurements (BIA). The following anthropometric indices were calculated: fat mass index (FMI=fat mass/ stature2, kg/ m2), fat free mass index (FFMI= fat free mass/ stature2, kg/m2). Comparisons between groups were performed by Student t-test (P0.05). In athlete they were 14.12± 0.98 kg/m2 and in non-athlete – 14.30 ± 1.04 kg/ m2. Training experience of TP was significantly and negatively correlated with several anthropometric traits and indices of body composition. Physical activity, particular tennis training was inversely correlated with body weight, body fat and FMI, moderately correlated with FFM in children

Ultrasound imaging, a stethoscope for body composition assessment

Bone and muscle are two deeply interconnected organs and a strong relationship between them exists in their development and maintenance. The peak of both bone and muscle mass is achieved in early adulthood, followed by a progressive decline after the age of 40. The increase in life expectancy in developed countries resulted in an increase of degenerative diseases affecting the musculoskeletal system. Osteoporosis and sarcopenia represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly population and are associated with a significant increase in healthcare costs. Several imaging techniques are currently available for the non-invasive investigation of bone and muscle mass and quality. Conventional radiology, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound often play a complementary role in the study of osteoporosis and sarcopenia, depicting different aspects of the same pathology. This paper presents the different imaging modalities currently used for the investigation of bone and muscle mass and quality in osteoporosis and sarcopenia with special emphasis on the clinical applications and limitations of each technique and with the intent to provide interesting insights into recent advances in the field of conventional imaging, novel high-resolution techniques and fracture risk

Comparison of Body Composition Assessment Techniques in Older Adults

Body composition is an important measurement for health assessments in older adults. The purpose of this study was to evaluate percent body fat (%BF) estimations in older adults by the Tanita, a two-compartment model (Siri 2-C) and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) compared to a three-compartment model (Lohman 3-C). Fifty-two females and fifty men between the ages of 54 and 75y volunteered for the study. The estimate of % BF from the Tanita was measured using the ‘adult’ mode. The Bod Pod was used to determine body density (Db) for the 2-C and 3-C. DXA was used to obtain an estimate of %BF, and determine BMC for use in the 3-C. Compared to the 3-C estimate of %BF (26.1 ± 1.0%), %BF in males was significantly underestimated by Tanita (22.1 ± 0.8%), and overestimated by 2-C (27.6 ± 09%) and DXA (28.6 ± 0.9%) (P\u3c 0.001). The bias and limits of agreement for all methods in males were: Tanita, -3.93 ± 10.3; 2-C, 1.53 ± 3.38; DXA, 2.51 ± 6.36. Compared to the 3-C estimate of %BF (39.2%), %BF in females was significantly underestimated by Tanita (36.4 ± 1.2%; P \u3c 0.001) and overestimated by DXA (40.5 ± 1.2%; P = 0.013). There was no significant difference in females between the 3-C and 2-C estimates of %BF (39.2 ± 1.2% vs. 39.3 ± 1.2% respectively, P \u3e 0.05). The bias and limits of agreement for all methods in females were: Tanita, -2.85 ± 8.66; 2-C, 0.05 ± 3.24; DXA 1.27 ± 5.64. This study suggests that the techniques used in this investigation are not interchangeable when estimating %BF in older adults

Body composition assessment among adults in Thika, Kiambu county, Kenya

Background: Research has shown that body composition is directly related to health. Altered body composition, can greatly increase the risks of conditions such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis fosters early detection of an improper balance in the body composition, which allows for earlier intervention and prevention.Methods: This was a cross sectional analysis of body composition for adults who volunteered to be screened during a Nutrition week in Kiambu County, Kenya. A total of 301 adults were included in the assessment. Body Mass Index (BMI) and Body composition (body fat %, bone mass, muscle mass, visceral fat and water %) were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis.Results: The age of the participants ranged from 18-99 years (mean 42.19±16.57 years). Most of the participants were males (53.5%). More than half (53.2%) of the participants had a poor BMI, 37.2% had high total body fat percentage, 12.6% had excess levels of visceral fat and 26.6% had poor water hydration status. Age (OR=0.095; p value <0.001; CI 0.033-0272) and visceral fat (r=0.74; p value <0.001) were significantly associated with the BMI. Females had a significantly higher BMI (P <0.001). Visceral fat was also positively correlated with age: r=0.74; P value <0.001.Conclusions: Sex, age and BMI were important determinants of body composition. Increased physical activity, appropriate dietary practices are crucial in maintaining a healthy BMI and body composition. For timely intervention regular nutrition screening should be promoted among different populations