39 research outputs found

    Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Identification of Mycobacteria in Routine Clinical Practice

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    Background: Non-tuberculous mycobacteria recovered from respiratory tract specimens are emerging confounder organisms for the laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis worldwide. There is an urgent need for new techniques to rapidly identify mycobacteria isolated in clinical practice. Matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has previously been proven to effectively identify mycobacteria grown in high-concentration inocula from collections. However, a thorough evaluation of its use in routine laboratory practice has not been performed. Methodology: We set up an original protocol for the MALDI-TOF MS identification of heat-inactivated mycobacteria after dissociation in Tween-20, mechanical breaking of the cell wall and protein extraction with formic acid and acetonitrile. By applying this protocol to as few as 10 5 colony-forming units of reference isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium, and 20 other Mycobacterium species, we obtained species-specific mass spectra for the creation of a local database. Using this database, our protocol enabled the identification by MALDI-TOF MS of 87 M. tuberculosis, 25M. avium and 12 non-tuberculosis clinical isolates with identification scores $2 within 2.5 hours. Conclusions: Our data indicate that MALDI-TOF MS can be used as a first-line method for the routine identification of heatinactivated mycobacteria. MALDI-TOF MS is an attractive method for implementation in clinical microbiology laboratories i

    Etude des variants métaboliques dans le genre Staphylococcus (caractérisation in vitro et étude prospective in vivo )

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    L'implication des variants colonies naines n'a cessé de croître ces dernières années en particulier dans les pathologies chroniques. La particularité de ces variants résulte d'altération dans la chaîne de transport des électrons, conduisant à des modifications phénotypiques.et métaboliques. Ces variants ont la faculté de persister au sein des cellules de l'hôte et à exprimer une résistance accrue à certains antibiotiques. Au cours de ce travail, nous avons défini les conditions optimales pour la détection, l'identification et l'étude de la sensibilité aux antibiotiques des variants après sélection in vitro. Dans un second temps, nous avons recueilli, 68 prélèvements de tissus provenant de sepsis osseux avérés cliniquement à Staphylococcus aureus et à staphylocoques négatifs afin de détecter la présence de variants colonies naines. Seuls deux patients étaient porteurs de ces souches. L'un des variants exprime un auxotrophisme pour la ménadione et se révèle être plus résistant aux aminosides que la souche isogénique. L'autre souche ne présentait pas de résistances particulières. Ces variants restent donc peu fréquents. Cette étude aura pour intêret de modifier les pratiques actuelles au sein du laboratoire de Bactériologie du CHU de Nantes, concernant la prise en charge des prélèvements ostéo-articulaires afin d'optimiser la détection de ces variants.NANTES-BU Médecine pharmacie (441092101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Bactériuries à entérobactéries productrices de BLSE chez les transplants rénaux (aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques et moléculaires de 2008 à 2012 au CHU de Nantes)

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    Principale complication infectieuse chez le greffé rénal, les infections urinaires sont souvent traitées de manière très libérale par le praticien faute de consensus. Parallèlement, la prévalence des bactériuries causées par les entérobactéries productrices de BLSE (EBLSE) ne cesse de croître. Les objectifs de cette étude étaient de déterminer les facteurs associés aux bactériuries à EBLSE et de décrire l'épidémiologie moléculaire de ces isolats. Ainsi, l'exposition aux céphalosporines de 3ème génération intraveineuse est apparue comme un facteur de risque indépendant de bactériurie à EBLSE. Par ailleurs, les souches de E. coli exprimaient exclusivement des CTX-M du groupe 1 et du groupe 9, et n'étaient pas reliées épidémiologiquement. Avec une faible appartenance au groupe phylogénétique B2 ou au clone ST131, ces souches semblaient de virulence modérée. Ces résultats sont un argument en faveur d'une limitation du traitement systématique des colonisations urinaires chez ces patients.Main infectious complication in renal transplant recipients, urinary tract infections are often treated very liberally with antibiotics due to a lack of consensus. Meanwhile, the prevalence of bacteriuria caused by ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBLE) continues to grow. The objectives of this study were to determine the factors associated with ESBLE-bacteriuria and to describe the molecular epidemiology of these isolates. We have demonstrated that exposure to intravenous third-generation cephalosporins was an independent risk factor for ESBLE-bacteriuria. Besides, E. coli strains expressed exclusively CTX-M enzymes belonging to group 1 of group 9, and were not epidemiologically linked. With low affiliations to phylogenetic group B2 and virulent clone ST131, these strains appeared to be moderately virulent. These results underline the need to limit systematic antibiotic therapy of urinary colonization in renal transplant patients.RENNES1-BU Santé (352382103) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Dietzia papillomatosis Bacteremia

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    Micronutrients Deficiencies in 374 Severely Malnourished Anorexia Nervosa Inpatients

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    International audienceINTRODUCTION:Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex psychiatric disorder, which can lead to specific somatic complications. Undernutrition is a major diagnostic criteria of AN and it can be associated with several micronutrients deficiencies.OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to determinate the prevalence of micronutrients deficiencies and to compare the differences between the two subtypes of AN (restricting type (AN-R) and binge-eating/purging type (AN-BP)).METHODS:We report a large retrospective, monocentric study of patients that were hospitalized in a highly specialized AN inpatient unit between January 2011 and August 2017 for severe malnutrition treatment in the context of anorexia nervosa.RESULTS:Three hundred and seventy-four patients were included, at inclusion, with a mean Body Mass Index (BMI) of 12.5 ± 1.7 kg/m². Zinc had the highest deficiency prevalence 64.3%, followed by vitamin D (54.2%), copper (37.1%), selenium (20.5%), vitamin B1 (15%), vitamin B12 (4.7%), and vitamin B9 (8.9%). Patients with AN-BP type had longer disease duration history, were older, and had a lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (p < 0.001, p = 0.029, p = 0.009) when compared with AN-R type patients who, instead, had significantly higher Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) levels (p < 0.001, p < 0.021). In the AN-BP subgroup, as compared to AN-R, lower selenium (p < 0.001) and vitamin B12 plasma concentration (p < 0.036) was observed, whereas lower copper plasma concentration was observed in patients with AN-R type (p < 0.022). No significant differences were observed for zinc, vitamin B9, vitamin D, and vitamin B1 concentrations between the two types of AN patients.CONCLUSION:Severely malnourished AN patients have many micronutrient deficiencies. Micronutrients status must be monitored and supplemented to prevent deficiency related complications and to improve nutritional status. Prospective studies are needed to explore the symptoms and consequences of each deficiency, which can aggravate the prognosis during recovery
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