Bear serum proteomics.

<p>Representative images of a Cy2-stained black bear serum proteins separated by difference gel electrophoresis, utilizing a pH 4–7 (left to right) immobilized pH gradient isoelectric focusing gel strip for the 1^st, horizontal separation and a 12% SDS-PAGE gel in the 2^nd, vertical separation. Protein spots significantly (p<0.05) up-regulated (yellow) and down-regulated (green) proteins are indicated by colour. Protein spots that were subsequently identified by tandem mass spectrometry are indicated by numbers, which correspond to spot IDs in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0066119#pone-0066119-t002" target="_blank">table 2</a>. Estimated protein molecular weights in kiloDaltons (kDa) are indicated on the right edge of the image, and estimated isoelectric points are on the bottom edge.</p

Black bear sample information.

<p>Black bear sample information.</p

Significantly enriched (Enrichment >1.5, p<0.05) selected Gene Ontology categories of serum proteins in hibernating black bears.

<p>The False Discovery Rate (FDR) and number of changed and total proteins in each GO category are shown.</p

Protein spots identified by tandem mass spectrometric analysis and MASCOT database searching.

<p>Spot IDs correspond to labeled spots in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0066119#pone-0066119-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a>.</p><p>p-values from the 1-way RMANOVA and False Discovery Rate (FDR) for each protein are shown. Fold changes are relative change in protein spot volume from pre-hibernation to hibernation.</p

Specific proteins expression in bear serum.

<p>Western immunoblots and histograms of the mean + standard error of the mean (n = 8) protein expression (arbitrary units as a proportion of pooled reference black bear serum) between pre-hibernating (“Pre”) and hibernating (“Hib”) black bears using antibodies against A) α1-antitrypsin (A1AT), B) α2-macroglobulin (A2M), C) apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), D) haptoglobin (Hp), E) kininogen 1 (KNG), and F) transferrin (Tf). Changes in protein expression between hibernation states of individual bears are overlaid on top of the histogram. A representative western blot is shown inset, and the left and right wells are loaded with pre-hibernation and hibernation serum samples, respectively. Statistically significant differences (p<0.05, paired 1-way ANOVA) between hibernation states are indicated with asterisks. A2M was significant at p = 0.07.</p