Imatinib Resistance in Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a disorder of blood stem cells in bone marrow, which leads to a rapid production of white blood cells. Of the patients diagnosed with CML, 95% have the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome, which means that chromosome 22 is smaller than regular (22 q-). Historically, the median survival time for chronic phase CML patients was four to five years, while the accelerated and blast (profusion of immature red blood cells in circulation) phases had a much shorter survival time. Recently, due to the revolutionary new drug imatinib, CML patients diagnosed early have a higher survival rate. Nevertheless, some patients may show resistance to imatinib, and alternative treatments must be considered (Hochhaus and La Rosée 2004)

Delineating Sexual and Social Motivation in the Female Rat Using Operant Responding

Honors (Bachelor's)Brain, Behavior, and Cognitive SciencesUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/91850/1/kakops.pd

They say it's beyond words: a study of professionals' discourse on football

This is a discourse analytic study of how professional footballers talk about the game of football. The study reveals how talk about football constructs the nature of the game,i ts constraints,p otentials and contingenciesw, hile attending to participants' accountability in it. An initial observation is that the talk's construction exhibits everyday conventions of discourse, which are what make it intelligible, and that the specific nature of football is provided for within those general discursive conventions. The context of 'football itself is not some physical entity that determines the type of talk which occurs within it. Rather, it is through their discourse that professional participants build the nature and relevance of that context, and build their own status as individuals who are both competentp rofessionalsa nd competenti nformantso n professional practices. What also becomes evident, in examining the construction of the talk, is that there are two sides to it. On the one hand, within their descriptions, or versions, there is flexibility in terms of what a speaker can say, or construct as relevant and factual, in building the talk's context. On the other hand, speakersr outinely attend to there being constraints imposed upon them in terms of what can be properly or accurately said. The orientation is towards those constraints as imposed by the nature of the world referred to. Participants describe events in a particular manner on the basis that that is simply how they are. However, the constraipts upon descriptions are demonstrably social ones. Speakers' attention to them arises out of the interactional nature of how external realities are determined through, or within, talk. These two sides of construction go hand in hand. In the interviews, which provide the data for this study, the professional footballers attend to constraints, in constructing the specifics of their talk, both as externally driven, and as matters requiring the interviewer's confirmation as definitive

Testing Negative Value of Information and Ambiguity Aversion

The standard Subjective Expected Utility model of decision-making implies that information can never have a negative value ex-ante. Many ambiguity theories have since questioned this property. We provide an experimental test of the connection between the value of information and ambiguity attitude. Our results show that the value of information can indeed be negative when new information renders hedging against ambiguity impossible. Moreover, the value of information is correlated with ambiguity aversion. This confirms the predictions from ambiguity theories and may have implications for decision-making in uncertain and dynamic environments. Neither complexity avoidance nor information with ambiguous reliability can reproduce the results

A Test of Information Aversion

The standard Bayesian model implies that information can never have a negative value. We put this implication to the proof. Our paper provides the first test of the value (positive or negative) of information under uncertainty. We show that the “Bayesian implication” stands in conflict with the information-averse behavior that is revealed in our experiment. This behavior demonstrates that the value of truthful and unambiguous information may indeed be negative. Our findings complement predictions from recent theoretical work in showing that negative value of information correlates with ambiguity aversion. This highlights the importance of counseling for decision-making under uncertainty