Velocity profiles of interplanetary shocks

The type 2 radio burst was identified as a shock propagating through solar corona. Radio emission from shocks travelling through the interplanetary (IP) medium was observed. Using the drift rates of IP type II bursts the velocity characteristics of eleven shocks were investigated. It is indicated that shocks in the IP medium undergo acceleration before decelerating and that the slower shocks take longer to attain their maximum velocity

Supporting evidence-based adaptation decision-making in the Australian Capital Territory: a synthesis of climate change adaptation research

This research synthesis provides policy-makers and practitioners with an understanding of the building blocks for effective adaptation decision-making, as evidenced through the NCCARF research program. It synthesised a portfolio of adaptation research for each Australian state and territory and addressing the complex relationships between research and policy development.   Each state and territory synthesis report directs users to research relevant identified priorities. Authored by Jennifer Cane, Laura Cacho, Nicolas Dircks and Peter Steele

Cosmic ray decreases and magnetic clouds

Energetic particle data, obtained from IMP 8, in conjunction with solar wind field and plasma data at the times of reported magnetic clouds was studied. It is shown that magnetic clouds can cause a depression of the cosmic ray flux but high fields are required. A depression of 3 percent in a neutron monitor requires a field of about 25 nT. Such high fields are found only in a subset of coronal ejecta. The principal cause for Forbush decreases associated with energetic shocks is probably turbulence in the post-shock region although some shocks will be followed by an ejecta with a high field. Each event is different. The lower energy particles can help in identifying the dominant processes in individual events

Analysis of Purchasing power parity with data for Macedonia

This paper examines PPP parity theory with data for Macedonia. We test the empirical consensus in this literature that real exchange rates tend towards PPP in the very long run, also we use co-integration Engle-Granger method and error correction mechanism. The hypothesis we test that PPP theory holds in long run in the case of Macedonia, and this hypothesis is proven to be true.PPP, Exchange rate, Co-integration, unit root, stationarity

A note on the diet of the Tasmanian Aborigines

The Tasmanian Aboriginal diet was drawn from marine and non-marine environments, in which food resources varied according to habitat. Alpine and rain forest environments provided a limited supply of plant food, whereas the wet and dry schlerophyll forests provided an abundant supply of plant and animal foods. The coastal zones, despite a deceptively barren appearance, supplied a consistently rich plant and marsupial food resource that was supplemented by large shellfish grounds and a seasonal abundance of birds and certain mammals

The causal relationship between patent growth and growth of GDP with quarterly data in the G7 countries: cointegration, ARDL and error correction models

This empirical study investigates the dynamic link between patent growth and GDP growth in G7 economies. ARDL model showed that there exist positive relationship in long run between quarterly growth of patents and quarterly GDP growth. The error correction term suggests that 20,6 percent of the adjustment back to long run equilibrium of industrial production in G7 countries is corrected by 20,6% a year, following a shock like the one in 1974 , which in our study is controlled by a dummy variable D74. In the short run however at one or two lags there exist negative relationship between quarterly patents growth and quarterly growth of GDP. Johansen’s procedure for cointegration showed that long run multipliers are positive between the patent growth and GDP growth in G7 economies. Granger causality test showed that patent growth Granger cause GDP growth in G7 countries. Unrestricted VAR showed that there exists positive relationship between patent growth and GDP growth at two or three lags.Cointegration, ARDL, Error correction models, Johasens’s procedure, Patent growth, GDP growth

Sheerlegs as an archaeological aid

The name sheerlegs is given to a tripod used as a mechanical aid that has its apex tied together with a sheerlashing. As such, sheerlegs may have many uses, for example to suspend a block and tackle or to support various objects - the crown or apex being very stable and the leg arrangement being flexible so as to easily provide different heights