Fertiliser, Plant Nutrient Management, and Self-reliance in Agriculture

The importance of agriculture in the economy of Pakistan is well established. Agricultural plays an important role both directly and indirectly in generating economic activity, growth and development. Agriculture has strong backward and forward linkages and is vital to the food security of the country. Fertilisers have played an important role in Pakistan agriculture particularly in meeting the growing demand for food grains, fibre, fuel and fodder. Fertiliser consumption has increased during the last four decades to 2.6 million tonnes by 1997-98. The use level is, however, not only sub optimal but also imbalanced. Better plant nutrient management is, therefore, necessary for achieving self reliance in agriculture.

Group Prediction in Information Markets With and Without Trading Information and Price Manipulation Incentives

The ability of individuals and groups to forecast a future event, with incomplete information, by using the trading history of an asset market is analyzed in the laboratory. The results show: (1) when forecasters observe the summary of markettransacted prices, they do not perform as well as when they are provided with a complete real-time sequence of bids, asks and contract prices; (2) groups do not outperform individuals in forecasting, and when the market does not have price manipulation incentives, individual prediction is better than the group prediction; (3) in markets with manipulators, where only a summary of contract prices is provided, both groups and individuals are unable to predict better than flipping a coin. This inability to aggregate information is remedied when forecasters see the complete evolution of market bids, asks and contracts.

Evaluating the Relationships Between Science Class Success and Math Placement in High School

In order for students to perform well in science, they need opportunities to develop formal reasoning. Teachers in a private school in Latin America noted that students who had not yet completed Algebra I were struggling in a 9th-grade chemistry course more than their classmates who had completed Algebra I. The purpose of this causal, comparative action research was to determine if math placement was key to supporting student success in science. Data on achievement, as indicated by final exam scores in math, science, and English, were used from the cohort of students enrolled in 9th grade in 2015 and in 10th grade in 2016. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine if there was a difference in science achievement between students on an accelerated pathway and students on a nonaccelerated pathway. Spearman’s rho was used to determine if science achievement was correlated with math and English. It was found that there was a significant difference in science achievement for students on different pathways, as well as significant differences in achievement between the 2015 and 2016 school years. Additionally, it was found that both math and science and English and math had similar correlations. It was concluded that math provides significant opportunities to practice formal reasoning that is important for success in science

Fertiliser, Plant Nutrient Management, and Self-reliance in Agriculture

The importance of agriculture in the economy of Pakistan is well established. Agricultural plays an important role both directly and indirectly in generating economic activity, growth and development. Agriculture has strong backward and forward linkages and is vital to the food security of the country. Fertilisers have played an important role in Pakistan agriculture particularly in meeting the growing demand for food grains, fibre, fuel and fodder. Fertiliser consumption has increased during the last four decades to 2.6 million tonnes by 1997-98. The use level is, however, not only sub optimal but also imbalanced. Better plant nutrient management is, therefore, necessary for achieving self reliance in agriculture

GAMBARAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN IBU NIFAS TENTANG PERAWATAN PAYUDARA MASA NIFAS DI BPS UMI KIPTIYAH DESA CEPOKOREJO KECAMATAN PALANG KABUPATEN TUBAN

Perawatan payudara pada masa nifas merupakan komponen utama sebagai dasar keberhasilan menyusui. Pada data awal ditemukan dari14 ibu nifas di BPS Umi Kiptiyah ada 36% responden yang tidak melakukan perawatan payudara. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui gambaran tingkat pengetahuan ibu nifas tentang perawatan payudara masa nifas di BPS Umi Kiptiyah. Desain penelitian adalah deskriptif. Populasi dan sampel adalah seluruh ibu nifas hari ke 1-6 di BPS Umi Kiptiyah Desa Cepokorejo Kecamatan Palang Kabupaten Tuban sebanyak 20 responden, dengan menggunakan teknik total sampling. Variabel penelitian adalah tingkat pengetahuan ibu nifas tentang perawatan payudara pada masa nifas. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner, di olah dengan editing, scoring, coding, tabulasi dan di analisis secara deskriptif dalam bentuk persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 20 responden setengahnya (50%) responden berpengetahuan kurang, hampir setengahnya (30%) responden berpengetahuan cukup, dan sebagian kecil (20%) responden berpengetahuan baik. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa setengahnya ibu nifas di BPS Umi Kiptiyah Desa Cepokorejo Kecamatan Palang Kabupaten Tuban mempunyai tingkat pengetahuan yang kurang tentang perawatan payudara masa nifas. Diharapkan tenaga kesehatan sebagai pelaksana bidang kesehatan dapat memberikan penyuluhan tentang perawatan payudara pada masa nifas yang baik dan benar di BPS Umi Kiptiyah Desa Cepokorejo Kecamatan Palang Kabupaten Tuban

Can Manipulators Mislead Prediction Market Observers?

We study experimental markets where privately informed traders exchange simple assets, and where uninformed third parties are asked to forecast the values of these assets, guided only by market prices. Although prices only partially aggregate information, they significantly improve the forecasts of third parties. In a second treatment, a portion of traders are given preferences over the forecasts made by observers. Although we find evidence that these traders attempt to manipulate prices in order to influence the beliefs of observers, we find no evidence that observers make less accurate forecasts as a result.

High Stakes Behavior with Low Payoffs: Inducing Preferences with Holt-Laury Gambles

A continuing goal of experiments is to understand risky decisions when the decisions are important. Often a decision’s importance is related to the magnitude of the associated monetary stake. Khaneman and Tversky (1979) argue that risky decisions in high stakes environments can be informed using questionnaires with hypothetical choices (since subjects have no incentive to answer questions falsely.) However, results reported by Holt and Laury (2002, henceforth HL), as well as replications by Harrison (2005) suggest that decisions in “high” monetary payoff environments are not well-predicted by questionnaire responses. Thus, a potential implication of the HL results is that studying decisions in high stakes environments requires using high stakes. Here we describe and implement a procedure for studying high-stakes behavior in a low-stakes environment. We use the binary-lottery reward technique (introduced by Berg, et al (1986)) to induce preferences in a way that is consistent with the decisions reported by HL under a variety of stake sizes. The resulting decisions, all of which were made in a low-stakes environment, reflect surprisingly well the noisy choice behavior reported by HL’s subjects even in their highstakes environment. This finding is important because inducing preferences evidently requires substantially less cost than paying people to participate in extremely high-stakes games.