"Graph Entropy, Network Coding and Guessing games"

We introduce the (private) entropy of a directed graph (in a new network coding sense) as well as a number of related concepts. We show that the entropy of a directed graph is identical to its guessing number and can be bounded from below with the number of vertices minus the size of the graph’s shortest index code. We show that the Network Coding solvability of each specific multiple unicast network is completely determined by the entropy (as well as by the shortest index code) of the directed graph that occur by identifying each source node with each corresponding target node. Shannon’s information inequalities can be used to calculate up- per bounds on a graph’s entropy as well as calculating the size of the minimal index code. Recently, a number of new families of so-called non-shannon-type information inequalities have been discovered. It has been shown that there exist communication networks with a ca- pacity strictly ess than required for solvability, but where this fact cannot be derived using Shannon’s classical information inequalities. Based on this result we show that there exist graphs with an entropy that cannot be calculated using only Shannon’s classical information inequalities, and show that better estimate can be obtained by use of certain non-shannon-type information inequalities

Criminalising the possession of extreme pornography: Sword or shield?

Copyright © 2011 Vathek Publishing, Ltd. Shared with permission of the publisher.This article examines the reasons for the introduction of the extreme pornography provisions in s. 63 of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008, whether the provisions can be justified, whether they meet their goals and the problems they raise. It is argued that the provisions should be seen as an expression of benign perfectionism, grounded in respect for individuals, rather than repressive paternalism. The impact of the law is assessed with reference to recent cases and the author considers whether the fears expressed at the time the legislation was passed have been borne out in practice

Psychiatric Morbidity among Elderly People Living in Old Age Homes and in the Community: A Comparative Study

Background: Disorders such as depression, anxiety, cognitive and psychotic disorders have a high prevalence among elderly. There is some preliminary evidence that life in old age homes is perceived by inmates as more supportive, though the issue is not well studied. Aim: This project is directed towards studying and comparing the psychiatric morbidity and quality of life of elderly people residing in two unique settings: community and old age homes. Method: It is a cross-sectional study where the elderly subjects, 50 each in both the groups, were selected by simple random sampling technique and assessed on Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in Elderly (IQCODE), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Quality of life visual analogue scale. Result: On comparison using suitable statistical analysis, there was no significant difference in the total scores on MMSE, IQCODE and quality of life scale across the groups. Depression was present in 22% of people in the community and 36% of old age home inmates. Psychosis was present in 26% of people in the community and 20% of old age home inmates. Conclusion: The psychiatric morbidity is high in elderly irrespective of the setting in which they live

Declaration on Religious Freedom: Three Developmental Aspects

This article considers key aspects of the Vatican II declaration on religious freedom Dignitatis Humanae and John Courtney Murray’s role in its formulation. This will be done with concern for the broader theological context as exemplified in Thomas Aquinas. After a brief outline of the difficulties Murray faced and their resolution, the discussion moves in four stages: a summary of the key ideas in the document on the relationship between truth and freedom from which the following three ideas receive a focus; the person (dignity and conscience); rights and their evolving context; historical consciousness and its role as a mode and locus of theological reflection. Here, a suggestion is offered about the interrelationship of speculative and practical reason in doctrinal development

VACTERL association

VACTERL association is a useful acronym for a condition characterised by the sporadic, non-random association of specific birth defects of multiple organ systems.We present one such case which had congenital abnormalities of renal,skeletal and cardiac system

Kienbock Disease

A case of a 27 years old female with history of pain in left wrists is presented. Investigations revealed necrosis of left lunate (Kienbock disease)

Service quality in alcohol treatment: a qualitative study

The objective of the study was to qualitatively evaluate the managerial and organisational issues associated with service quality in a privately funded alcohol treatment centre in the UK. Two different groups of participants at a private treatment clinic were interviewed. The first group comprised 25 of its patients. The second group comprised 15 staff members of the same clinic. All 40 interviews were transcribed and a thematic analysis was performed on the data to reveal the key themes. Six themes emerged from the interviews amongst patients and staff of the treatment clinic. The six themes were: (1) the fellowship of patients, (2) professionalism, (3) process and measurement, (4) incarceration, (5) empathy gap, and (6) access to treatment. Findings suggested there was a strong emphasis on management of the service delivery with established quality systems and performance measurement systems in place. The two service quality gaps, suggested by the research, were the rigid delivery of service and a lack of empathetic relationships with patients. Furthermore, by evaluating the service quality delivery from the service user’s perspective, a voice was given to a group of patients, who in research terms have gone largely unheard